重庆忠县翠屏山崖墓群出土晋代金银器的分析研究

利用微聚焦能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)、拉曼光谱仪(RS)、X射线电子能谱仪(XPS)等无损分析法,对重庆忠县翠屏山崖墓出土金银器的基体成分、表面腐蚀物成分以及其物相结构进行了系统的分析测试。结果表明:两个金器样品的含金量均高达90%,纯度较高。此外,还含有一定含量的银、铜、锌、镍、铷等杂质元素;银器中,大多数样品含银量高达97.38~98.85%,同时还含有少量硫、铬、镍、锌、金等杂质元素;银器表面附着的黑色的腐蚀物,经鉴定为Ag2S,红褐色腐蚀物的物相结构为Cu2O;值得关注的是,有一个银器样品含银95.2%,含铜3.19%,应为铜银合金,此结果对于探讨我国古代银铜合金技术发展与演变的研究,具有非常重要的意义。     

定位华裔新西兰人：当代“高质量移民”与早年“不受欢迎的外国人”之比较

自19世纪至20世纪中期,华裔新西兰人被视为不被法律承认的异乡人;而从1987年开始,华裔新西兰人被视为主要的中产阶级移民群体而受到欢迎,并被寄予建立国际联系和裨益经济的厚望。在这两个群体之间,存在着如社会经济实力、籍贯、教育程度、移民动机等方面的巨大差异,最主要的是,他们与新西兰非华裔主流群体的融合程度不同。然而,不论是早期卑微的定居者还是近年来的高素质“空中飞人”,华裔新西兰人的定位没有改变,只要他们是华人的后代,而且“看起来是华人”,他们就永远不可能被当作“真正的新西兰人”。“华人性”总是被刻画成和“新西兰价值”格格不入。     

河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布及其气候环境因素

本文根据考古学14C年代数据和考古遗存情况,结合高分辨率的地层和古气候研究资料,分析了河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布格局以及影响遗址分布的地貌和气候因素。该地区早中全新世文化时间序列为:早期新石器时代文化(10,000~8,800 yr BP)、新石器早中期之间的文化缺环(约8,800~7,300 yr BP)、7,300~6,500yr BP的磁山.兴隆洼.北福地一期三大文化系统并立发展时期以及6,500~6,000 yr BP的前仰韶文化时期。文化序列与气候序列对比发现:文化发展很大程度上受到气候条件的制约。从文化分布空间来看,具有如下特征:首先,早中全新世时期的文化分布在与当时海岸线平行的弧形地带上,这种分布格局与气候和地貌条件有关。在排除了地势高亢和海侵影响地区后,太行山东麓到古海岸线之间的弧形地带成为最佳选择。其次,从遗址分布高度来看,当时人仍居住在较高地貌面上,海侵及众多湖沼阻止了人类向东部平原腹地迈进的步伐。     

新时期文化发展战略的演变

改革开放30年来,我国文化发展战略的演变以中共十五大为界可划分为两个发展时期:前期从1978年到1996年,文化发展战略以精神文明建设为主导;后期从1997年中共十五大召开至今,文化发展战略在强调精神文明建设的同时,更加重视提升国家综合实力和文化软实力。这一发展历程表明,改革开放以来,执政党和全社会的文化自觉意识明显提高,文化建设的着力点已从强调政治思想教育转变为满足人民群众的基本文化权益和文化需求,文化的内涵和外延进一步扩大,文化认知达到新的高度。新时期我国文化发展战略的演变是建设中国特色社会主义的需要,是应对全球化浪潮的必然结果,也是适应新科技革命时代的自我调整。     

Panlongcheng,Zhengzhou and the Movement of Metal in Early Bronze Age China

Journal of World Prehistory - The role of Panlongcheng—a walled settlement on the Yangtze River with obvious links to the Erligang capital at Zhengzhou, ~?500 km to the...     

20世纪70年代初台湾当局对美“外交”与联合国中国代表权问题

1971年第26届联合国大会前一年内,在尼克松政府的要求和现实的压力下,台湾当局在联合国中国代表权问题上不断让步,但最终还是没能保住其在联合国的席位。在决策过程中,蒋介石表面上不断展示强硬立场,实质上却并非如此。他手下的高级"外交官"们为保住台湾当局在联合国的席位而倾向于妥协,但在威权体制下难于向蒋介石进言。     

20世纪60年代前期湖南省推行农业生产责任制的回顾与启示

20世纪60年代前期,湖南省推行农业生产责任制与大跃进运动和反右倾斗争导致国民经济出现严重困难局面有密切联系,整个过程经历了试点、推广、挫折三个阶段。实行农业生产责任制后,农民的生产积极性被调动起来,粮食产量提高,为湖南省农业迅速走出困境发挥了重要作用。但由于农业生产责任制是局限在三级所有,队为基础的基本体制框架内实行的,因此,阻碍了农民生产积极性的进一步发挥。     

考古发现的金代定窑瓷器初步探讨

定窑是我国宋代五大名窑之一,以精美的白釉刻花、印花瓷器及支圈覆烧工艺,在中国陶瓷发展史上占有重要地位,并对我国南北方瓷窑产生了深远影响。定窑遗址位于河北省曲阳县涧磁、野北及东西燕山村一带,对定窑遗址的大规模调查和小范围试掘工作始于20世纪50、60年代,当时还发表     

从民族沉沦到民族复兴

从19世纪中叶到21世纪中叶,我们的民族从沉沦到复兴,整整经过200年时间,可以分为六个历史阶段。从这些历史阶段中,可以清楚地读出若干最基本但也是最重要的历史结论:因为各种和平发展的道路全都被堵塞了,才选择了革命的道路;因为各种走资本主义道路的试验都失败了,才最终选择了社会主义;因为各种政治力量都不能领导中国实现民族复兴,只有中国共产党做到了这一点,所以才有"没有共产党就没有新中国"的科学真理;爱国主义和民族精神是实现民族复兴的巨大精神力量;坚持马克思主义中国化的旗帜,坚持中国特色社会主义的道路,坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系,不动摇,不懈怠,不折腾,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的最根本的政治保证。     

行政区划变动中城市区志横排竖写的探索与实践——以《唐山市丰润区志（1978～2005）》为例

以《唐山市丰润区志（1978～2005）》为例,解析断限内政区迭变情况下如何通过分类横排、纵述史实的技巧方法处理城市区志记述问题。为全面记述断限内丰润县、唐山市新区、唐山市丰润区历史与现状,将志稿编修规则定位于宜融则融、宜分则分、以融为主,记述形式为全融式、半融式、平行式,破解了区划变动中的城市区志编纂难题。     

从公元七至十六世纪扶壁栱形制演变看中日建筑渊源

自19世纪末关野贞、伊东忠太等日本学者开始研究东亚美术史以来,在中日两国学者的努力探索下,日本古代建筑直接或间接受中国古代建筑影响而发展演变的观点,已成为中、日两国学术界的共识,通过对比研究中、日古代建筑扶壁棋形制的流变,可以揭示不同时期中、日古代建筑的具体渊源关系,以微观窥全局之一斑,补证既往。     

Microstructural and Componential Characterization of the Plating Technology on Chinese Han Dynasty Bronze Fragments

The bronze wares of the Han Dynasty excavated in Chongqing are decorated with plating patterns, maintaining an exquisite lustre right up to modern times after the covering patina is cleared away. In this paper, a plated fragment of the Han Dynasty from the Wushan County Museum was characterized by combining optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the bronze fragment was gilded with a ~ 3 μm thick gilded layer and a ~ 20 μm thick silvered layer. The high concentration of Hg and Hg‐rich intermetallic compounds confirmed the existence of mercury gilding/silvering technology, for example, Au₉Hg in the gilded layer and Ag₁₃Hg₇ in the silvered layer. An ordered stripe structure was observed in the gilded surface, corresponding to the formation of rod‐like, intermetallic Au–Hg compounds. Specifically, a high concentration of Au was detected in the silvered layer. The exploration of gilded/silvered bronze casts light on this ancient technology and the benefit of identifying, protecting and reproducing it.     

The Siple VLF transmitter as a multi-frequency probe of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide

1983 receptions of subionospheric signals radiated from Siple, Antarctica (L = 4.3) to neighboring stations Palmer (L = 2.3), Halley (L = 4.3), and South Pole (Λ = 74°), each ~ 1500 km from the horizontal (magnetically east-west) VLF transmitting antenna at Siple, were found to be strongly dependent upon azimuth and upon signal frequency. At Palmer, located equatorward in the broadside direction with respect to the antenna, signals near 2.5 kHz were often well defined, while the third harmonic of the transmitted signal, near 7.5 kHz, was not detected. Meanwhile, at Halley, the third harmonic was regularly observed and directionally stable, while the fundamental was often weak or undetectable. The field strength of the third harmonic component at Halley exceeded by ~ 40dB the level of the fundamental, when both were normalized to the same antenna input power. The large size of these effects is attributed in part to antenna properties that favor the endfire direction (toward Halley) at the 3d harmonic of the antenna half wave resonance frequency, and in general provide greater efficiency at higher frequencies. Other factors are high waveguide attenuation in the 2–4 kHz range and azimuth dependent differences in the propagating modes. The observed effects represent a way of extending the effective frequency range of the narrowband Siple antenna system, and also, by using the new crossed dipole configuration at Siple, of selectively probing certain regions of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide.     

不同添加成分对书画装裱浆糊抑菌效果的评价试验

古代文献中著录的各种书画装裱浆糊添加成分中,有一部分具有防腐防霉的功效。本文利用浆糊药液琼脂培养基,对白矾、花椒、白芨、百部、丁香等添加成分进行抑菌效果评价,结果发现,白矾、百部有明显抑菌效果,花椒、丁香有一定抑菌效果,白芨抑菌效果不明显。     

THE DALAI LAMA SHOULD CHANGE HIS TUNE AGAIN AND ALTER HIS PATH An Interview with Mr.Zhu Weiqun by Focus Magazine of Germany

<正>EDITOR'S NOTE:On September 9~(th) of 2009,at the request of the reporters for German magazine Focus,Mr.Zhu Weiqun(executive vice minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee) gave an interview only on the condition that the main text of the interview are published in Focus.On Oct 5,Focus magazine reported this interview,using only 400 words as translated into Chinese.During the two-hour interview,Mr.Zhu Weiqun gave frank answers to the questions raised by these reporters that covered their areas of interest and also questions of worldwide concern.His talk was cut and thrust.Herewith,we would like to publish it in installments.     

《雍正帝观花行乐图》与雍正继位之谜

本文从服饰、礼仪制度入手,解读所谓《雍正帝观花行乐图》的内容和年代,揭示其当为与雍乾继位有重要关系的牡丹台纪恩图。由此重新审视雍正继位问题,指出:少年弘历是雍正争取皇位的重要筹码;雍乾两帝在康熙传位问题上,都宣传康熙传位于他们父子俩,即慎选雍正、默定乾隆。论文还通过对相关史料的分析,对雍正继位疑案和其秘密建储等问题提出作者的看法。     

基于SEA的AGA-SVR节假日客流量预测方法研究

节假日旅游客流量由于游客在短期内大量集中于同一地点、不同节假日休假时间长短、所处季节等不同,呈现复杂非线性特征和明显季节性特点.本文提出一种基于季节指数调整(Seasonal Exponential Adjustment,SEA)的自适应遗传算法(Adaptive Genetic Algorithm,AGA)-支持向量回归 (Support Vector Regression,SVR)预测模型,即基于SEA的AGA-SVR模型,并用国内著名5A级风景区黄山2008~2012年节假日客流量数据对模型进行验证.研究结果表明,基于SEA的AGA-SVR预测模型能够准确处理节假日旅游客流量预测中的非线性和季节性问题,较AGA-SVR和GA-SVR等方法具有更高的预测精度,在旅游预测领域应用前景广阔.     

External Auditory Exostoses and its Relationship to Prehistoric Abalone Harvesting on Santa Rosa Island,California

Bioarchaeological research among prehistoric Pacific Coast populations has shown that external auditory exostoses (EAE) are found in high frequencies. On California's northern Channel Islands archaeological research has demonstrated that there was an intense exploitation of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), particularly between ~8000 and 3500 years ago. If the Island Chumash were free‐diving for red abalone in subtidal waters, EAE should be prevalent in prehistoric populations from Santa Rosa Island. We recorded the presence or absence, number, side and severity of EAE growths for 207 adult individuals from three time periods on Santa Rosa Island. Our results show that ~11% of the total population was affected, including 22.5% of males and ~3.4% of females. The incidence among females increases from 0% in the Early period, to 2.6% in the Middle period, and 6.8% in the Late period. Overall these are lower rates than those reported for other Channel Island and Pacific Coast sites. Given the relatively low percentage of Santa Rosa Islanders affected with EAE, red abalones may have been harvested primarily in shallow waters rather than the deeper subtidal zone. Our data suggest that gender differences in food procurement activities existed on Santa Rosa Island throughout prehistory, congruent with the argument that EAE is an activity‐induced pathology that occurs with prolonged exposure to cold water and wind conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现代大众政治的兴起与其欧洲国际政治效应

以选民范围急剧扩大为主要的直接由来,中、西欧国家政治在19世纪末至20世纪初年普遍转变为现代大众政治。与此相伴,公众舆论对国家对外政策的影响变得显和频繁;各类(特别是殖民、经济和军事三类)利益集团积极干预甚至操纵对外政策的形成;很大程度上植根于大众非理性情感、并且多半由大众传媒表述和助长的极端民族主义和帝国主义则构成欧洲及世界政治中的一大恶性力量。总之,现代大众政治的兴起是欧洲传统外交和国际政治变更的一项重要原因。     

新疆阿斯塔那唐墓出土彩塑的制作工艺和颜料分析

新疆阿斯塔那古墓群出土了大量的彩塑,为了解其制作工艺与彩绘颜料成分,采用显微激光拉曼光谱,结合剖面观察和能量色散X射线荧光光谱等科技手段,对出土于唐墓的6个样品进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,泥胎表面先用硬石膏做打底层,再施以彩绘,且彩绘颜料厚薄有异.所使用的红、黄、黑、白和绿色颜料有铅丹、密陀僧、朱砂和土红、雌黄、炭黑、硬石膏及氯铜矿等无机颜料,而粉色彩绘是由铅丹(或铅丹和密陀僧的混合物)与硬石膏调和而成,且密陀僧作为彩绘颜料在新疆是较早的发现.其最为重要的发现是蓝色彩绘为植物性染料——靛蓝.这一研究结果,为进一步的彩塑修复与保护方案的制订提供了有价值参考.