马王堆汉墓出土医书释文(二)

本刊1975年第6期发表了《马王堆汉墓出土医书释文(一)》,这里发表的是医书第二部分的初步释文。这一部分医书内容是治疗五十二种病症的二百七十余个古医方,原无书名,今定名为《五十二病方》。书首有目录,正文中每种疾病都有抬头标题,两者基本一致。每种病名标题下分别记载各种不同的方剂和疗法,各以"一"字作为标志,少则一二方,多则二三十方不等。     

马王堆帛书四种古医学佚书简介

马王堆出土的帛书中有四种关于医学理论的著作,即两种古经脉学佚书——《足臂十一脉灸经》和《阴阳十一脉灸经》(甲、乙本),两种古诊断学佚书——《脉法》和《阴阳脉死候》。《足臂十一脉灸经》、《阴阳十一脉灸经》甲本、《脉法》、《阴阳脉死候》均与《五十二病方》的前半部五种医书一起抄录在一幅长帛上。除《五十二病方》外,其余四种见本期     

《千金翼方诠译》读记

《千金翼方诠译》读记陈增岳钱超尘先生编的《千金翼方诠译》（学苑出版社,９５·３）,为《千金翼》国内首次校注本,对《千金翼》的整理付出了艰苦的劳动,其嘉惠于学医者可谓多矣,然而医书校理之难,人所共知,今就其书中校注部分存在的问题,择其要者,略加申发,以...     

四川成都天回汉墓医简的命名与学术源流考

2012年7月至2013年8月,成都市文物考古工作队等对位于金牛区天回镇的一处西汉墓地进行了发掘,其中M3北Ⅱ、南Ⅱ底室出土竹简951支,主要为医书。根据竹简的形制和内容,北Ⅱ底室出土的竹简可分别定名为《脉书·上经》《脉书·下经》《治六十病和齐汤法》《刾数》《逆顺五色脉臧验精神》。天回医简的主体部分抄录于西汉吕后至文帝时期,《脉书·上经》所见残文中出现"敝昔曰",医书主要内容与仓公所传古医经相类,可证明天回医简所载医书传自扁鹊、仓公。     

旅菲华侨名医 伍乔年

前些日子,笔者在厦门集美一家旧书店看到一部手抄的医书,名叫《自编四时六气新伏病证歌》,这部医书的封面．有“伍玉璇熟读”几个字．显然,这书的作者不是伍玉璇。巧得很．书的首页有“晋江伍乔年初稿”几个字。可见,这部医书的作者是晋江一个叫伍乔年的中医。     

宋代医学古籍整理与研究浅论

宋代医学古籍研究和整理的成就是前代所不能此的。《宋史·艺文志》著录的医学古籍就有五百零九部之多。现存经典医著《内经》、《难经》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》、《脉经》、《千金要方》等的最早版本,都是宋代“校正医书局”刊刻的,这在医学史上是功高千古的大事。在本草古籍的整理上,在经典医书的研究上,在各种方书的搜集上,都取得了巨大的成就。特别是宋代在医籍整理与(?)究中所采取的政策和措施,都收到了良好的效果。     

成都天回老官山汉简的现场提取和室内清理

2012～2013年成都文物考古研究院与荆州文物保护中心联合发掘了成都市天回镇老官山西汉木椁墓,发现一批竹简。按事先制定的预案,采用“托板插入法”现场提取整堆竹简,进入实验室内清理,依照冲淤、采样、照像、绘图、分区、编号、剥离、提取和置定竹简等步骤,全面采集和记录了出土竹简的相关信息。初步统计老官山M3出土竹简930支。最初据堆积状况将北Ⅱ底室744支竹简分为四区七卷竹书,然后利用红外扫描照片、按区分最小单位原则,又将七卷细分为九部书。最后将全部医简内容合并为五部扁鹊学派医书,以及其他内容简共七部竹书：（一）《五色诊病》,（二）《脉书上经》,（三）《禁方》,（四）《脉书下经》,（五）《刺数》,（六）《法令》,（七）《医马书》。此次竹简考古现场提取和实验室清理是考古发掘、文物保护、古文字和医史研究多学科协作的一次成功实践。     

俄藏黑水城文献911号西夏文医书第14-1页药方考释

本文首次对《俄藏黑水城文献》第10册,编号ИHB.NO.911的西夏文医书中第1页所载药方进行了释读、考校,认为此药方为治疗出血性痢疾的“四白丸”,其组方为“白石脂、白龙骨、胡粉、白矾”.其药方来源于宋《太平圣惠方》卷59“治水谷痢诸方”所载“四白丸方”.     

北京大学藏西汉竹书概说

北京大学藏西汉竹书共有竹简3346枚,大约抄写于西汉中期。这批竹简形制多样,修治工巧,书法精美,保存状况极佳。竹简背面多有较浅的斜直划痕,可以作为简序复原的参考。竹书内容极为丰富,包含有《苍颉篇》、《赵正书》、《老子〉、《周驯》、《妄稽》、《反淫》、《日书》、《堪舆》、《雨书》、《六博》、《荆决》和医书等近20种古代文献,具有十分重要的学术价值。它的发现、整理与研究,将在历史学、文献学、考古学、古文字学以及文学和书法艺术等多个方面,提供宝贵的新资料和新认识。     

西汉海昏侯刘贺墓出土《论语·知道》简初探

正海昏侯刘贺墓出土竹简约5000支,从初步清理和保护情况看,竹简的内容包括《悼亡赋》、《论语》、《易经》、《礼记》、《孝经》、《医书》、《六博棋谱》等文献,其中,《论语·知道》篇,很可能属于《论语》的《齐论》版本[1]。简报公布的图片为同一支简的正、反面(图一)。一般情况下,竹简上的文字多书于一面,此简正、反两面均书文字,当为此篇竹书的篇首简。西汉时期,《论语》分为《鲁论》、《齐论》、《古论》三个版本。关于《齐论语》与《论语》其他版     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.