西安市回族聚居社区治理与更新研究

少数民族居住社区,不仅是事关国家或城市民族政策的问题,也是城市治理与发展的重要问题。城市中少数民族聚居社区的更新与治理既有一般居住社区的共性,也有民族特色与个性。少数民族社区的更新与治理政策的有效性,可能对民族政策的落实与城市发展建设造成潜在的影响。以西安市为例,在问卷调查的基础上,探讨少数民族社区环境、社区基础设施、社区人口教育和其认同感和归属感方面等对城市社区治理、更新的影响问题,提出西安少数民族社区治理与发展对策建议。研究认为:西安市回族社区的特点是“依寺而居,依街而商”、少数民族人口集中并且居民认同感和归属感强烈、民族文化特色浓厚、具有较强的历史传承性、有一定的社会组织能力;建设存在的问题是社区居民整体文化水平低、社区群众居住环境差,可用公共空间少、社区基础设施较差、社区自治意识淡薄;治理与更新的主要路径是发展教育,从根本上提高少数民族社区的综合竞争力、原地整建,使其空间质量提升、加大基础设施的投入,改善少数民族生存空间、发挥宗教组织自身优势,提升居民自制能力、弥补社区管理漏洞,定岗招聘、增加社区各民族内部交流。     

辽宁省少数民族干部政策贯彻落实情况的调查报告

改革开放以来,为了适应新形势的发展,中央对少数民族干部政策进行了较大幅度的调整。辽宁省各级党委、政府高度重视培养选拔少数民族干部工作,全面贯彻执行党的民族政策,从辽宁省的实际出发,采取有效措施,取得了明显成效。当然,目前辽宁省落实少数民族干部政策也存在一些问题．就是少数民族干部的结构体系存在着比例不合理的同题,主要表现在少数民族干部的数量结构同题、化知识结构问题,少数民族专业技术人才的外流等问题。针对这些问题,笔建议,应通过民族政策的词整及完善,以实现民族干部结构的相对协调。     

论抗战时期党的民族纲领发展背景及主要内容

抗日战争时期是中国共产党民族纲领重要发展的时期。这一时期民族纲领的发展与党结合我国民族问题的具体特点,逐渐走向成熟密切相关。这一时期党的民族纲领发展主要包括三个方面：团结中华各民族,建立抗日民族统一战线;允许各少数民族与汉族有平等权利,联合建立统一的国家;在共同抗日原则之下,各民族有自己管理自己事务的权利。     

当前我国城市民族问题之探讨

随着我国城市化进程的加快和少数民族人口流动频繁,城市少数民族成分增多,少数民族人口增长迅速.城市居民的多民族化及少数民族人口的增多使城市民族问题更加多样化、复杂化、敏感化,本文指出了当前城市民族问题的几个主要方面,强调了关注城市民族问题的必要性,并提出了几点建议.     

杂散居少数民族权益法律保障研究

杂散居少数民族是我国少数民族的重要组成部分,杂散居少数民族工作是新时期民族工作的重要内容。杂散居少数民族权益法律法规保护工作,取得了较大成绩,但也存在一些问题。随着市场经济的发展和现代化、城市化的不断推进,我国的少数民族呈现城市化、散居化态势。加强和完善杂散居少数民族权益法律法规保护工作,是保障杂散居少数民族特殊权益,构建和谐社会的必然要求。     

河南省民族乡镇经济发展研究——以临颍县繁城回族镇为例

河南省是我国重要的少数民族散杂居地区之一,其民族地区经济发展状况对我国少数民族经济发展有重要的影响。通过对河南省临颍县繁城回族镇民族经济现状的调查研究,对其民族经济存在的问题进行深入的分析,从而进一步指出其未来发展方向和具体实现路径。这对于国家全面建成小康社会的实现、各民族的团结进步有极其重要的现实和理论意义。     

加快少数民族地区经济发展体现了先进生产力的发展要求

“三个代表”重要思想是一个相互联系、相互促进、互为因果的统一整体,其中发展先进的生产力,是发展先进文化,实现最广大人民根本利益的基础条件;先进文化反映着生产力的发展水平,同时又为经济发展和社会进步提供精神动力和智力支持;代表最广大人民的根本利益则是中国共产党及其领导的政府一切工作的出发点和归宿,也是先进生产力和先进文化发展的最终落脚点。民族工作和少数民族地区的一切工作亦均需面对新形势、新任务,结合少数民族地区经济社会实际,把发展先进生产力摆在首要位置,加快地区经济建设,不断把改革开放和现代化建设事业推向前进,充分体现先进生产力的发展要求。对于少数民族地区地方政府而言,一方面要从发展先进生产力的要求来观察民族地区生产力发展中存在的问题,另一方面则要接着发展先进生产力的要求推进少数民族地区经济的发展。特别是要在发展中研究和解决问题,树立和应用科学的发展观,稳步实现民族地区的发展和繁荣。     

论散居少数民族权益保障的立法策略

保障散杂居少数民族权益的法制建设,既是散杂居民族工作的重要内容,也是民族法制建设乃至整个法制建设不可缺少的组成部分。本文主要通过分析散居少数民族权益保障的法理基础和紧迫现实,指出我国散居少数民族权益保障的立法现状和存在的问题,并进而探求完善散居少数民族权益保障的立法策略。     

辽宁省少数民族基础教育与民族文化传承研究

近些年来随着社会的变迁,少数民族传统文化在青少年中的传承断层现象日益严重,少数民族传统文化正面临着濒临消亡的危机.如何将这些优秀的民族文化引入学校教育的课程与教学中,使少数民族文化寻找到一个稳定的、系统的传承机制,是当前急待解决的一个迫切问题.本文通过对辽宁省若干所民族中小学传承民族文化的现状展开调查,找出当前少数民族基础教育中民族文化传承方面存在的诸多问题,寻求改进的措施和建议,从而进一步促进少数民族文化的传承与保护,更好地完成民族教育的使命.     

少数民族文化旅游资源保护与产权合理安排

文章从目前少数民族文化旅游资源保护方式和存在的问题入手,认为仅仅以民俗博物馆、民族文化村和生态博物馆等方式来保护少数民族文化旅游资源的形式不能从根本上解决少数民族文化旅游资源开发中的保护问题。根据产权理论和文化资源的本质,文章提出解决少数民族旅游文化资源的保护应从产权合理安排方面着手,改变以往不合理的产权安排.论述了合理的产权安排能从本质上解决少数民族文化旅游资源在保护中存在的问题,是处理好民族文化旅游资源保护与经济发展之间的矛盾和冲突的基本前提。提出只有让少数民族在文化资源开发中得到最大的利益,成为自己资源的真正主人,才能从根本上激励他们合理保护自己的文化资源,使民族文化资源得以可持续利用。     

社会心理学视域中的“社会认同”

社会认同理论是二十世纪八十年代以后逐渐兴起的社会心理学理论。伴随着全球化浪潮与社会认同、自我认同危机的逐渐显现,社会认同理论逐渐蔓延到社会学、政治学、民族学、人类学等社会科学研究之中,成为当代社会、文化、族群心理研究的重要理论之一。为了使我们更好地了解、运用社会认同理论,本文从社会心理学的角度就社会认同的概念、内涵及形成机制、支撑体系进行了梳理。     

Protecting aquatic ecosystems in heavily allocated river systems: the case of the Oldman River Basin,Alberta

Initiatives aimed at protecting aquatic ecosystems often prove difficult to implement—particularly in water‐stressed, semi‐arid regions where the demand for water for human consumption is high. This article reports on an investigation of the factors that shaped the development and implementation of policies for aquatic ecosystem protection in the Oldman River Basin (ORB), a crucial watershed in semi‐arid southern Alberta. The analysis reveals critical cultural and historical considerations that confront those attempting to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems in the ORB and highlights specific factors that influence implementation of measures to protect it. In addition to the most basic consideration—demand for water exceeds supplies—eight specific factors that influenced aquatic ecosystem protection in this region are identified and evaluated. These include (1) clarity of actors’ roles/ jurisdictional responsibilities; (2) communication; (3) definition of key terms; (4) funding and organizational capacity; (5) leadership; (6) legal standing; (7) data and monitoring; and (8) public education. We argue that while these factors are important, critical cultural and historical considerations that influence water policy in the province also must be addressed in any efforts to protect aquatic ecosystems in southern Alberta.     

浅谈"管理伦理"诸学科的逻辑演进

管理伦理作为一门元学科,发端于企业伦理,拓展于政府管理领域的行政伦理。经过公共伦理的瑕扰之后,最终公共管理伦理登上了管理伦理演进的舞台。这一复杂的过程正反映了管理伦理诸学科的演进史,也揭示了管理伦理元学科的发展规律与发展方向。     

Emulation and Empowerment: Material, Social, and Economic Dynamics in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Virginia

The influence of emulative behavior on the material and socioeconomic transformations of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Anglo-American world is widely debated. A study of historical archaeological sites and probate inventories in Virginia implicates emulation as one ethic operative in rural communities but also identifies a second dynamic: a tendency for many planters of divergent means to act in step with one another, responding in similar ways to new circumstances. Here termed a cultural accord, this affinity enabled some individuals who occupied middling social positions to use emulation advantageously in ways that less privileged members of the population could not.     

Cultural geography of vernacular architecture in a cross-cultural context: houses of the Dai ethnic minority in South China

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the cultural geography of the vernacular architecture of the Dai ethnic minority in Dehong Prefecture, located on the border between southern China and Myanmar. The objectives of the study include: exploring the characteristics and distributions of built forms, identifying the hybridization of ideal Dai pattern-built forms in Southeast Asia caused by the influence of the Han Chinese, and discussing the continuity and change of vernacular architecture in a cross-cultural context. The field methods include a physical survey of the cultural geography of Dai living as rice farmers in lowland geographies, a detailed investigation of their houses, and in-depth interviews with local informants about the dynamics of changes under socio-political constraints in China. The findings provide insight and knowledge about the cultural geography of architecture in a cross-cultural context.     

殷周文化传统与先秦儒家圣人内涵的政治维度

先秦儒家圣人具有德业并重的特点,其内涵除了具有伦理维度外,也有政治维度。殷周文化传统的影响是先秦儒家圣人内涵政治维度得以形成的重要原因。先秦儒家圣人的则天、知天与殷代巫文化传统的通天有关,先秦儒家圣人作为人伦之至与周代的德文化传统有关。殷周文化传统的影响,对于先秦儒家圣人成为从天下无道向天下有道转变的秩序建构主体至关重要。探讨殷周文化传统对于先秦儒家圣人观的影响,有助于我们把握先秦儒家关注社会现实、以天下为己任的救世情怀和致思路向,从而在整体上深化对于儒家思想在中国传统社会中的功能、作用和地位的认识。     

历史社会地理研究刍议

本文对历史社会地理的研究内涵作了初步的勾勒,认为历史社会地理是研究历史时期各地人群的形成、分布及其变迁,研究地理因素对社会文化现象的影响,具体研究内容应包括历史时期社区及社会现象的地理研究,后者包括人群研究、风俗地理和社会变迁等。     

Culture and Development Ethics: Needs,Women's Rights,and Western Theories

Can development ethics avoid presuming that European cultures have universal validity and yet also avoid treating every distinct culture as sacrosanct and beyond criticism? While work on ‘culture and development’ valuably stresses the importance of cultural differences and identity it has often been hindered by conceptual limitations when faced with the ambiguities, variety, conflict and change within societies. This article queries a communitarian belief, that morality cannot be anything other than whatever a community's norms are, and suggests that recent development ethics work usefully blends universalist ethics with room for local traditions and choices. As advances on both (a) forms of liberalism that are universalist in scope but Eurocentric and over-individualistic in content, and (b) relativist forms of communitarian or post-modern ethics, three current approaches are noted: new work on Basic Human Needs theory, including Amartya Sen's capabilities approach; Martha Nussbaum's Aristotelian extension of Sen; and Onora O'Neill's Kantian development ethic. Particular attention is paid in the article to disputes concerning women's rights.     

城市轨道交通建设对沿线古建(构)筑影响分析及保护对策研究

城市轨道交通建设对周围地层和周边古建(构)筑物的影响是不可避免的。通过分析隧道盾构施工对周围土体的影响因素及处于影响区域内古建(构)筑因地层扰动带来的安全风险,针对性地研究并提出盾构施工对文物建(构)筑的保护和控制措施,尽可能规避和减少盾构施工对古建(构)筑物的扰动和损害,以保证文物安全,实现城市建设与历史文化资源保护的协调和可持续发展。     

“Wilderness” revisited: Is Canadian park management moving beyond the “wilderness” ethic?

This paper questions whether the rescaling of conservation practice in Canada to include local and Indigenous communities, NGOs, and private market-based actors represents a move away from wilderness-thinking in conservation, and what implications this might have for the future of conservation in Canada. We explore the links between Cronon's “wilderness” ethic and coloniality, racism/sexism/classism, and political economy, and the extent to which recent trends in conservation practice, such as co-management arrangements, private tourism proposals, and a shift in programming to attract a diverse public to parks, help us to move beyond the limited vision for conservation and environmentalism that the wilderness ethic provides. We interrogate the ways in which the concept of wilderness is being employed, resisted, and transformed by a multitude of actors in three parks and conservation areas across Canada. We argue that although recent developments in conservation practice help to redress some of the worrisome aspects of wilderness-thinking in parks, they also reinforce and re-emphasize problematic lines of thinking and praxis. While the wilderness character of Canadian parks has shifted a great deal since the turn of the 20^th century, the wilderness ethic remains deeply embedded within conservation discourse and practice.