乾隆朝引见文官籍贯、出身及相关问题分析——兼与雍正朝引见文官比较

本文通过对乾隆朝引见文官地理分布、职官层级、科举出身等因素的分析,认为政治人材分布越往下层政区越不平衡,京畿和江南是两个最重要的人材核心区域,乾隆朝旗人和杭州府人材地位比雍正朝更突出,笔帖式在乾隆朝更受重用。乾隆朝引见文官的科甲比率总体高于雍正朝,但乾隆朝贡生以下低学历出身者占据中上层职位的比例却高于科甲人员,省区官员的科甲比重与该省区官员比重大致成反比。各项分析表明旗人和京畿区域人材占据选官优势。     

清代引见履历档案的史料价值——以雍正朝为例

在北京中国第一历史档案馆(以下简称“一史馆”)里收藏着五万多份官员引见履历文书,本文拟对它的形成及其独具的史料价值作简单的说明。 一、引见制度与履历文书的形成 清代的引见制度在顺治朝创立,康、雍、乾三朝屡加充实,雍正帝尤其重视引见官员,发布的有关诏令较多,形成的引见履     

康熙雍正时期捐纳考析

对清代捐纳制度的考鉴性研究,当首推许大龄先生1947年在燕大的硕士学位论《清代捐纳制度》。清代官员的引见履正和题本书对捐纳行为每有记载,本试图利用雍正朝引见官员履正和题本等相关资料对康熙、雍正时期的捐纳制度作番考析,以为许的释。     

雍正引见绿营武官的相关问题

本文在考辨官员引见资料的基础上,结合相关史料,对雍正朝引见的绿营武官的籍贯、民族、身份、年龄等问题作了详尽的数据表列并进行分析,说明了当时选武官轻视武举人、重视战功等现象,揭示了武官的区域分布和民族构成及其与政治社会的关系。     

雍正、乾隆朝引见绿营武官分析

文章依据雍正、乾隆朝引见绿营武官的履历档案,分析了这一时期绿营武官的籍贯、民族等问题,并比较雍正、乾隆两朝的变化特点。揭示了旗人特别是满人的选官特权在乾隆朝更明显,任职比例大幅攀升,任职层级提高,且多在战略要地任职。陕甘籍官员以功绩、福建籍官员以水师技能也分享了选官特权。乾隆朝武官人事渐显因循化趋势,循资任职比例增多,避籍制度宽松、年龄增大。通过对出兵记录的分析,估算了这一时期出兵西北、西南和台湾的比例。     

清代月选掣签制度考论

明代吏部尚书孙丕扬行掣签授官之法,用于官员铨选之中,一定程度上弥补了吏部铨选制度的不足。清代在文官月选中沿袭掣签授官,并成为定制,掣签的时间、地点、对象与明代相比发生一定的变化,且为了防弊,增加了监察官员监掣、九卿验看、皇帝引见等一系列措施。为了能使人地相宜,清代又制定题补等其他选任方式,以补掣签授官之不足。掣签授官制度虽保证吏部掌握部分中下级外官选任的权力,并且在一定程度上也维护选官的公平,但却与量才授官、人地相宜的用人原则存在本质矛盾。     

明代官员改调制度初探

官员改调之法是明代官僚管理制度的重要方面。明朝的官员改调制度有着成熟的改调方法和原则。官员改调制度与考满制度、久任制度皆是明代官员管理制度的重要手段,三者之间关系密切、相辅相成,共同在明代官僚管理体系中发挥着作用。官员改调制度作为明朝官员管理制度的重要方面,不仅在当时,甚至对后代都有深远影响。     

论清代京察一等外放问题

京察一等外放是清代京官考核与选任有效结合的一种人事制度。京察一等是清代中下级京官考核最优等第,得一等者可依据外放原则优选外放地方道府以下官员。京察一等者经皇帝两次引见面察,由军机处或吏部记名后方有外放资格。外放地方道府人员将次用完,可从京察一等引见未记名中拣选顶补。但京官素质直接决定外放地方官的任职状况,因此,强化京官考核一等的公正性与解决京官、地方官工作经验衔接问题,成为完善京官外放制度的重要手段。     

清朝前期与末季区域人才的变化——以引见官员、鼎甲、翰林为例

清朝前期与末季区域人才的变化——以引见官员、鼎甲、翰林为例冯尔康在清朝的不同时期,活跃于政治、军事、教育、文化舞台上的各省籍、各旗籍的人充当了不同的角色。开始是出身于辽、吉的旗人驰骋于政治、军事领域;后期则是湘、淮系统的人执掌军事、政治牛耳;两广人稍...     

辽朝官员的考绩与迁转探赜

官员的考绩与迁转是辽朝职官制度的重要组成部分。检索并钩沉相关石刻文字及文献史料,发现辽朝官员任职有期,一般为三年。在官员任职期内,朝廷要组织相关部门定期对其品德、业绩和年劳等进行考绩。考绩工作由相关的机构和官员来完成。经过考绩的秩满官员,其职阶迁转方向大致为:职阶迁升、留任进阶、退闲不仕及"左迁"降黜等。     

关于如何写好第二轮志书概述的问题

概述在志书中的地位非常重要,它不仅是志书的“窗口”、“导游图”,而且是新方志不可或缺的组成部分,是志书的“提要”、“精点”。但是概述写起来难度也相当大,应引起广大修志者的高度重视。撰写概述要把握好记述的原则,灵活运用概述记述的表现方式,以及解决好概述中存在的高度不够、内容缺项、不见特色、议论展望过多、文字语言粗糙等问题。     

Daisies Rise to Become Oaks. The Politics of Early Folktale Collection in Northern Europe

It is well known that the first collections of folktales played a key role in the “creation” of national identity in many nations in the mid-nineteenth century. This wider political role is often most apparent in the introductions written to accompany these early volumes, which give readers guidance as to how the material contained in the volumes should be understood. This article compares several such introductions from Northern Europe, namely those written to accompany Norske Folkeeventyr (Jørgen Moe, 1852), Popular Tales from the Norse (Sir George Dasent, 1859) and Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og æfintýri (Guðbrandur Vigfússon and Jón Árnason, 1862–64), noting not only the differing functions that the authors of these introductions saw their work as having, but also the complex web of academic relationships and influences that lie behind the genesis of these works.     

浅议海峡两岸方志学论坛差异——以林天蔚《地方文献研究与分论》为例

近二三十年来,海峡两岸方志学者交流日频,对方志学的研究日益深入,而有关学术观点和见解的不同和差异也日见凸显。这种学术争鸣的气氛对两岸方志学的研究着实起到了推动和促进作用。本文仅就海峡两岸方志论坛差异做些介绍和浅议,使之有利于我们把握两岸方志学研究之脉动、共同推进方志学研究向更深层次发展。     

志书人物简介之我见

本文通过考察人物简介的缘起,综观当代志书人物简介实际,对人物简介体裁作了肯定评价,同时针对存在问题进行了分析,提出对人物简介进行改进和规范的建议。     

Contributions to the agrarian history of Eastern Arabia II. The cultivars

Following on from an earlier study of agricultural implements and cultivation techniques in eastern Arabia, this paper presents the palaeobotanical and ethnohistoric evidence available on early cultivars in the region from the late 4th millennium B.C. through the pre-modern era. The introduction of new crops is discussed and, where possible, the evidence is marshalled which pertains to the origins of those new introductions and the dates of their arrival in the Gulf region.     

勿用人物简介变相为生人立传

人物简介记在世人物是变相为生人立传,不符合生不立传原则。记在世人物应用以事系人法,在行文中记下密切相关的人和事迹;也可以入人物表、人名录,或在编章中集中较完整地记人。     

关于人物入志的探讨

人物是地方志书要认真记述的重要内容。人物入志是发挥地方志书资治、教化、存史功能的需要,是社会各界人士了解人的作用的需要。人物入志的基本做法有：为去世的重要人物立传入志,为在世的重要人物写简介入志,列各类型的人物表入志,随党政部门、企事业单位、乡镇机构内容记述历任正职领导姓名。记述人物要注意解决记述内容见事不见人的问题;解决为在世人物立传的问题;解决人物入志范围过宽的问题;解决写人物简介和人物传略界限不清问题;解决记述人物出现错漏问题;解决人物传、人物简介排序混乱的问题;解决领导人照片入志存在的问题。     

试论清代学者《禹贡》研究之总成绩

清代学者对《尚书·禹贡》进行了深入全面的研究,形成了八十多种著述的规模。按照其著述类型,大致可分为五类,注疏型、集解型、辑注型、专论型、泛说型。其大要探讨内容为厘定经文文本、辨析地理方位、深考释诂音训、研讨经文大义,主要研究方法有排比文献、援经证经、考辨同名异地、详析矛盾抵牾,辅以实地目验考察、参考域外纪行,辗转考辨,反复讨论,从而将《禹贡》研究推进到了前所未有的高度。     

Ethnic Minorities and the Politics of Identity in Iran

The present review essay is of a novel format: two authors working in the same field introduce each other's works, and then pose a number of questions to each other. The aim is to facilitate dialogue between scholars occupied with similar issues, theories, methods or problems, and to share their discussions with others. Here, Alam Saleh, Lecturer in Middle Eastern Politics, University of Exeter, and Rasmus Christian Elling, Assistant Professor of Iranian Studies, University of Copenhagen, introduce each other's recent books on ethnic minorities, identity and nationalism in post-revolution Iran. These introductions are then followed by questions and answers in relation to the topics covered by the books.     

Visual anthropology and sensory ethnography in contemporary Sardinia: a film of a different kind

Lorenzo Valerio (1810–1865), though a key figure in Piedmontese and Italian politics, a newspaper editor of note and a leading light of both the Associazione Agraria and the Associazione Italo-Slava, has not been accorded in recent years the attention he merits. With the publication, however, of the first four volumes of his correspondence,? ?Lorenzo Valerio, Carteggio (1825–1865), four volumes, Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, Turin 1991–2003, assembled by Luigi Firpo, Guido Quazza and Franco Venturi, with vol. 1 (1825–1841) edited by Luigi Firpo and Adriano Viarengo, and vol. II (1842–1847), vol. III (1848) and vol. IV (1849) edited by Adriano Viarengo. it is now possible to map more precisely Valerio's activities and influence, in Risorgimento Italy and far beyond it. These letters provide their principal editor, Adriano Viarengo, with the opportunity to review a number of crucial historiographical questions in Risorgimento scholarship, among them, the nature of moderate hegemony, the political vision of the Sinistra subalpina, and the complex relations between Italian patriots and Slav Romantic nationalists active within the Austrian Empire. This article is designed both to portray Valerio and his world, and to reflect upon the contribution Viarengo has made, whether in his introductions to the correspondence or in his ancillary essays, to the study of the Risorgimento.

‘…?a good enough sort, but neither fish nor fowl?…’

Giuseppe Mazzini [Letter, 6 March 1851, to his mother]