社会阶层化与城市社会空间的发展及其与城市娱乐业的(空间)关系

基于学术界共识的后工业化大城市社会空间中产阶层化的理念,本文首次提出社会阶层化的概念并指出社会阶层化主要研究在社会阶层的生活行为扩散和变化规律下,所构建的城市日常居住社区体系和日常生活行为场所体系的时空模式,以此探讨城市社会空间结构的变化。研究认为不同城市发展阶段其对应有不同主导阶层的社会阶层化空间结构。进一步从解构城市社会空间结构的演化动态角度,研究不同社会发展阶段下,社会阶层化与城市娱乐产业的对偶空间结构关系。     

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT,ECONOMIC ACCOUNTABILITY,AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

The author argues in favor of redoubled efforts at improving access to transportation and communications as the most effective means of government intervention promoting a “level playing field” for disparate territorial units under “regional khozraschet.” He maintains that such an approach does not remove incentives for innovation and productivity at individual enterprises, but helps eliminate the disadvantages of peripheral production enterprises relative to those of “central” areas. A scheme is proposed whereby increasing overall (intermodal) transportation accessibility would be the objective, rather than maximizing narrowly based microeconomic efficiency criteria for various transportation ministries. Translated by H. L. Haslett, Leamington Spa, UK from: Territorial'naya organizatsiya obshchestva i problemy mezhnatsional'nykh otnosheniy: Materialy k IX s'yezdu Geograficheskogo Obshchestva SSSR. Leningrad: Geograficheskoye Obshchestvo SSSR, 1990, pp. 9-13.     

社会空间视角下全域旅游空间正义性解读

以往学术界对旅游产业和旅游行为的空间认知,多从物质空间视角出发而忽视了其社会属性,导致在产业自身发展受限的同时,也引发了一系列社会、文化和生态问题。本文借助社会空间思想对全域旅游进行文本解读认为：全域旅游在物质空间上从“景区”拓展到“全域”;在抽象空间上结合产业发展、市场需求、旅游活动和社会影响等方面的特征强调社会关联性;在社会实践中将物质和抽象空间统一于社区居民的生活空间中,具有理论上的合理性。因此,全域旅游从社会空间视角定位我国旅游发展问题,将区域可持续发展、社会空间公正和居民生活质量的提升作为最终落脚点和价值诉求,不仅在理论上具有指导性,而且还体现了社会主义国家对空间人本价值和社会公正的追求。     

AVIATION NOISE AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: THE BARRIO BARRIER*

ABSTRACT Aviation noise is a harmful pollutant, which has yet to be studied in the environmental justice literature. This paper uses Tobit and logit multivariate regression analyses to analyze noise pollution exposure from a major commercial‐service airport. It addresses the issue of whether people moved to the aviation noise‐impacted areas or the noise encroached on the people, and controls for economic and political costs as well as the possibility of racial and ethnic prejudice. The results indicate that ethnicity is the primary cause of the disproportionate burden of aviation noise pollution borne by Hispanics in the area analyzed.     

SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL POLICY: ROLES OF THE APPLIED RESEARCHER*

Research on policy impact has increasingly focused on the practical application of social science research. This paper outlines four roles—substantive expert, information processor, change agent, and scholar—which have helped to increase the potential usefulness of our research while maintaining linkages to the academic community. This paper suggests the general nature of these roles and suggests specific implementation strategies, which need to be pursued as an early and continuing aspect of the research enterprise. Balancing these multiple roles presents several analytical and ethical difficulties, but helps to establish credibility in both the scientific and policymaking communities.     

河谷型城市居民生活空间质量特征及社会效应——以兰州市为例

城市居民高品质生活建设是推进新型城镇化、提升城市功能品质的有效途径。以兰州市为例，借助步行指数从安全性、健康性、便利性、舒适性和社会性五个维度构建城市生活空间质量指标体系，对兰州市河谷地区1221个居住小区生活空间质量及其产生的社会效应展开分析。结果表明：①兰州市城市综合生活空间质量整体偏低，呈“一主两次”的多核组团式空间结构，且具有“东高西低”的不均衡特征。②舒适性空间呈“高值—分散、低值—集中”；便利性空间呈多中心向外递减的趋势；健康性空间呈“中间高，两头低，高值偏东”格局；安全性空间呈河谷中心向外递减的趋势；社会性空间呈河谷中心高度集聚、边缘低值集中连片分布。③生活空间质量以中等质量生活空间、较低生活质量空间、低质量生活空间为主，较高生活质量次之，高质量生活空间最少。④兰州市生活空间质量分异产生了居民住房不平等与居住分异、资源配置失衡与空间剥夺、社会信任危机与社会隔离，以及居住区有机更新和空间重构等社会效应。     

"FIRST FEED THE FACE": ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY FOOD SECURITY

Environmental justice and community food security represent parallel though largely separate movements whose linkage would help establish a new community development, environmental, and empowerment-based discourse. Environmental justice has been limited by its risk discrimination focus, even as environmental justice organizations have shifted to a broader social justice orientation, eclipsing their earlier environmental focus. Community food security advocacy, while offering a concrete example of linked agendas and constituencies, has yet to effectively outreach to environmental justice groups. Coalition building efforts, such as the Community Food Security Empowerment Act, presents that opportunity.     

THE CITY OF NICOMEDEIA AND THE GODDESS DEMETER

Bithynia is a region in the northwest of Anatolia bordered by the Black Sea （Pontus Euxeinos） to the north, the Dardanel Strait （Hellespontos） and Kocacay （Rhyndakos） to the west, and the Sakarya River （Sangarios） to the south. A point of the Asian continent extending towards Europe, Bithynia is surrounded by seas on its three sides and has a long shore. Nicomedeia, once the capital of Bithynia, is an important city due to its location. Since the gulf is gradually narrowing, it can easily be closed and defended. There are two routes from Nicomedeia. One leads alongside the shore towards the Marmara Sea, enabling the passage to the north and south or to the European shore across the peninsula.