发现西部与发现东方

当代中国在向着现代化、全球化迅跑之时,“开发西部”的国策,使被遗忘的西部又重新进入时代的视野。 当全球化被西方中心主义理解为:现代化=西化=全球化=美国化=基督教化=世界性的单一化时,在”发现东方”——现代化初期并非“西化”而是“东     

反“文化全球化”——经济全球化背景下对文化多样性的思考

经济全球化以及金融全球化和传媒全球化等 ,不会导致“文化全球化” ,恰恰相反 ,文化作为人类社会生存的方式 ,是一种价值体系 ,在全球化的背景下将进一步形成各民族文化的多样性。漫长的世界历史告诉人们 ,人类文化的发生和发展都是多元的 ,从来不存在单一的“全球”文化模式 ,所谓“文化全球化” ,是国际垄断资产阶级关于全球化意识形态的理论表现之一。其实质是通过建立以美国文化为主导的所谓文化的“全球化” ,从文化上进而从整体上肢解独立的民族国家 ,这是典型的“文化帝国主义”。     

罗马天主教语境中的美国历史和民族——奥雷斯蒂斯·布朗森论移民的美国化

移民通过美国化 (Americanization)融入主流社会这一现象通常被看成是美国生活最成功的一个方面。到 2 0世纪 60年代 ,文化多元主义的倾向又使得一些美国学者和政治家提出 ,“熔炉”现象其实并不存在 ,美国社会各族群之间从来都有鲜明的界限。这种思想倾向在一定程度上模糊了美国主流社会历来大力提倡移民全盘美国化这一至今并未改变的事实。美国人自己对移民美国化问题的认识构成思想史上一个有趣的片段 ,其中奥雷斯蒂斯·布朗森对 1 9世纪天主教移民美国化所发表的见解是美国文化的重要遗产。其核心内容是 :移民应该认同美国宪法 ,参与民主政治 ,对激进的社会变革和意识形态持怀疑态度 ,以天主教信仰促进民主和公民意识的养成。     

"美国化"与德国反美主义的文化释读

反美主义是一种全球现象,反映了世界各国对美国在国际事务中称王称霸的不满,也体现了对美国大众文化向外扩张的抵制。德国的反美主义具有很长的历史,其理论基础是该国精英阶层不能认同美国文化的观念,美国大众文化的广泛传播加剧了德国精英人士的反美情绪。他们会对美国大众文化的进入采取各种形式的抵制,对整个社会形成消极的美国形象产生影响。时至今日,“美国化”依然是德国在维护本国文化认同和生活方式时面对的严峻挑战,也预示着德国的反美主义在未来不仅很难缓和,而且还会呈加剧的态势。     

战后初期日本金融改革与主银行体制的延续

战后初期的日本金融改革,是在盟军统帅部要求摧毁日本军国主义经济基础和战后初期日本经济濒临崩溃的双重背景下进行的。金融改革在摧毁战时金融的基础上,进一步试图将日本金融“美国化”,但因美国体制在日本“水土不服”,“美国化”最终归于“日本化”。本文在论述日本金融改革的基础上,考察战时日本金融的状况,得出战时形成的主银行体制在改革期间并未被中止,而是依然延续的结论。     

敦煌契约文书中的"证人""保人"流变考释

本文主要对《中国历代契约会编考释》(文中简称《契约会编》)中有关“保人”和“证人”在不同时期的不同称呼进行考察,以求了解汉语词汇的发展状况,并通过词汇这种表面形式,来进一步揭示当时契约的本质,特别是唐代敦煌地区的借贷状况。     

“全球化”背景下的传统文化

在“全球化”背景下传统文化的命运如何?这是个很有趣的问题。许多人担心“全球化”将消灭文化的特色,把全世界都笼罩在灰蒙蒙的“全球文化”之下,正好像灰蒙蒙的天空笼罩了大地,多元文化的斑斓色泽全都失去光彩。 不过我认为这种担心是过分了,今天适逢新千年开始,也是元旦之日,因此不妨可先从“千年”(millenium)这     

现代化视野中的全球化

20世纪80年代以来,特别是进入到90年代以后,在国际学术界,全球化(globalization)迅速成为使用频率最高的词汇之一。据国外的一项研究显示,1984年在世界55个国家出版的1600种杂志中,仪有3篇在标题或要中使用了“全球化”一词,     

巧用英语习语推动词汇教学

《英语课程标准》指出：“在基础教育阶段,英语教学中的文化教学至少应该包括两个方面的内容,一是文化知识的传授,一是跨文化意识的培养。”语言知识学习和文化意识培养是多维度、多层次的。其中,在词汇教学中融入部分英语习语,就是为二者搭建桥梁而进行的探索尝试。     

好莱坞与美国现代生活方式的传播——以20世纪20年代的欧洲为例

在美国大众文化产品中,电影是传播文化观念和生活方式的最有效手段之一.两次世界大战之间在欧洲被炒得沸沸扬扬的"美国化"主要是指好莱坞对欧洲社会产生的强大冲击力.好莱坞等美国文化产品风靡世界会给其他国家的文化发展带来严峻的挑战,甚至会改变这些文化的发展方向,但很难导致这些国家的文化失去反映其本质的特性,而化入一种以美国文化为主导的单一或同质文化之中.     

全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新趋势

文化全球化背景下,在城市的快速转型过程中,城市文化发展和演进面临更多新要素的触动:"异质文化"日渐冲击或渗透着城市本底文化,影响城市文化发展的主要因子也更多从自然环境要素始向人文因素转变,即城市本底文化生存的"土壤"正在发生革命性改变,从而使城市文化表现出更多时代内涵、时尚意韵和新景观。本文基于国内外相关研究进展,讨论全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新态势,以期对新时期国内文化地理学的研究有所裨益。     

Globalization in Solidarity

Abstract

Globalization is an economic, social, cultural, and political phenomenon. Considering globalization as evil in itself or as a panacea for all the problems is not realistic. In general, globalization is welcomed by the elite and the corporate sector in India, whereas the poor are generally against it. Considering the impact of globalization on economic life, culture, and the environment in India, this article tries to see why globalization needs to integrate the values of justice and solidarity if it really wants to facilitate true human development.

In spite of the advancement in technology, communication and trade, inequalities, exploitation, and corruption have increased in a globalized world. Economy needs ethics to function correctly. Globalization has an inherent tendency to bring homogeneity in socio-cultural and religious life. Consequently, the indigenous cultures feel threatened. Only by respecting the uniqueness of cultures, globalization can strengthen cultures through healthy dialogue rooted in solidarity. Another important aspect of solidarity is solidarity with nature. To enhance real human development, globalization should safeguard ecology, discerning the needs of the present generation, as well as future generations.

Globalization is not first all about money, market, or competition, but about people and their interconnectedness. Economic prosperity, if it does not ensure justice to all, will not lead to long-lasting peace and development. Justice is rooted in love and solidarity with all.     

Is Britain European?

To ask ‘Is Britain European?’ is to engage in a particularly difficult area of the always elusive business of Identity Studies. The very nature and future viability of Britain have recently been subject to extensive questioning. Meanwhile, one can distinguish at least six politically relevant senses of the term ‘European’. Britain was never as exceptional as was suggested by the traditional story of British exceptionalism told by the ‘Island Story’ school of historians. Moreover, it has become much less insular over the past sixty years. The question is whether the process has been Europeanization, Americanization or simply globalization. There is considerable evidence that the country's ties to what Churchill called 'the English‐speaking peoples' are still as strong as those to continental Europe. In fact, both sets of ties have become stronger. But these identities are not exclusive. Britain has always been a place of multiple over‐lapping identities: English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish, as well as British, European and transoceanic. That Britain's European identity is bound to remain only a partial identity does not mean it has to be a shallow one. If Britain is to be a full and effective participant in Europe it has to deepen its European identity, to develop something of the normative, idealistic sense of being European which is second nature to most continental Europeans engaged in these debates.     

Towards a chequebook democracy? Business,parties and the funding of politics in Italy and the United States

This article seeks to establish to what extent Silvio Berlusconi's entry into electoral politics as leader of Forza Italia signals an ‘Americanization’ of Italian politics. It argues that Italian party democracy is moving in an ‘American’ direction in two ways. First, Italian party organizations are declining, leading to a more candidate-centred type of electoral politics. Second, the decline of parties is enhancing the ability of business to use its financial clout to tailor public policy to its own requirements. However, these trends do not have identical effects in Italy and the United States. This article will also show that this process of ‘Americanization’ interacts with the existing political praxis and institutional framework of Italian politics to produce an outcome which differs from both the traditional Western European model and the American model of party democracy. It will be concluded that this outcome seriously undermines representative democracy in Italy.     

National identity and primitive methodism in the United States: A transatlantic perspective

The Primitive Methodist Church in the United States of America was, throughout the nineteenth century, a denomination that was transatlantic in character. It attempted to act both as a home away from home for newly arriving English industrial immigrants and as a tool of their Americanization. In the former role, the denomination enjoyed considerable success, benefiting from continuous English immigration throughout the period. However, Primitive Methodist attempts at Americanization presented much greater challenges. The constant contact both with newly arriving English immigrants and the Primitive Methodist Conference in England frustrated attempts to take the denomination in new directions and undermined its claim as an American and Americanizing church. Whilst the process of becoming American was very difficult and painful for many individual immigrants, it proved almost impossible for the institution of Primitive Methodism. Ninety years after its establishment in the United States, the denomination was still homesick.     

文化遗产 文化自觉 文化建设——追寻中国文化遗产事业的发展历程

文物古迹是过去文化的载体,文化既是不同人们共同体在特定时空中适应环境与社会的结晶,也是人类曾经的生存可能性的记录,因此,文化遗产是发展的智慧资源而非包袱。改革开放以来我们对文物与文化遗产及其价值的认识有一个不断拓展和提高的过程,经历了由古玩、文物到全民性的文化遗产自觉的演变。正确认识和处理不同文化及历史文化遗产,既是作为文明古国的中国发展过程中无法避开的选择,也是全球化、信息化时代古今中外文化大会面时代人类和谐共处、共同繁荣的前提性要求。     

Global Media Cities in a World-wide Urban Network

This article examines the link between cities and culture from the point of view of the production of cultural goods, including media products. It focuses on the institutional structure of present-day cultural production and the media industry and on their geographical organization at the local and global levels. The cultural economy is a prime mover for globalization processes in the urban system, in which cultural production clusters act as local nodes in the global networks of the large media groups. The models frequently used to analyse the global city system will be supplemented and partially modified by an empirical analysis of the 'world media cities'. The analysis of the world media cities enables those locations to be identified, from which globalization in the spheres of culture and the media proceeds and is 'produced' in practical terms. Global city research has predominantly emphasized the role of advanced producer services—in contrast this article concludes that for the process of globalization the globally operating media firms are at least as influential as the global providers of corporate services, because they create a cultural market space of global dimensions, on the basis of which the specialized global service providers can ensure the practical management of global production and market networks.     

全球化时代的空间积累与分化及对规划角色的再审视

本文的主要目是探讨全球化进程对城市和区域发展的影响和分析全球化时代规划角色的转变。文章首先介绍了全球化的研究阶段和争论,指出全球化是一个非均衡、非对称的过程。随后分析了这种非均衡、非对称过程对空间发展的影响,即城市和区域空间积累与分化及城市密集地区作用的凸现,然后文章对中国空间发展的特殊影响因素和现象进行了探讨。文章认为以经济增长和空间营造为主要目的传统技术规划已经无法适应全球化时代的要求,规划被赋予了公共政策指引和提升竞争力的双重新功能,具备了对内解决问题、对外参与全球竞争的双向职能。     

文化认同理论下的伊斯兰文化与全球化——阿拉伯学者的学术视野与理论路径

面对全球化的挑战,阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化认同的核心内涵正在经历着一系列重新定义的任务,命题的多重性导致观点的多样化。在西方前所未有的优势和汹涌澎湃的全球化浪潮面前,阿拉伯—伊斯兰世界日益担心自身的文化认同困境以及文化自主特性阿拉伯学者认为全球化确实是一种挑战,这种挑战认知并不是相同的,而是多元主义的。阿拉伯学者从不同角度开出应对良方,包括排斥全球化、应对全球化、捍卫全球化以及敌视全球化,以伸张阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化。阿拉伯学者对全球化的不同视角说明阿拉伯世界的思想、社会与文化的多元化,对全球化的多元认知有其历史与现实的影响元素。而对阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化参与全球化而言,全球化不可能被全部接受也不能全部抛弃,接受其的态度可以称为“积极中立“的方式。