党内民主是党的生命

江泽民同志在十六大报告中论述加强和改进党的建设问题时,提出了“党内民主是党的生命”这一深刻命题。这是对党的历史经验的一个很好的总结,为党的建设、特别是处在执政地位的党的建设指明了方向。 把党内民主视为党的生命,是基于对党的性质及其历史使命的深刻把握。我们党从诞生的那一天起,就是工人阶级的先锋队,以求得中国人民的彻底解放作为自己的职志,这是一个目标崇高、没有私利的党,一个追求真理、光明磊落的党,因而能够把民族中的优秀分子集合在     

American Democracy and Democracy Promotion

As America inaugurates its 43rd president it enters a period of reflection. The danger is that an emphasis on voting procedure will silence a long-standing and ultimately more significant criticism of American democracy and its policy of democracy promotion. The separation of economics from politics and the promotion of so-called 'market democracy' does a disservice to the wider democratic project and is potentially self-defeating. This article reviews three books to argue that America's declining international reputation can be traced to its own democratic shortcomings. It explores the possibility of a popular working-class movement to address these failings and examines the implication this may have on the liberal international order.
Books reviewed:
John B. Judis, Paradox Of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests And The Betrayal Of Public Trust
Michael Zweig, The working class majority: America's best kept secret
Ruy Teixeira and Joel Rogers, America's forgotten majority: why the white working class still matters     

Contested archaeological approaches to mass grave exhumations in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

Within the last 50 years, present day Zimbabwe, (Figure 1), formerly Rhodesia, a Southern African country, has gone through various pogroms resulting in the death of over 50,000 people in total both within and outside the country. The massacres consist of the Liberation War (1966–1979); political violence characterized by every election since 1980; the Matabeleland Democide (1982–1987); and the diamond conflict in Marange, Eastern Zimbabwe (2006–2018). These various episodes of violence have produced a myriad of human body depositional sites which include mine shafts, mass graves at schools and hospitals, burials at detention centres, pit latrines, and caves. This paper will analyse the disagreements and antagonism between professional archaeologists and vernacular exhumers that emerged during various limited exhumation of mass graves within the country. The paper will conclude by offering avenues of approaches to mass graves exhumation as the material evidence might in future, subject to judicial inquiries, contribute towards truth telling and peace and reconciliation.     

津巴布韦野生鸟类

正津巴布韦位于非洲东南部,四季气候温和,流经这里的林波波河与赞比西河,为这里带来了充足的水源和繁密的草木,也为众多珍稀野生动物提供了栖息和繁衍的理想环境。尤其到了干旱季节,在这片低洼地带,我们会看到许多濒临灭绝的黑犀牛、尼罗河鳄鱼等珍稀物种聚集在此。津巴布韦鸟类资源十分丰富,埃及雁、安哥拉蓝饰雀、白腹鹳、斑鱼狗、花蜜鸟、箭尾维达鸟、阔嘴三宝鸟、塞内加尔鹦     

当曙光照亮非洲大地——大津巴布韦遗址探奇

空气中划过白雾一次伟大的考古莅临彩霞在燃烧探险家的猜测狂野非洲的惊艳世界遗存的魅力耳目一新的创意,清晨出动夜色悄悄地爬了上来,在天边弥漫而去,彩霞放射出燃烧一般的火焰,金红闪耀的太阳要落到遥远的地平线上去了,而我乘坐的车子也正在加足马力,在黑暗彻底压下来之前,向目的地——大津巴布韦靠近。     

津巴布韦野生鸟类

<正>津巴布韦位于非洲东南部,四季气候温和,流经这里的林波波河与赞比西河,为这里带来了充足的水源和繁密的草木,也为众多珍稀野生动物提供了栖息和繁衍的理想环境。尤其到了干旱季节,在这片低洼地带,我们会看到许多濒临灭绝的黑犀牛、尼罗河鳄鱼等珍稀物种聚集在此。津巴布韦鸟类资源十分丰富,埃及雁、安哥拉蓝饰雀、白腹鹳、斑鱼狗、花蜜鸟、箭尾维达鸟、阔嘴三宝鸟、塞内加尔鹦     

Challenges to Democracy in Market-Oriented Urban Planning in Norway

Neo-liberal ideas have resulted in a planning practice characterized by an informal phase in which early agreements are reached in closed negotiations between municipal planners and private developers. This challenges norms of legitimacy and accountability found in traditional democratic theories, as well as deliberative planning and network governance theories. Input-based legitimacy may be weakened by the lack of participation as well as by asymmetry in resources available for participation (voice). The representative democracy's (vote) responsiveness to the electorate may be weakened due to the lack of knowledge of the views of those affected, early lock-in to agreements and weak meta-governance due to the lack of adherence to overall plans. Throughput legitimacy is reduced by the lack of transparency, and thus accountability, in the informal phase. Output legitimacy might justify the privileged position of developers if tangible results are achieved. However, lack of participation weakens the quality and long-term lastingness of decisions, and lack of deliberation weakens the acceptability of justifications for those burdened by the decisions. We argue that two different types of reforms are necessary to increase the input legitimacy of planning practices: representative democracy reforms that strengthen the role of politicians and reforms that strengthen the direct participation of stakeholders in planning.     

Democracy and Disenchantment

The victory of democracy in its ideological battle with communism has coincided with widespread voter disaffection in established democracies and with the rapid emergence of disillusion in recently 'democratised' societies. These developments raise at least two more general problems concerning the democratic dream of a self-governing community. First, there is the problem of democratic deficit: the fact that democratic arrangements are invariably constrained by arrangements of a non-democratic kind. Second, there is the problem of corruption. While such problems arise for any form of politics they have a particular significance for regimes which claim to be democratic. Following the recent victories of democracy in much of the world, it is now more difficult to appeal to the remedy of a more inclusive political system. Those of you who come in with me now will get big pieces of pie. Those who come in with me later will get smaller pieces of pie. Those who dont come in at all will get-Good Government.1 (attributed to Huey Long, Governor of Louisiana)     

Democracy and Technology

Richard P. Hiskes, Democracy, Risk, and Community: Technological Harardr and the Evolution of Liberalism .
Sheila Jasanoff, Science at the Bar: Law, Science, and Technology in America .     

Democracy and Instrumentalism

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the demise of state socialism, among other factors, has led to a renewed interest in a certain conception of democracy as a fundamental organising principle for political debate and decision-making. Yet there are good reasons to suppose that the concept of democracy is severely limited in the role it can play here. This article examines some of these limits. In the first section we summarise a number of arguments from the 'revivalist' democratic literature and the conception of democracy presented within it. In doing so, we identify a conception of democracy-a conception we refer to generically as 'the democratic ideal'-that is defined both in relation to certain structural features and also in terms of a set of progressivist and socially ameliorative ends to which that ideal is seen as being especially conducive. In this reason our interest is not in any one version of the democratic idealalthough we do take many contemporary forms of the ideal in question to combine two central strands-as in the promotion of that ideal as instrumental in furthering certain economic and social ends. In the second section we call this ideal into question through a discussion of some of the problems associated with democratic forms of governance. We conclude with a discussion of the way in which the appeal to the democratic ideal in political debate and decision-making may actually depend on ignoring or suppressing the very politics that it aims to address.