宋刊典籍中所见题衔考略

部分宋刊典籍中的题衔信息多可与正史等文献互证,且有能补正史之阙者,史料价值颇为重要。然各书题衔彼此之间亦时有龃龉,主要见于官衔、食邑数、食实封数等信息方面,产生的原因主要有讹字、衍字、脱字等。研究者在利用这些信息时,应作谨慎的甄别。另外,结合各书题衔及校刻时间进行考察,可知宋代刻书具有"批量式"生产的特点,这有助于对典籍的校刻时间进行判定。     

万重桑海 潜闭琴书——浣云公李镛逸事

李镛,号浣云,虽然生于四川,但因籍贯浙江嘉兴,按清制不得在四川科考。所以只能在故乡嘉兴捐得监生。候选县丞、候补知县出身。历任南部、宜宾、南溪知县。其中在南溪前后两任、将近十年。这在当时候补官员多如牛毛、知县通常只任一两年的常例下,也算是破格了。卸任后回成都定居。关于他的生平,其三子李道洋曾著《先府君行略》,惜佚已久。这...     

潘仕成的身份及末路

学界对潘仕成是洋商还是盐商有不同说法。南海县知县杜凤治在其《望凫行馆宦粤日记》中用很多篇幅记录了潘仕成经营盐务失败、被抄家、所涉诉讼以及他最后岁月的细节。《叶名琛档案——清代两广总督衙门残牍》也有不少鲜为人知的有关潘仕成的史料。这些史料证实了潘仕成是带着盐官官衔去经营盐务的。杜凤治在日记中提及潘仕成曾为洋商,当属可信。但要详细了解潘仕成洋商的经历,仍须发掘更多新史料。     

宋朝卖官述略

宋朝卖官可分为制度性卖官和官员私下卖官两类。宋朝设置卖官制度,既与它崇尚文官政治有关,更与它解决财政窘急颇多关涉,故进纳授官成了宋朝卖官的主要形式。进纳人按其阶级成份,主要为乡村户中的地主和坊郭户中的富商,但由于宋朝历代对进纳得官者限制很严,所卖之官主要是虚衔,导致进纳人在官场颇受歧视,不过他们有时倚势横行,实力不可低估。而与进纳制度不同,官员的私下纳赂卖官,出售的则是实职的差遣。举凡大臣、宦官、将帅、人事部门官吏等,均不乏私下卖官自肥者,尤其自宋徽宗以降直至宋亡,私下卖官之风日益炽盛,官场腐败实与私下滥卖官衔有莫大干系。     

元朝广海选制度初探

广海选制度是元朝在南部边疆推行的一种特殊的官员铨选制度,与南部边疆地区的自然和社会经济条件有密切的关联,也与当地的战略地位有关。广海选制度下,特使的委派、官员的铨选均有相应的制度规范。广海选制度在实际运行中出现了一些问题,元朝也适时对其进行了调整。广海选制度是元朝蒙古统治者汉法政策的内容之一,反映了蒙古统治的特点。     

清代请安折再探 ——兼谈请安折与召见问题

中国第一历史档案馆所藏清代请安折档案约16万多件.清代请安折绝大多数都无具折时间,很多都不具官衔,大部分在奏折末尾都有朱批.乾隆以后,有权上请安折的官员资格范围逐渐固定下来.在多种情形下,清代京内外高级官员抵京或到行在向皇帝递折请安,一般情况下会被召见.召见之时,皇帝可能会在请安折上写下朱笔评价,这对官员的仕宦生涯往往有着决定性影响.     

档案检索工具及其体系探讨

档案检索工具是由反映档案内容和形式特征的条目,按照既定的顺序组成的档案检索信息的载体。文中主要对档案检索工具及其体系进行分析。     

清雍正年间的次县级行政机构及其职能探析

从雍正年间开始,分驻在村镇的府州县佐杂官员数量和类型有了较大的增加。本文初步拟定了一个次县级行政机构的标准,对这些官员进行分析,发现一些同知、通判和专业官员也符合这个标准,说明次县级行政机构的官员类型是比较广泛的。按照职能的差异,次县级行政机构可以分为三类:第一类仅有治安职能;第二类具有治安和司法职能;第三类还可以征收钱粮,已经与知州、知县的职能相接近。次县级行政机构的大量设立,加强了地方政府对基层社会的控制。     

论学校档案信息资源的开发与利用

档案管理是学校管理工作的重要组成部分，是办好学校的重要基础性工作，是衡量一所学校管理水平的重要标志，是学校教育教学、科研和管理活动的真实写照，它记载和反映了学校教育活动的全过程和具体成果，是储备学校教育活动信息资源的主要载体。在学校信息资源中，档案以其独具的所载信息的原始性、真实性等特殊性质，有着极其重要的地位。加强对其开发利用,也是落实科学发展观、推动学校各项事业全面发展的重要途径,当我们把档案工作与学校的中心工作结合起来考虑时,我们就会看到档案与学校的发展有着千丝万缕的联系,创建名牌学校与档案信息资源的开发利用息息相关。     

《清代南部县衙档案》中的祈雨文献研究

祈雨是传统社会人类在旱灾发生时的一种祭祀与礼仪活动。《清代南部县衙档案》保存有大量主题集中、内容连贯、以颂扬神灵及官员自省为主的祈雨文献。这些文献围绕南部县衙展开,县官在祈雨过程中处于上传下达的核心地位,县衙官役是祈雨活动的重要参与者与筹办者。晚清西学东渐的时代背景中,知县对求雨方式产生质疑,但因祈雨活动能减轻民众恐慌、维护地方统治而依然存在。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the