地方记忆:空间感知基点影响地方依恋的关键因素

本文研究了空间感知基点的改变影响地方依恋持续性的关键因素。研究表明:①一个地方进行空间要素的形式改建、位置移动或色彩变换会导致空间感知基点的变化,进而引发地方依恋的减弱或中断,因变化后的空间物质要素和人们的地方记忆不符,从而引起地方的不认同。②当环境感知基点的改变迎合了人们的心理或某些功能需求后,地方记忆对地方依恋的支配地位便受到影响,因而依恋不会显著降低且可能增强。③地方记忆包括童年记忆,校园记忆和成年记忆,且内容一般与休闲活动相关,其中前两类最不容受侵犯。     

段义孚的地方空间思想研究

地方与空间思想是段义孚人文主义地理学的核心,以人的生存为旨归,从人的感官、感情、美学的多重维度,揭示人与地方、空间两种地理环境的本质联系,呈现了人类认识地方、认识空间、重构地方的崭新视角。本文从思想内涵、历史渊源、学界评价及影响、当代价值方面对段义孚的地方空间思想进行了体系性与初步理论建构式研究,认为段义孚地方空间理论以人为本,地方是具有既定价值的安全中心,代表着真实与安定;空间跟时间一样,构成人类生活的基本坐标,代表着向往与自由。二者对立统一,在人的生存中相辅相成、缺一不可,人类生活就是穿梭于地方与空间的辩证运动,揭示了人与生存环境的本质关系,蕴含深厚的人文关怀。有助于人们进一步探讨人与地方和空间的内在联系,改善人的生存环境,为缓解身份危机和环境危机、维护精神生态和环境生态提供新的理念。     

历史层累视角下的地方形成机制探讨——以北京东高村镇为例

在工业空间的演替过程中,地方是如何形成的?这是地理学探究的问题。本文结合多琳·梅西地方历史层累理论,以北京平谷东高村镇为例,采用访谈方法,调查当地不同时期和同时期内各种动力对该镇地方性的影响。结论表明:资本作用和提琴技艺传承的能动性是决定东高村镇是否保持地方性的关键。本文认为:第一,一个地方历史层累的过程可以视为资本在当地的积累过程。第二,经济层与文化层的互动,以及多元主体的进入,使得原本不构成地方性的制琴技艺,试图转化成为地方性知识传承创新系统。第三,地方还由层内不同行动者与资本结构的博弈产生,一旦行动者无法突破资本结构的束缚,将导致地方性削弱。     

Geographies of Responsibility

Abstract Issues of space, place and politics run deep. There is a long history of the entanglement of the conceptualisation of space and place with the framing of political positions. The injunction to think space relationally is a very general one and, as this collection indicates, can lead in many directions. The particular avenue to be explored in this paper concerns the relationship between identity and responsibility, and the potential geographies of both.     

Offshoreness, Globalization and Sovereignty: A Postmodern Geo-Political Economy?

Processes of globalization rework sovereignty as the ordering principle of the international political economy, creating new geographies of power. Such a reworking is most apparent offshore, a site where sovereignty is unbundled. The principle of sovereignty is maintained in the offshore financial centres' legal sovereignty but relinquished in terms of their fiscal powers. This unbundling articulates the state system and the capitalist economy. Such an unbundling is possible because sovereignty is based upon property rights. Changes in the practices and understandings of property rights change the meaning of sovereignty, altering the principle of differentiation which shapes the international political economy. In this way, the paradoxical marginality and centrality of offshoreness to the dynamics of the international political economy is explained.     

关于“乡愁”的空间道德和地方道德评价

乡愁涉及空间和地方,且与人之情感密切关联,故关于乡愁的研究与地理学密切相关。文化的重要功能之一就是指引人们的空间实践。文化地理学的任务之一则是从文化上理解和评判空间和地方的现象。本文分析立场是人文主义地理学,以及由之派生的道德地理学。本文从空间和地方两个维度分析乡愁的背后的道德,并列举了较为成功的乡愁实践案例。归纳出的结论有三:第一,乡愁的道德具有大小、距离、移动性的空间维度。第二,乡愁的道德具有身体层面、经验层面和社会建构层面的地方性质。第三,无论是空间道德评价还是地方道德评价,都在回答对自己、对他者、对自然的态度,在评判留住乡愁的空间规划实践是否\"合理\"。本文最后提出了文化地理学关于乡愁空间道德和地方道德的分析框架,以供读者讨论。     

地理学的安全感研究:基于地点的综合理解、应用及展望

安全是人们对日常生活空间的基本需求,安全感则反映了人们希望免于危险的主观感知。20世纪90年代以来,基于地点的安全感研究成为社会地理学及其相关学科的重要议题,学者们重视探索地点的物理、社会-文化环境特征与人的安全需求、生活质量之间的关系。运用地点理论开展安全感研究,一方面倡导建构具有情感、价值、意义的安全地点,另一方面为预防犯罪的跨学科安全空间综合研究提供了平台,促使人文地理学通过整合社会学、环境心理学等学科的研究成果完善社会-生活空间理论,提高人们的社会-生活空间质量。本文通过回顾地理学、社会学、犯罪学、环境心理学等相关学科对犯罪地理与安全感的主要研究成果,梳理了不同学科的研究兴趣及其最新进展;在此基础上讨论了人文地理学基于地点理论研究安全感的主要方向及趋势,旨在建构基于地点理论的安全地理学研究框架,为人文地理学社会-生活空间研究提供借鉴。     

城市娱乐场所感知空间研究

伴随城市社会、经济的快速发展,城市居民生活方式发生着深刻地变化。城市娱乐消费已逐渐成为大多数人们日常生活的重要方面,对于城市娱乐场所的研究越来越受到城市社会学和城市地理学等学者的重视。为促进城市空间结构和城市社会生活和谐发展,创造良好的城市生活质量,提升城市价值,本文立足于人文主义的角度,运用行为学和心理学的研究手段,以人文地理学的社区和场所体系为基础,全面探讨了居民对城市娱乐场所的空间感知。     

Looking through the learning disability lens: inclusive education and the learning disability embodiment

Inclusion as an educational approach for students with disabilities is a widely debated topic. The concept of inclusion is often referred to as a philosophy that all pupils – regardless of ability and other differences – should be included within age-appropriate community schools [Stainback, S.B. and Stainback, W. eds., 1996. Inclusion: a guide for educators. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Artiles, A.J. and Kozleski, E.B., 2007. Beyond convictions: interrogating culture, history, and power in inclusive education. Language Arts, 84 (4), 357–365]. This educational approach has been scrutinized for its capacity to meet the needs of students with and without disabilities Lindsay, G., 2003. Inclusive education: a critical perspective. British journal of special education, 30 (1), 3–12; Kauffman, J.M. and Hallahan, D.P., 2005 Kauffman, J. M. and Hallahan, D. P. 2005. Special education: what it is and why we need it, Toronto, , Canada: Pearson.  [Google Scholar]. Special education: what it is and why we need it. Toronto, Canada: Pearson; McPhail, J.C. and Freeman, J.C., 2005. Beyond prejudice: thinking towards genuine inclusion. Learning disability research and practice, 20 (4), 254–267]. However, as Bodgan and Taylor [1990. Looking at the bright side: a positive approach to qualitative policy and evaluation research. Qualitative sociology, 13 (2), 183–192.] point out, the ‘does it work’ framework for analyzing inclusion programs for persons with disabilities is not beneficial to practitioners and researchers who believe that ‘integration into society is a moral question rather than an empirical one’ (p. 187). Instead of questioning whether inclusion ‘works’ or is ‘effective’ for students with learning disabilities (SLD), this study uses a critical geography perspective to examine from the SLDs' perspective how educational spaces are as socially and discursively constructed as places of inclusion and exclusion. This paper also examines interest in how these constructions of places are situated in relation to provincial and regional inclusive education policies.     

Regions Unbound: Towards a new Politics of Place

Abstract This paper proposes a non‐territorial reading of a politics of place. Focusing on the politics of contemporary regionalism, it argues that globalisation and the general rise of a society of transnational flows and networks no longer allow a conceptualisation of place politics in terms of spatially bound processes and institutions. The second part of the paper outlines an alternative politics of place that works with the varied distanciated geographies that cut across a given region.     

旅游地景与地方的关联机理初探——基于空间与文化的交汇视角

对landscape旅游景观的判读传统由来已久。文章对landscape同源异形的景观与地景两种译法进行了比较,区分了旅游景观与旅游地景的异同,并将旅游地景分为\"成为的\"旅游地景、\"再造的\"旅游地景和\"创造的\"旅游地景。选用地景主要是考虑对其原意的尊重、强调土地在中华文明中的重要地位及重视其传导的地方性信息。研究从有形的空间与无形的文化相交汇的视角来探讨旅游地景与地方的关联机理,认为空间视角下的旅游地景与地方是\"依附中的割裂\"关系,文化视角下的地方与旅游地景则呈现出\"渗透下的不可控\"的关系。研究提出了处理旅游地景与地方关系的理想模式,即由多方均衡参与的基础支持和内外融合的策略来实现神形兼备的目标的全方位一体化融入模式。