荷兰木鞋流传有因

到荷兰,让人惊叹的是荷兰古代的木鞋,既实用,又成为一种现代工艺品,弘扬着荷兰的民族文化。     

面饼好吃功夫深

不久前,在一家大酒店的宴席上,我吃到了面饼,那算是城里的面饼,饼馅是高档的烤鸭、大葱丝和甜面酱。触景生情,我不由想起了家乡的面饼。     

阿姆斯特丹之旅

<正>阿姆斯特丹人居水上、水入城中,人水相依,景自天成,还等什么,赶快去感受一下这浪漫水都的情怀吧。有座城堡,在水一方10月是荷兰旅游的旺季,我们也踏上了去往荷兰的客机。一下飞机我们就跟随旅行社准备的大巴前往阿姆斯特丹市中心,一路上,我被眼前的景象震惊了,从来没     

年画的另类——鲁西南的“书夹子”

The New Year‘s pictures of Dong Chang Mansion are chromolithographic version with various topics in each aspect. The Shu Jiazi,introduced in this article, has more drama plays instead of the legendary stories, which is also a popular folk art form displayed bythe pictures with special character just like the common New Year‘s pictures. The author made an elaborated introduction on its origin, development and social functions.     

History and Culture of the Tibetan-Inhabited Areas in Highland

With regard to the Tibetan-inhabited area in Sichuan, people are most familiar with Garze and Aba Tibet Autonomous Prefectures, and the Moli Autonomous County, but several Tibetan-inhabited townships in Ya＇an such as Qiaoqi are not so well known. During the last ten days of January 2005, along with Professor Li Shaoming, Li Xingxing, and Shi Shuo from Sichuan Ethnic Research Institute and Sichuan University＇s Tibetology Research Institute, I went to Qiaoqi on a cultural investigation.     

神秘的打鱼人——罗布人

在新疆罗布泊地区,生活着一些操罗布方言、以打鱼为生的土居民,被称为“罗布人”。千百年来他们与世隔绝,如今。沙漠中只剩下了为数不多的“最后的罗布人”。他们在沙漠中的海子边打鱼狩猎。种庄稼,保持着原始的风俗习惯。其生活充满了神秘色彩。     

尽人事之所能 夺天工之奇巧——闲话紫砂壶

紫砂器的起源．历来有多种说法。传说,宜必紫砂泥最早是由一个异僧先发现的．随后他便沿利边走边喊：“卖宝贵去”,见村里的人不理睬,又嘁：“不买贵．那买富怎样?”村人见奇．就跟着他走,而走到一个山洞．果然发现有五色斑斓的泥土,很适宜制陶．从而发现了紫砂泥。可惜的是,这个传说没有年代．我们不知道它是发现于什么时候。     

禾田桑皮纸

用桑树皮造纸的历史很久远,明清时期便在新疆盛行、在墨玉县农村的一个家庭造纸作坊,我拍到了用桑树皮造纸的全过程。     

陕西出土明代漆棺制作工艺及材质研究

为了更好地了解亚浸水漆器的制作工艺及材质,为该类文物修复保护提供科学依据,本工作采用扫描电镜能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析等技术对出土于陕西长安县明代墓葬一漆棺的制作工艺及主要制作材料进行了分析研究。结果表明,漆棺是按照木胎-纤维-灰层-漆膜-颜料的工序制作的,主要使用材料有麻、粘土类物质、生漆、金及朱砂颜料。漆棺制作工艺及材质与文献记载基本一致,是中国古代漆棺传统工艺制作的典型代表。     

SHEEP IN THE YEAR OF WOOD SHEEP

<正>Editor's Note:During Tibetan New Year celebrations,a colorful sheep head carved with yak butter is always placed in the middle of an altar in each household.The sheep head is pronounced as"Loguo"in Tibetan,similar in sound with"Losar",meaning the Tibetan New Year.As2015 is the Year of the Wood Sheep in the Tibetan calendar,we present this special report on why the sheep holds     

POSSIBLE CARBON-14 ENRICHMENT IN HIGH ALTITUDE WOOD

It has been suggested that utilization of the bristlecone pine calibration for ¹⁴C age correction can result in dates which are up to several hundred years too early in comparison with archaeological evidence. Among other possible causes in situ production of ¹⁴C due to the high altitude growth region of the bristlecone pine has been proposed to explain this effect. Although theoretical evaluation indicates that a significant amount of ¹⁴C could be produced by this mechanism, irradiation of bristlecone pine wood with a neutron dose equivalent to the calculated cosmic ray maximum received by a 6000-year-old tree did not produce any detectable effect. Other geochemical considerations related to the growth environment of these trees may offer a possible explanation for enhanced ¹⁴C levels. These inherent uncertainties in the ¹⁴C record of the bristlecone pine emphasize the need for an alternative source of tree-rings for comparative correlation with the ¹⁴C time-scale.     

EVALUATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WATERLOGGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD

A series of 112 waterlogged archaeological wood samples of different provenances, wood species, burial times and states of preservation were analysed with the aim of assessing the validity (in terms of limits and reliability) of procedures conventionally used in the pulp and paper industry, to evaluate the state of preservation of decayed wood. In particular, the extent of any damage wrought on decayed wood tissue by the repetitive cycles that characterize these procedures was evaluated as a function of the degradation of the samples. The results indicated that standard methodologies give reliable measurements regardless of the extent of wood decay. However, it is essential to compare these data with those of non‐decayed wood that has been measured using the same procedures to take account of the errors that are inherent in these methodologies and that affect measurements.     

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF WATERLOGGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD: THE THREE ROMAN SHIPS FOUND IN NAPLES (ITALY)*

Three apparently well‐preserved shipwrecks dating back to Roman times were brought to light near Piazza Municipio in Naples (Italy), during the excavation for the construction of Line 1 of the subway. The shipwrecks were covered by marine sand and silt, below the water table. In order to establish the nature and the extent of wood degradation and, therefore, determine how best to preserve the shipwrecks, a diagnostic investigation was carried out. The study involved the identification of wood species, chemical characterization of the residue component and physical and micro‐morphological characterization.