The other cold war: the United States and Greenland’s ice sheet environment, 1948–1966

During the early Cold War, no part of the Arctic was as important to the United States’ strategic interests as Greenland: situated on the shortest straight-line route between the industrial centers of the two superpowers, Greenland was integral to North American continental security. The US desire to control Greenland, however, was complicated by the island’s isolated geography, harsh climate and barren landscape. Between 1948 and 1966, US forces in Greenland were entrenched in the ‘other cold war’: the struggle with the ice sheet environment which threatened to impede American capabilities in the region. This paper explores the ‘other cold war’ through two case studies: US scientific efforts to understand and cope with polar whiteouts and the plastic deformation of ice. These case studies illuminate a struggle between two philosophical approaches to nature: a brash, aggressive approach which aimed to conquer the Greenland environment, and a more nuanced approach which aimed to collaborate with that environment. I show that the second approach won out as Greenland’s exceptional geography and environment forced the US military to reassess its relationship with nature: rather than striving for control over the island space, US military personnel ultimately chose strategic cooperation with that space.     

Gowin's Knowledge Vee and the Integration of Philosophy and Methodology: A Case Study

This paper reflects upon the five case studies that comprise the collection on the theme of 'teaching geography to non-geographers'. Key themes are discussed and an agenda for pedagogic research is outlined.     

Professional Standards and Values for University Teachers of Geography

This paper introduces the theme of 'teaching geography to non-geographers'. It is set against the context of learning and teaching with the 'Other' in geography. At the outset a working definition of a 'non-geographer' is provided. The resource and pedagogical implications arising from teaching geography to non-geographers are then outlined. Finally, the contributions to this broader debate from the five case studies that comprise this JGHE symposium are summarised.     

试论高校地理专业人文地理学的教学改革

依据7所高校地理专业课程设置的分析,可以发现我国高校地理专业人文地理学课程体系基本形成,《人文地理学》、《经济地理学》、《中国地理》、《世界地理》等课程成为人文地理学的核心课程。各高校根据自身特点,通过多种方式和途径,开设了涉及目前人文地理学发展较为成熟领域的课程。《人文地理学》的课程性质决定了它在人文地理学课程群中的总括地位,该课程的教学重点应该在于阐述人文地理学的基本理论、基本方法。课程性质和教学重点对教材提出了要求,我国不同时期出版的教材各具特色,但随着高校地理专业人文地理学课程体系日趋合理,《人文地理学》教材应与《人文地理学》课程性质和功能相一致。人文地理学外业实践教学不可或缺,但目前仍较薄弱,有待加强。人文地理学外业实践教学应以人地关系地域系统理论为指导思想,选择较为典型、富有代表性的地域进行。     

Problems and Possibilities of Delivering 'Footloose' Geography: The case for space

Within the UK Higher Education system, geography is sometimes taught outside the framework of a conventional geography degree programme. Using a case study of the situation at Napier University, Edinburgh, this paper explores the problems and possibilities of delivering 'footloose' geography within a broadly, but not exclusively, social science context.     

British hospitality for an unfortunate prince: the Duc de Bordeaux's visit to Britain as an early test of the entente cordiale, 1843–4

In the summer of 1843, Anglo-French relations thawed in the wake of the British and French royal families' meeting at the Château d'Eu in Normandy. Members of both governments began to speak of the good understanding, or entente cordiale, between them, and much of the existing historiography points out that by 1844, what proved to be a fragile arrangement was under some pressure. However, mere months after the Eu visit, another royal visit threatened the entente, that of King Louis Philippe's exiled great-nephew, the Bourbon pretender Henri, Duc de Bordeaux (later known as the Comte de Chambord), to Britain. Owing to Britain's tradition of allowing entry to foreigners, Bordeaux was able to enter Britain freely, whilst the British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, and the Foreign Secretary, Lord Aberdeen, argued that his visit would have little political consequence. Rather, Bordeaux and his suite intended to make political demonstrations. These activities and Aberdeen's willingness to believe professions to the contrary deeply offended the French government. Aberdeen was eventually forced to admonish Bordeaux and his suite. Although the dispute was amicably resolved, it almost fatally undermined the entente soon after its inception.     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

人文地理学的历史概况与我国人文地理学的发展

本文探索人文地理学从十九世纪中叶以来的发展特点。重点在于介绍人文地理学在发展新的理论、新的方法和新的部门所取得的意义。
人文地理学在我国是随着二十年代开始的近代地理教育而发展的。本文还讨论了我国不同时期人文地理学发展的特点以及城市地理、人口地理、旅游地理和历史地理在七十年代后所取得的进展。此外,该文还提出政治地理,文化地理、行为地理等部门的研究仍然比较落后。最后,该文对人文地理学各部门今后发展作了预测。     

中国文化地理研究的回顾与展望

本文对上个世纪中叶以来有关中国文化起源和源地、中外文化交流和文化传播、中国文化与环境,以及近时期有关文化地理的理论和实际方面的研究进行了回顾;同时对未来的研究做了展望,以期促进这一学科在中国的发展和研究进程。     

Whither Geography? A Response to Finlayson's Concerns

Prompted by Brian Finlayson's editorial, titled ‘Whither (or Wither?) Geography’, I am reminded that a review of the discipline's status and directions would be timely, using the 2002 Australia‐wide reviews in this journal as benchmarks. I welcome the thoughtful proposal for a disciplinary report to the Academy of Science recently prepared by Alaric Maude on behalf of the National Committee for Geography. I take the view that the three central issues are: firstly, flux in the discipline's ‘external relations’ in an era of interdisciplinarity, cross‐disciplinary mergers, instrumentalism, and budgetary constraints; secondly, flux in ‘internal relations’ involving subdisciplines and subcultures: and thirdly, flux in ‘vertical relations’ involving the links between secondary and tertiary Geography. It is instructive to note that the earliest disciplinary reviews, up to the 1980s, were solely directed towards bibliographic celebrations of research directions whereas recent reviews, of necessity, have been focussed on pressing issues concerning ‘Whither Geography?’. Alaric's proposal will also be issue focussed, with its emphasis on relevance and on contributions of national significance.     

《清史稿·地理志》巡检司项校正

巡检司是清代最基层的国家行政机构之一,在社会治安和公共事务方面具有极重要的职能。《清史稿.地理志》以宣统三年(1911年)为限,对全国各府、厅、州、县巡检司的设置作了记载,但讹误、疏漏较为严重,本文将其中111处失误依致误原因归纳为七类:不明巡检司废置年代而误;不明巡检司归属而误;不明巡检司名称而误;漏记;误驿丞兼巡检事为巡检司;存疑;点校之误,每类下又分若干种情形,一一作了校正。     

1990年以来中国乡村地理学研究进展

本文首先简要回顾了1990年以前中国乡村地理学的发展概况,然后从基础理论的发展、土地利用、经济、聚落、城市化、景观、文化、空间八个方面对1990年以来中国乡村地理学的主要研究内容进行了简略阐述。这一时期的研究紧跟乡村发展实际,在广度和深度上都有所拓展,众多学科的参与也使得内容与方法更加充实。但总的来看目前中国乡村地理学还很薄弱,许多基本问题还有待于学术界进一步研究。文章最后对其未来发展做出了展望。     

城市刑事犯罪地理初探——以甘肃省为例

本文简要回顾了国内外城市犯罪地理研究近况。以甘肃省为例分析了城市刑事犯罪现象的分布特征与区间差异,用灰色系统关联度方法讨论刑事犯罪率与城市社会经济诸因素间关系、以解释犯罪现象的地理分布规律及区间差异原因。     

西方文化地理研究的研究取向、资料搜集与展示方式——基于《Social & Cultural Geography》刊载论文的内容分析

采用内容分析的方法,对2008、2009年所刊载论文的资料搜集方法、分析方法、佐证材料类型进行了统计.研究发现:西方文化地理研究更倾向于定性研究的取向,强调研究者本身挖掘社会素材的能力和诠释材料的智慧和客观性.在资料搜集与展示方面,西方学者更加倾向于进行实地研究,多采用参与式观察、访谈等多种方式获取大量的资料,善用文字资料、照片等多种证据来证明研究的信度和效度.本研究希望通过西方经典文化地理文献的梳理,引起国内研究人员对定性研究取向的重视,以及对文本资料、照片等证据作为学术研究成果表达方式的重视.     

Migration and adaptation of popular Balladry in the US Appalachian region

Scottish ballads were carried to isolated hamlets in the Appalachian Mountains of North America through successive waves of migration in the 17th and 18th centuries. The cultural diffusion of ballad singing underwent divergence as the songs were transmitted orally. Place names, local festivals, and current events were especially plastic components of this process. In the beginning of the 20th century, the intrusion of the radio and rural disturbances brought about by the coal industry functioned as barriers to cultural transmission of the ballads. Even so, songs were kept alive as evidenced by the metamorphosis of My Boy Tammie into Billy Boy and the more recent resurrection of The Elfin Knight into popular culture as Scarborough Fair by Simon and Garfunkel. The relationship between orality and literacy is multi‐faceted and difficult to categorise and evaluate.     

显学的背后:沈垚西北史地学述论

本文通过对沈垚西北史地研究经历的回溯,从一个侧面考察了清代学术史上被后人称为显学的道光年间西北史地研究学术活动的进行过程。认为因中国传统学术特点影响、受中国社会条件所限,当时的西北史地研究者缺乏实地考察手段与科学实测技术的支持,他们的研究不可避免地走向文献考索,研究中的经世意义有所消减。