敦煌吐鲁番文书中的唐五代经济史料价值探析

敦煌吐鲁番文书是研究唐五代经济的重要史料,正确认识该文书中的相关史料价值有助于推动唐五代经济史研究的深化。通过对文书所反映的土地制度、赋役制度、商业贸易等有关内容分别进行分析,可知敦煌吐鲁番文书在唐五代经济史的不同方面均有重要的史料价值,可为正史记载提供内容补充,为学术讨论提供资料依据。对唐五代经济史的各类研究均可根据需求选取文书中的有关内容进行考证。     

唐代河西通西域诸道及相关史事再考

敦煌文书对唐代河西通西域诸道多有详细记载,对史书记载多有补正。在前人研究成果的基础上,充分结合正史记载,对见于敦煌文书的这些道路及其相关问题作进一步考察,探究这些道路在隋唐时期的利用、维护和通行情况,以及解释由这些道路在该时期的兴衰所折射出的历史背景和与这些道路相关联的民族、政权之间斗争、交往的相关史事,应该是研究出土文书的另一重要内容。     

唐代差科簿制作过程——从阿斯塔那61号墓所出役制文书谈起

吐鲁番阿斯塔那古墓区61号墓所出一组文书,与唐代籍帐类文书中的差科簿制作相关。通过对该组文书及敦煌、吐鲁番所出有关文书的梳理分析,可探究差科簿的制作过程、方式、地点等问题,并解释出土文书中所见不同形制差科簿的形成原因,有助于深化对于该类文书性质及其运行实际的认识。     

冯国瑞敦煌写经吐鲁番文书题跋叙录

冯国瑞先生是陇上著名学者,也是著名收藏家,博学多识,多年钟情于敦煌写经和吐鲁番文书,自己收藏之外,还为过眼写本、文书作有题跋,而这些宝物绝大多数已不复得观,所以“题跋”对相关的研究工作及追寻相关文物流传踪迹自有意义。兹据现有资料将冯著敦煌写经吐鲁番文书题跋11则一并辑录,以为研究者提供方便。     

出土文书与传世史籍相结合的典范之作——刘安志《敦煌吐鲁番文书与唐代西域史研究》介评

刘安志《敦煌吐鲁番文书与唐代西城史研究》是利用中国吐鲁番、库车、敦煌与塔吉克斯坦出土的汉文文书,并结合中原传世史籍对西城史事的记录,研究唐代前期西域历史的论文结集,是一部出土文书与传世史籍相结合的典范之作.本文在介绍刘著的基础上作了相关评论.     

吐鲁番出土《北凉神玺三年(公元三九九年)仓曹贷粮文书》研究

文章主要探讨吐鲁番出土《北凉神玺三年(399)仓曹贷粮文书》。这是目前所知吐鲁番出土段氏北凉统治高昌时期较早的,也是仅有的一件汉文非佛经文书。该文在前人研究的基础上,对文书进行疏理,并对年号、文书类型、内容、格式进行了分析。该文书反映出段氏北凉统治已达高昌、文书属官府公文《符》、实行了的"常平仓"制度、郡县属官制度相当完备等情况。该文书对研究段氏北凉的职官、经济、文化制度、统治高昌和经营西域等方面问题具有重要的意义。     

吐鲁番出土《北凉神玺三年(公元三九九年)仓曹贷粮文书》研究北大核心CSSCI

文章主要探讨吐鲁番出土《北凉神玺三年(399)仓曹贷粮文书》。这是目前所知吐鲁番出土段氏北凉统治高昌时期较早的,也是仅有的一件汉文非佛经文书。该文在前人研究的基础上,对文书进行疏理,并对年号、文书类型、内容、格式进行了分析。该文书反映出段氏北凉统治已达高昌、文书属官府公文《符》、实行了的"常平仓"制度、郡县属官制度相当完备等情况。该文书对研究段氏北凉的职官、经济、文化制度、统治高昌和经营西域等方面问题具有重要的意义。     

黑水城所出宋赵德诚家状试释

有“靖康元年□月　日承节郎赵德诚状”等字 ,称之为“状”并无不可 ,但这件文书的归类 ,通过比对《庆元条法事类》所载宋代文书格式 (详下 ) ,可以进一步确定为就是史籍常见的所谓“家状”。这件文书的定名按照敦煌吐鲁番文书整理的习惯 ,应该拟题为《宋靖康元年 (112 6 )保安军德靖寨赵德诚家状》。关于本件的录文和标点 ,有多处值得商榷。1行的“诚” ,从图版看 ,上面缺文至少在四字以上 ,根据《庆元条法事类》所载宋代家状格式 ,首行一般是家状撰者“具官姓名” ,即家状书写人在首行写上自己的官称和姓名。显然 ,1行的“诚”是“赵德诚…     

《敦煌吐鲁番文书与唐代西域史研究》述评

刘安志《敦煌吐鲁番文书与唐代西域史研究》(北京,商务印书馆,2011年),是作者近十余年利用敦煌、吐鲁番及甘肃、新疆其他地区出土文书研究唐代西域史的成果结集。所收各文,都经过不同程度的修改,有的甚至是面目全非的大改,     

曹氏归义军时期敦煌文献书写特征研究

归义军时期,敦煌的功德记文书由“家族式”的书写模式,转换到了“统治群体的发愿”模式,继而又转换到“节度使家庭人员的发愿”模式.曹元忠、曹延禄时期,敦煌文书在内容、人物称号等方面都表现出继承性.敦煌功德记文书的文体、内容方面的变化,反映了敦煌地区仪式的变化.     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.