羡慕? 嫉妒? 恨?

葡萄是酸的,还是甜的?吃到的人说是甜的。想吃并认为自己也能吃到的人说是甜的(或者即使吃不到葡萄,但可以吃到其他美味的水果)——这是羡慕。想吃却担心吃不到的人说是酸的——这是嫉妒。想吃却根本吃不到的人会说是苦的,     

笔误? 欺诈?

２０００年５月１日 ,某旅行社组团广州、深圳．澳门环岛双飞五日豪华游,收费５７６０元 ,双方于４月２２日签订了旅游协议书。协议约定房、餐、车及服务标准见团队行程。行程安排从北京乘ＣＤＡ５０１航班赴佛山。游妈祖庙．旅行社发给游客的出团通知上也有“赴佛山游妈祖庙”字样。 但游客返京后投诉旅行社：“根据行程内容和出团通知都安排游妈祖庙。而实际游的是祖庙, 根本没有妈祖庙, 这是一种欺骗误导游客的骗钱行为．如果不去妈祖庙。我们根本不会报名．因此我们要求赔偿团款的 １／２和精神损失费 １０００元．” 旅行社辩称：…     

祸兮?福兮?

偶尔从一本杂志上读到一篇《青蛙实验》的短文，使我联想到一些人的遭遇和命运，于是引发出这篇文字来。我想到读初中时教我们音乐课的一位教师──叶森老师。那是五十四年前，即一九四五年秋季，抗日战争胜利前后，叶老师从四川受聘来正安中学任教，当时我读二下。他毕业于四川音乐学院，音乐课自然是他的专长，但他不仅教音乐课，初中的任何课程他都能教；缺少教什么课程的老师，他都能顶上去，而且都教得好。他教了我们不少抗日进步歌曲，又组织全校的文娱演出活动，经常举办晚会和班级之间的歌咏比赛，一时间使学校充满生气，整个县城也…     

鬼?神?人?——解读蒋介石日记

20世纪的中国历史波澜壮阔。产生过很多叱咤风云的人物。这其中,蒋介石毫无疑问是非常重要的一位,他依靠北伐起家,入主南京,统治中国22年,此后又败走台湾,统治台湾26年。蒋介石富有传奇色彩的一生,不仅影响了中国的历史进程,还影响了千千万万中国人的命运。长期以来,对于蒋介石的历史评价,要么妖魔化,要么神化。那么,真实的蒋介石究竟是怎样的一个人?在中国近代史上,他曾经做过哪些事情?让我们看看中国社科院研究员杨天石先生所作的评述和研究。     

Whose Theology? Which Theology?

Abstract

This is a response to Gareth Jones's critique of Changing Worlds, arguing that while this critique largely misunderstands the approach taken in the book, it does raise important questions about the prospect of war in the modern world. Crucial differences are identified in the use of theological rhetoric as a means of resolving differences about the legitimacy of war in the modern world.     

何为城?何为乡?

正周其仁教授在《城乡中国》开篇中说:"中国很大,不过这个很大的国家,可以说只有两块地方:一块是城市,另外一块是乡村"。简单一句话,道出了中国社会的一个基本事实,这个国家是分为"城"和"乡"的。相应地,中国的十多亿人口,也分为"城里人"和"乡下人"。要理解"城乡中国"的事情,对这"城乡分割"不可不察。"城乡分割",或者"城乡二元",大家都耳熟能详了。可是,这"城"和"乡",区别到底在哪里?二者是     

梦境?仙境?秋游黄龙

刚刚结束北京世界大学生 运动会的工作， 便休假采 了。．一路上， 贪恋着欣赏沿途的高山峡谷 ，追思着往昔难于上青天的蜀道， 到达 “世界自然遗产” 的黄龙风景名胜区， 已是华灯初上时刻。住进宾馆， 洗去一路轻尘， 我就迫不及待地走出室外， 想一睹黄龙景区的真容。 然而， 夜幕已经低垂 ，远处的山峦融入天际， 周围的林木已是黑樾樾的了。借着天上的明月， 才影影绰绰看出大地的轮廓。我纵情地吸着清新洁净带着花木山水清香的空气。偶尔听到几声鸟鸣， 更觉月夜的宁静。此时， 夜凉似水， 已把北京长夏积累在心中的燥热和喧闹驱赶得…     

Who's indigenous? Whose archaeology?

Abstract

The International Labour Organisation, the United Nations and various indigenous Organisations have raised and/or objected to diverse criteria through which indigenous groups have been defined and the rights that should be accorded to them. This paper discusses the implications of these issues in relation to archaeological research and heritage management and uses this to position the other papers in this volume. Specific themes that are addressed include: the impact of colonialism and nation-forming on indigenous groups; the continuing influence of 19th and early 20th century social evolutionary concepts on the representation of indigenous groups and the role of archival material from this period today; the contrasting processes of cultural continuity and assimilation within ‘dominant’ societies in which indigenous communities have participated, and the effects that this has had on more recent claims over land rights; the cultural differences that surround the concepts of individual and community ownership, particularly in relation to copyright; the role of academia, museums and the media in the representation of indigenous people in the past and the present.     

Big Questions? Big History?

Books reviewed in this article:
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond
The Structure of Big History: From the Big Bang until Today by Fred Spier     

微型之国?虚拟之国?

<正>2015年,欧洲在短短几周之内多了两个新"国家"。4月13日,捷克男子Vit Jedlicka占据塞尔维亚与克罗地亚间一块面积约为7平方公里的无主之地,宣布成立"自由土地自由共和国"(Free Republic of Liberland),拥有自己的国旗、国徽,并设立了官方网站,据称目前已有2万人提出国籍申请。5月,一些波兰人在斯洛文尼亚与克罗地亚之间一块约92.9平方米的无主之地上建立"恩克拉瓦王国"(Kingdom of Enclava),希望打造一处"不分国籍、肤色、宗     

国车?私车?黑你没商量

西宁市有一景,那就是众多的西宁──格尔木──拉萨“豪华”卧铺客车,几乎随处可见。今年暑假,我偕妻子及女儿去西藏旅游,7月30日下午3点钟左右我们乘火车到达西宁,在同车一位旅客的指点下,出了站往右寻找去拉萨方向的卧铺汽车。当我们来到9路公共汽车停车场进口处,发现门里停着两辆格尔木联运公司的卧铺客车。车前挂着“国营／豪华卧铺客车／西宁——格尔木——拉萨”的平绒招牌。一位车牌为“青H51960”车上的青年小伙子向我们介绍了一番,说他们的车如何便宜,4点半保证发车云云。他开口要每人200元,经过讨价他答应每人190无,…     

生命,苦耶?乐耶?

正生命究竟是苦是乐?我认为生命之苦可分为两大类:肉体之苦,精神之苦。生命之乐亦是如此。肉体精神各占一半。若你肉体受苦,精神愉悦,你认为精神愉悦更重要,那么肉体之苦便可略去,那么对你而言,生命就是乐的,这更多取决于你的态度。倘若这么一场战争,你是踏上征途的勇士,那我     

断?

(作文是话题作文“目标”,用“断?”做题目有犹疑感,结合文章的内容,改用“向着太阳飞翔”为题会更贴合“目标”这一话题。) 蔚蓝的天空中,我欢快地飞着。虽然一端的线已断了,也许人们会为我叹息,但我认为,我并没有断。(这句话不易让人理解,且与文章中心内容不够吻合,宜改为“但我并没有断,我只是朝自己的梦想更靠近了一步。”) 很久以前,我只是一只普通的风筝,至少在还没上色之前。我的主人,是一位技艺高超的扎风筝的艺人。他是位和蔼的老人,每天跟他要风筝的孩子实在太多了,可他又不忍让孩子失望,只好在家将一切时间利用起来:扎风筝,画风筝……     

Yawning?

Since antiquity yawning has attracted a moderate interest among philosophers, psychologists, physiologists, as well as educators, moralists and physicians. Organisms from birds to men and from the womb to the deathbed were found to be displaying it. While sometimes satisfying to the producer, its display is offensive to the lay observer. Hippocrates had it on his lists of useful 'natures.' Aristotle dropped a few words on the matter. Boerhaave elevated its function to the intellect of animals. Haller has commented on its relation to the acoustic system, blood-flow, and baby sleep. Darwin mentioned it in connection with emotional behavior. Some modern authors praised its beneficial effects on respiration and smell. In the 1960s, Ashley Montagu tried to correct the contemporary failure to explain the behavior by the fact of raised CO2 and arterial compression. It also interested some neurologists, especially in its association with the encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s, with 'spasmodic yawning,' with epilepsy, not to speak of hysteria. As to boredom or its stimulus, a 40-page dissertation survives from the court of Frederick the Great of the 18th century condemning idleness, a subject that also inspired Blaise Pascal and William James. But in the Hindu world, public yawning was a religious offense.     

谁是中国第一山——泰山?黄山?张家界?

几年前,我攀登在去泰山南天门的十八盘路段.非常陡的十八梯,让我体验到了攀上南天门,进入天宫的惊险历程. 泰山上有儒释道三教的寺庙,有许多景点刻字,山涧溪流,大气漂亮,体现着“中国古代正统第一山”的魅力和气度. 但是不知从什么时候开始,泰山“第一山”的地位和名号,似乎受到某种忽视和挑战.特别是好莱坞风靡世界的大片《阿凡达》、《功夫熊猫》系列、《变形金刚》等取景黄山、张家界等中国名山.     

…?… evidence…?…

Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion across the Disciplines. Edited by James Chandler, Arnold I. Davidson, and Harry Harootunian (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 518pp. $45.00 cloth $19.95 paper.

The Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves. By Jed Z. Buchwald (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 428pp. $32.95 paper $75.00 cloth.