The Flood Problems of Venice

Abstract

Although Venice has been flooded occasionally for centuries, it experienced its highest flood in 1966, with water 1.94 m above sea level. Since then there has been wide controversy, scientifically and politically, about the best measures to prevent a re-occurrence; these are here reviewed in some detail. Of the five civil engineering solutions proposed, only one, the Agiltec Project A and B, has ever been made public and the arguments for and against it are here presented; the Project as well as the other four solutions were rejected by the Government. The flood problems of Venice have now been submerged in the general Italian political turmoil and if government in action persists, the consequences may be tragic.     

The context of the Venice Charter (1964)

Abstract

The Venice Charter has been the benchmark for principles governing architectural conservation/restoration for over thirty years. We asked Jukka Jokilehto to comment on the context in which it was drawn up. Now often referred to simply as the ‘Venice Charter’, the correct full name of this document (of which we print the text in an appendix) is: ‘The International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites’, adopted by the IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964.     

东方威尼斯 水上文莱

<正>文莱全名文莱达鲁萨兰国,是被马来西亚包围着的国家,它并不是大多数中国旅行者的旅行目的地,但是在欧美游客中,它却有着极好的口碑和很大一部分推崇者。来文莱之前,我对它的了解仅限于寥寥的数行文字,知道它地处东南亚,是一个富庶的小国,有丰富的石油资源,并且至今拥有自     

Money and prices in thirteenth-century Venice

Prices and salaries rose in Venice between 1173 and 1282. The supply of money also probably increased. Wine, grain, and commodity prices, as well as magistrates' salaries, are here collected from documentary sources to illustrate this rise in prices. Evidence from silver mining, foreign trade, banking, and diplomacy seems to demonstrate an increase in the supply of money, but price inflation (the Fisher equation, MV = PT) cannot be definitely illustrated because velocity and transaction costs cannot yet be established for medieval Venice. To clarify these prices, this study also briefly describes the coins and moneys of account used in Venice in this century.     

蒙特威尔第的剧作对威尼斯歌剧乐派的影响

威尼斯是座美丽的水城 ,城里河流纵横 ,舟楫如梭 ,发达的水上交通使得这座城市很早就成为繁荣的商业都市。威尼斯市民拥有雄厚的经济力量 ,为适应娱乐生活需要 ,1 6 37年建立了历史上第一座公开歌剧院——圣·卡西亚诺歌剧院 ,从此改变了歌剧仅在宫廷演出 ,供贵族享用的状况 ,也为歌剧的发展开拓了新的天地。不久 ,又陆续开设了几家剧院 ,同时演出。整个 1 7世纪上演了近四百部歌剧 ,成了早期意大利歌剧的中心地之一。威尼斯歌剧乐派的形成与蒙特威尔第是分不开的。克劳第奥·蒙特威尔第 1 5 6 7年出生在意大利北部克雷蒙那的一个医生家庭。…     

威尼斯——漂浮在碧波上浪漫的梦

威尼斯1987年被列入《世界遗产目录》,她实实在在就是一颗漂浮在碧波上的明珠,在亚得里亚海的波涛中熠熠生辉,变幻着这个水都昔日的辉煌与梦想。她独特的气氛,又如意大利女郎的真诚和浪漫,令游人一见倾心。