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Shireen Mahdavi 《Iranian studies》2014,47(2):305-326
The history of children in general and that of Persian children in particular is that of the inarticulate. The social history of Iran is a neglected field although in recent decades a preponderance of material has appeared on the history of women. Aside from this no work has been undertaken on the private life of the period including childhood and family life. This article examines various aspects of the position and upbringing of children in Qajar Iran ranging from the rearing of children to their status in the family, discipline, amusements and education. This investigation attempts to cover the childhood of different sexes and social classes both in rural and urban areas. The discussion is limited to Shi'i children, the majority population of Iran. 相似文献
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Shireen Mahdavi 《Iranian studies》2012,45(3):355-370
The social history of Iran in general and that of the Qajar era in particular, has been little studied. The subject of this paper, private life in the late Qajar period, has barely been touched upon, probably because it is a subject on which there is not much primary material. There are no comprehensive accounts of people's daily lives of any class or occupation. In this article an attempt is made to give an account of the daily domestic life and activities of the household in the Qajar period. As there were major differences between the daily life and households of urban and rural areas, the discussion is limited to urban areas and Shi'i households. The article discusses the roles of the various members of the household as well as the consumption patterns of the family and those from inside or outside the household who catered to its needs. 相似文献
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Dominic Parviz Brookshaw 《Iranian studies》2013,46(1):17-48
This study examines the poetry of two women of nineteenth-century Iran—one royal, one non-royal—and the women patrons for whom they composed praise poetry. Through the reconstruction of female-centered patronage networks and associated female-only performance venues, and via an examination of the active roles played by female patrons both in affairs of state and in the management of the immense royal harem, this study highlights the various ways in which members of several generations of women in Qajar Iran were involved in the production, dissemination and appreciation of poetry. It is argued here that these patronage and poetry production networks should be read as evidence of a female-centered literary tradition, one that was in dialogue with (and often intersected) the dominant male tradition; one that empowered the women actors within it to create a sisterhood of poets through which their art could be passed on from mother to daughter, and from daughter to granddaughter (and occasionally from mother to son). 相似文献
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Saghar Sadeghian 《Iranian studies》2016,49(6):973-996
Uniquely among the world’s temperate forests, much of the vegetation of the Caspian forests is now endangered. But while deforestation has accelerated in Iran, these processes were actually underway in the nineteenth century. This article offers a brief introduction to the history of forest exploitation and concessions during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, addressing actions taken by the Iranian state to protect and extend forest cover, but also the deficiencies of that legislation and the reasons for its failure. Though it is one of the most forested countries in the Middle East, Iran’s forests remain understudied. Existing scholarship mostly addresses the contemporary period; this paper extends the scope of our knowledge, offering a deeper history of forest exploitation in Iran. 相似文献
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The article examines the parameters of the irregular army in Qajar Iran, including its assembly, numbers, and provisions, as well as the army's organizational structure: its administration and the divisions of the ad hoc forces (provincial militia and tribal cavalry) and of the standing forces (the shah's bodyguard and artillery corps). Until the creation of the so-called regular army units in Iran at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the irregular army was regarded as the only military force in the service of the Qajar dynasty. Despite the existence of a “regular army,” irregular forces, particularly tribal cavalry, continued to play a significant role in Iran's military system throughout the nineteenth century. By understanding the features of the irregular army—its role in Qajar society, its organizational and social structures, its ethnic composition, and other characteristics—we can better understand the character of the state itself. 相似文献
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Diana Carrió-Invernizzi 《国际历史评论》2013,35(4):603-618
Diplomatic history has undergone profound alterations during the last century. According to the old model built by Mattingly in 1955, diplomatic history was the analysis of international and political relations within a national context. Subsequent studies analysed how diplomacy evolved towards a more institutionalised and professional scheme (established in eighteenth-century European diplomacy). However, was this conclusion an inevitable one for Early Modern and Baroque diplomacy? This essay intends to retrace the steps that have been taken towards a new history of diplomacy, by early-modern historians in general, and by Spanish historiography in particular, as well as to assess the idea that what made a difference for Spanish Baroque diplomacy was the extent of networks that allowed cultural transference, the capacity to influence others, rather than the institutional extent of connections and practices. Which people or processes promoted the circulation of ideas, information, and culture, within and outside the Spanish monarchy, during the seventeenth century? This question will form the focus of the second part of this essay, in which the author analyses several specific cases of Spanish ambassadors in Europe: their networks of communication, their building of stereotypes, their informal diplomatic practices, and their use of ceremonial practices. 相似文献
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By bringing to bear previously unstudied Soviet archival documents and conducting firsthand interviews with former diplomats, the article traces the ways in which the Soviet Union sought out opportunities to reinvigorate deteriorated Soviet?Iranian ties through cultural organizations and events in Iran during the decades following World War II. A variety of Soviet cultural representatives—from wrestlers to classical musicians to scholars of Iranian literature—were marshaled for this effort, which bore unexpected fruit considering the modest expectations of the Soviet leadership, ideological differences between the two countries, and increasingly dominant US cultural projection. The connections between cultural ties and state goals, Iranian perceptions of Russia, and the Soviet/Russian sympathies of some members of the shah’s government are among sub-themes examined. 相似文献
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Cecile Jackson 《Development and change》2012,43(5):999-1023
This article aims to unsettle some taken‐for‐granted ideas about speech and power, to argue against taking testimony ‘at face value’ without reflecting also on silence, on the forms and techniques of talk, on embodied communication, and on the complex ways in which interests are expressed and animated. It argues that treating direct testimony in public political institutions as a metric of gender inequality may be another example of the distortions that follow from an uncritical adoption of an unmarked male template of speech as universal standard. The article aims thereby to improve the way development researchers ‘hear’, and how practitioners think about ‘participation’. 相似文献
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Peter Robertshaw 《Journal of World Prehistory》2010,23(4):255-269
The concept of the segmentary state was proposed by Southall, based on ethnographic fieldwork among the Alur people of Uganda,
and subsequently applied elsewhere, notably to the putative ancient kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. Archaeological research, summarized
here, has demonstrated that ancient Bunyoro-Kitara was not a segmentary state; indeed, neither was the political system of
the Alur. The Nyoro state of the nineteenth century shows a complex interplay of political sovereignty and ritual suzerainty
and of accommodation and resistance to central authority. This is understood through examination of the concepts of instrumental
and creative power, the latter particularly relevant to negotiations concerning the status of women. The archaeological record
of this region is then explored for evidence of earlier expressions of instrumental and creative power. Finally, the paper
shows how the archaeological record of Munsa is itself an arena for modern political struggles in which protagonists harness
different forms of power. 相似文献
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Norman A. Graebner 《Perspectives on Political Science》2013,42(2):104-113
Abstract Wilson, James Q. The Moral Sense New York: Free Press 313 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-02-935405-6 Publication Date: 1993 Dionne, E. J., Jr. Why Americans Hate Politics New York: Simon &; Schuster 430 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-671-68255-5 Publication Date: May 1991 Nelson, Michael, ed. The Elections of 1992 Washington, DC: CQ Press 192 pp., $15.95 paper, ISBN 0-87187-657-4 Publication Date: March 1993 Aaron, Henry J. and Charles L. Schultze, eds. Setting Domestic Priorities: What Can Government Do? Washington, DC: Brookings Institution 318 pp., $32.95, ISBN 0-8157-0054-7 Publication Date: September 1992 Norrander, Barbara Super Tuesday: Regional Politics and Presidential Primaries Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky 239 pp., $29.00, ISBN 0-8131-1773-9 Publication Date: March 1992 Fried, Charles Order and Law: Arguing the Reagan Revolution: A Firsthand Account New York: Simon &; Schuster 256 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-671-72575-0 Publication Date: April 1991 Hrebenar, Ronald J. and Clive S. Thomas, eds. Interest Group Politics in the Northeastern States University Park, PA: Penn State Press 404 pp., $55.00 cloth, $18.95 paper, ISBN 0-271-00900-4 cloth, ISBN 0-271-00901-2 paper Publication Date: September 1993 Snowball, David Continuity and Change in the Rhetoric of the Moral Majority New York: Praeger 200 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-275-93689-9 Publication Date: March 1991 Sadofsky, David The Question of Privacy in Public Policy: An Analysis of the Reagan-Bush Era Westport, CT: Praeger 198 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-275-94300-3 Publication Date: July 1993 Gentry, Curt J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets New York: Norton 846 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-393-02404-0 Publication Date: September 1991 Stettner, Edward A. Shaping Modern Liberalism: Herbert Croly and Progressive Thought Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 225 pp., $29.92, ISBN 0-7006-0580-0 Publication Date: April 1993 Kerr, Clark The Great Transformation in Higher Education 1960-1980 Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 383 pp., ISBN 0-7914-0511-7 Publication Date: 1991 Fuchs, Ester R. Mayors and Money: Fiscal Policy in New York and Chicago Chicago: University of Chicago Press 361 pp., $15.95 paper, ISBN 0-226-26791-1 Publication Date: June 1992 Raskin, Marcus G. Essays of a Citizen: From National Security State to Democracy Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 330 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-87332-764-0 Publication Date: September 1991 Vernon, Raymond, Debora L. Spar, and Glenn Tobin Iron Triangles and Revolving Doors: Cases in U.S. Foreign Economic Policymaking Westport, CT: Praeger 184 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-275-93926-X Publication Date: September 1991 Pastor, Robert A. Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 338 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-691-08651-6 Publication Date: 1992 Desch, Michael C. When the Third World Matters: Latin America and United States Grand Strategy Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 218 pp., $38.50, ISBN 0-8018-4552-1 Publication Date: September 1993 Stoetzer, O. Carlos The Organization of American States, Second Ed. New York: Praeger 443 pp., $65.00, ISBN 0-275-93633-3 Publication Date: May 1993 McAdams, A. James Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 250 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-691-07892-0 Publication Date: 1993 Ruderman, David B., ed. Essential Papers on Jewish Culture in Renaissance and Baroque Italy New York: New York University Press 512 pp., $60.00 cloth, $25.00 paper, ISBN 0-8147-7419-9 cloth. ISBN 0-8147-7420-2 paper Publication Date: April 1992 Sprinzak, Ehud and Larry Diamond, eds. Israeli Democracy under Stress Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 385 pp., $45.00 cloth, $16.95 paper, ISBN 1-55587-378-2 cloth, ISBN 1-55587-380-4 paper Publication Date: June 1993 Hsiung, James C, ed. Asia Pacific in the New World Politics Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 273 pp., $42.00 cloth, $18.95 paper, ISBN 1-55587-323-5 cloth, ISBN 1-55587-355-3 paper Publication Date: 1993 McCord, William The Dawn of the Pacific Century: Implications for Three Worlds of Development New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 222 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-88738-367-X Publication Date: April 1991 Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore Southeast Asian Affairs 1990 Boulder, CO: Westview 395 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-8133-1231-0 Publication Date: February 1991 Wight, Gabriele and Brian Porter, eds. International Theory: The Three Traditions New York: Holmes and Meier 286 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-8419-1325-0 Publication Date: January 1992 Laurance, Edward J. The International Arms Trade New York: Lexington Books 245 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-669-19928-1 Publication Date: 1992 Siverson, Randolph M. and Harvey Starr The Diffusion of War: A Study of Opportunity and Willingness Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press 160 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-472-10247-8 Publication Date: August 1991 Kennedy, Paul, ed. Grand Strategies in War and Peace New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 228 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0-300-04944-7 Publication Date: June 1991 Hackett, Clifford Cautious Revolution: The European Community Arrives New York: Praeger 240 pp., $42.95, ISBN 0-275-93605-8 Publication Date: 1990 Bertsch, Gary and Steven Elliott-Gower The Impact of Governments on East-West Economic Relations New York: New York University Press 407 pp., $75.00, ISBN 0-8147-1159-6 Publication Date: May 1991 Barry, Brian Liberty and Justice: Essays in Political Theory 2 New York: Oxford University Press 297 pp., ISBN 0-19-827299-5 Publication Date: 1991 相似文献