梁启超《中国之美文及其历史》的整理问题

梁启超的《中国之美文及其历史》属于生前未完之作,死后由人整理出版,但其章节的编排存在问题,本文对其整个卷章结构进行了还原。     

The American Palestine Exploration Society and the Survey of Eastern Palestine

Abstract

The Survey of Western Palestine, carried out from 1871 to 1878 by the Palestine Exploration Fund, has become one of the central pieces of scientific research for this region. From its outset, it was conceived as one half of a two-fold project, the other being a survey conducted in the same manner in Transjordan. The Society that was to undertake this, in collaboration with the PEF and their work in Western Palestine, was the American Palestine Exploration Society (APES), founded in 1870. However, by the autumn of 1877, the APES had ceased to exist, and their survey was never widely published. As the first American Society to focus on the Levant as an area of study, the APES is significant, despite its failure to produce a map of lasting value. Many of the founding members went on to be significant players in later, more successful American ventures, notably the American School of Oriental Research. The PEF's archives hold a record of the relationship between the APES in New York, and the PEF in London, and chart the fortunes of the two societies, and their endeavours to map the region east of the Jordan.     

晚明书院结群现象研究——东林书院网络的构成、宗旨与形成

晚明书院以东林为最著,而东林从来不是一个独立孤立的书院,环绕在它附近有一大批书院和文会。从而在环太湖沿岸的吴中地区形成一个书院网络。这一网络以克服无善无恶论为其宗旨,以讲会为最常用的联结方式。书院网络的形成过程实际上也是东林学派的形成过程,是个人治学手段泛化为群体思维方式的过程。     

史前文化时期埃及和巴勒斯坦的关系

公元前四千年埃及和巴勒斯坦地区的关系按时间顺序大体可以分成通过中间人的贸易;双边直接贸易;大规模的团体贸易和埃及对巴勒斯坦地区实行的殖民活动等四个阶段。埃及和巴勒斯坦之间的贸易联系。特别是前者对后者的殖民统治是其成为近东帝国的首要条件。然而在接下来的公元前三千年．埃及放弃了对巴勒斯坦南部的统治,于是一种新型的双边关系在埃及和青铜文化早期二期的巴勒斯坦之间建立了起来。这一新型关系就是较为平等的商业贸易关系：     

Kathleen Ritzpatrick (1905-1990), Margaret Kiddle (1914-1958) and Australian history after the Second World War

This article explores the pioneering efforts of two Australian historians, Margaret Kiddle and Kathleen Fitzpatrick, to place issues of women and gender centrally in a narrative of Australia's past. While they were not the first women to enter the history profession in Australia, both women made a significant mark on the Australian history profession in the years after World War II. Furthermore, their first books represent the earliest scholarly Australian works in which women appeared as central figures. Their achievement was initially overlooked by feminists of the 1970s, but in retrospect can be viewed as a first step in subverting the dominant masculinity of Australian national identity.     

Size and shape of the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), with a view to the reconstruction of its Holocene history

Abstract

A large assortment of skulls and skeletons of recent wild boar (Sus scrofa) from across the world has been used to collect tooth and bone measurements that can be compared to those from archaeological specimens. The data provide useful information for a reconstruction of the Holocene history of the species. The evidence collected so far highlights the great variability of the species and provides a baseline to be used for the interpretation of ancient material. It is shown that not only the size, but also the shape of teeth and mandibles can help in highlighting patterns of variability in wild boar from different areas. A number of geographic trends are identified in the variation of S. scrofa across its range, mainly concerning the differentiation of insular forms, and the existence of South–North and West–East clines. Other factors such as hybridisation with domestic stock, feralisation and human-induced movement of animals may also play an important role. A comparison with ancient material emphasises the existence of similarities as well as differences between modern and ancient populations. Although some of the geographic trends identified on the basis of the analysis of modern material seem to date back to early Holocene times, the morphological history of the species appears to be complex, and in more than one area fluctuations in body size seem to have occurred.     

犹太战争与巴勒斯坦罗马化之两难

政治上屡屡失意的犹太民族虽劫难重重,却始终生生不息。犹太历史经验的这种独特性表明劫难并不意味着毁灭,只要一种传统能在劫难中不断调整与适应,它就不会为自己早早地写下墓志铭。公元66年-70年的犹太战争便是犹太史上具有深远影响的劫难之一。