跨学科研究与当代中国史学科发展的前景

当代中国史是历史学家族中最年轻的一门学科,也是最富发展潜力的一门学科,其优势和活力主要表现在能够充分借鉴、运用和整合其他学科的理论和方法。在当代中国史学科中提倡跨学科研究,一方面是指运用其他学科的理论和方法拓宽当代中国史研究的范围,从而更好地体现当代中国史学科的整体性、综合性;另一方面是指借鉴其他学科的理论和方法,从新的视角或新的思路拓展当代中国史研究的深度,增强其学术性与科学性。越来越多的学术实践表明,整合其他学科的理论和方法、实现自身的进步已成为当代中国史学科发展的重要趋势。     

广州作为古都的历史地理因素

经过近20年的努力,一门崭新的古都学已经出现在中国学坛。这门学科过去所取得的成就是举世瞩目,有口皆碑的。特别是以已故陕西师大史念海教授为首一批历史地理学者,对这个学科研究对象、性质、任务和方法等所提出的理论建构,有效地支持了我国古都的研究、保护和规划。由于     

试论中共党史学的边缘化趋势

边缘化,是就中共党史的学科性质而言的。作为一门独立的学科,中共党史学属于历史学科,以中国共产党的客观历史进程为主体研究对象。这一学科的发展,有其自身的规律和特征,它经历了一个由萌生、初建、成型、挫折到复兴的发展过程。这一发展过程的前四个阶段有一些共同的特征：在指导理论和研究方法上,以单纯的唯物史观为指导,以阶级分析法为主体研究方法。     

浅议初中思想政治教学中素质教育的渗透

初中思想政治课,由于其学科本身的特点、性质,决定了在教学过程中要做到理论与实践相结合,学科知识教育与德育教育相结合,知与行相统一。这对思想政治课的教学提出更高的要求：要使该学科获得好的教学效果,必须全面实施素质教育。     

大科学思维与21世纪旅游学理论革命

本用大科学的思维观念对旅游学的学科地位、学科性质、学科体系、学科方法论、学科研究方法等方面的理论革新进行了探讨。     

试论历史思潮的学科定位及重要价值

<正>2019年1月，随着中国历史研究院和中国社会科学院历史理论研究所历史思潮研究室的成立，历史思潮作为学科受到普遍关注。自此伊始，如何推动历史思潮学科建设，如何推进历史思潮研究，成为一个重要问题。历史思潮在学科分类上属于历史理论的研究范畴，属于历史理论研究的分支学科。对于如何定义历史思潮、界定历史思潮学科性质等问题，学界至今尚无细论。对此，有必要从学科的角度做出比较中肯的界定，以推动这一学科的建设与发展。     

关于中共党史学理论的若干问题

关于中共党史学理论和方法的研究一直比较薄弱,而且其中若干问题尚存有争议。关于中共党史学的理论方法论体系、学科性质与特点、学科的研究对象与研究内容、党史的体系与历史分期等问题,有进一步探讨、研究和厘清的必要。     

丝绸之路研究呼唤学科理论建设——“丝绸之路学”理论研讨会侧记

丝绸之路研究呼唤学科理论建设——“丝绸之路学”理论研讨会侧记８编者按：古代丝绸之路的辉煌历史与现代丝绸之路的无限生机，使丝绸之路学成为当今一门世界性显学。但作为一门独立学科，丝绸之路学的理论建构问题的探讨，仍然显得比较薄弱。如它应是一门什么性质的学科...     

比较考古学的方法论思考

一对两件或多件事物进行比较,是人类获得对事物之间关系或事物本身性质认识的基本方法之一,这被广泛应用于社会科学研究,其中文学、法学和人类学等学科已经建立了一套相当成熟的比较研究理论和方法体系,并在此基础上展开各类专题研究,甚至形成相应的学科分支,如比较文学、比较法学、比较政治学和比较社会学等。     

改革开放40年来的中国历史地理研究

正历史地理学是历史学的一个分支学科,也是地理学的组成部分,改革开放40年来学术领域持续扩展,教学与研究单位数量一直保持增长势头,形成了一支稳定的学术队伍,取得了可观的学术成就。一、学科体系(一)学科理论探索20世纪80年代,有关历史地理学学科性质、任务和属性等基本理论问题的讨论已经取得基本共识。学者们从不同角度提出了种种新说,既发生过地理学与历史学之     

Reine und angewandte Chemie Die Entstehung einer neuen Wissenschaftskonzeption in der Chemie der Aufklärung

In its attempt to achieve acknowledgement and support as a true science and academic discipline eighteenth-century chemistry experienced that the traditional distinction between theory and practice, respectively between science and art, was an incriminating heritage and did not longer conform to the way chemists saw themselves. In order to substitute the former, socially judging classification into theoretical science and practical art, J. G. Wallerius from Uppsala coined the term pure and applied chemistry in 1751. The idea behind this new conception was that it ought to be chemistry's research aim and not the kind of work, be it manual or intellectual, which was to decide about its branches and their dignity. The change in orientation which took place during the eighteenth century, and which is symbolized by the new dichotomy “pure and applied”, led towards a revaluation of the utilitarian aspects of chemistry. Its historical roots reach back to a long and fruitful cooperation of, and interaction between chemistry and economy, which was reinforced by the Stahlian tradition in Germany and Scandinavia. Subsequently, it was its strong economic bias that helped chemistry to become institutionalized and accepted as an academic discipline distinct from the medico-pharmaceutical profession. The analysis of this change of attitudes, behaviour and institutional pattern suggests that, at least during the period of institutionalization of this particular discipline, social structures and the intrinsic scientific contents are so tightly interrelated, that any division into “internal”, cognitive developments (facts, theory and subject-matter) and “external” conditions (social context and stategies of institutionalization) would be artificial, since they both constitute the scientific community as a context of argumentation and action.     

Reproducing Political Subjects: Feminist Scholarship and the Political Science Curriculum

In this article we analyse 16 politics textbooks that feature in introductory courses in politics, political theory or political thought taught in Australian universities. Our concern was to investigate how commonly used first-yearintroductory texts position feminist political theory (and its underlying scholarship) within political theory, and by extension within the discipline of political science. Our findings suggest that the scholarship of feminist theorists remains only occasionally visible to students of political science. It is mostly confined to the safety of managed enclaves, occasionally acknowledged, but certainly not integrated into what counts as the real knowledge of political theory.     

Importing Concepts from Biology into Political Science: The Case of Punctuated Equilibrium

From the 1950s to the 1990s, the “incrementalist” model dominated theories of policymaking. Since Baumgartner and Jones's Agendas and Instability in American Politics was published in 1993, however, the “punctuated equilibrium” model, borrowed from evolutionary biology, has supplanted the incrementalist model. But what do such alien models do to the discipline of political science, and what does the discipline do to the models, when they are thus imported? In this article, I first discuss the functions of concepts in political science, then discuss and analyze the creation and meaning of the concept of punctuated equilibrium in biology, then trace its transformation as it was initially adopted by political scientists, then analyze the manner in which its meaning developed and altered as it grew in popularity within the discipline, and finally assess its value to political science now. I will conclude with some general observations about the process of importing concepts from outside the discipline.     

Der Ort des rhetorischen Wissens Kunst und Natur bei Isokrates

This paper poses the question of the place of rhetoric as a discipline. It addresses the topical demand that nature, art, and exercise have to be combined by way of an analysis of Isocrates' Against the Sophists. Its thesis is that the call for a “combination” of art and nature solves the disciplinary problems of rhetoric, even though such a synthesis is in fact inconceivable. Rhetoric is not a science, and does not have access to a methodical correlation of rhetorical strategies and their effects upon the audience. Isocrates' criticism of those rhetoricians who assume that their art could be taught in much the same way as the art of writing is of paramount importance here. The case of Isocrates is instructive because it shows how rhetorical success depends on re-designing the institutional structure of rhetoric and on the capacity to cope with its lack of methodical knowledge. As a result of its para-scientific nature, rhetoric refers to various models and metaphors to present itself as a discipline. Of these the orator perfectus, the orator imperfectus, and the sophist model of the art of writing as criticized by Isocrates are discussed. This paper attempts a rhetorical reading of the discourse of rhetoric by exploring the implications of these metaphors. At the same time it argues for a history of science which does not shrink away from an analysis of such para-sciences as rhetoric. It is precisely the lacking scientificity of rhetoric as a discipline which warrants increased attention from the point of view of the history of science.     

地理哲学研究若干问题刍议

本文论述地理哲学研究的重要性,介绍西方地理哲学的发展概况和研究动态,分析我国地理哲学研究落后的主要原因,对如何开展我国地理哲学研究提出一些建议。     

20世纪考古学的历程

技术的进步是考古学进行一切分析研究的基础,而理论的探索则是考古学的灵魂。考古学家开始将主要精力集中在考古学学科体系与理论方法的探索及人类化演进过程中关键性的转变环节等几个至关重要的问题上。     

Critical GIScience in Canada in the new millennium

Critical GIS (CGIS) is an approach to evaluating GIS technology that draws upon multiple intellectual tool kits—from geography, social theory and computing science. While its roots are in the battles between human geographers and GIScientists in the 1990s, CGIS has emerged as an independent, constructive approach to enhancing the power and appeal of GIS. CGIS is also beginning to gain acceptance as a legitimate component of the broad tent that is GIScience. This short article reviews the emergence of CGIS, discusses its influence on the discipline of GIScience and finally explores the state of CGIS in Canada.     

从CSSCI旅游研究文献看旅游学学科发展

文章通过对中文社会科学引文索引1998-2005年度8年间旅游研究论文的统计分析,力图从发文和引文两个方面考察旅游学学科的研究现状及发展趋势,从而为本学科的教育、人才培养、学科建设提供帮助,为制定科学研究发展规划、科研政策提供科学合理的决策参考。     

中国古都学理论建设刍议

根据中国古都学近年来实证性研究蓬勃开展, 成果丰硕, 而理论研究相对滞后的形势, 强调了适时加强理论建设对推进这门新兴学科深入发展之重要作用; 同时对当前加强中国古都学理论建设从学术层面上提出了三点见解, 指出应充分注意这门学科的学科性质与任务、深刻把握其学科特性、恰当关注其学科组成的层次性与相应之理论体系之层次性; 论文还对加强学科理论建设之途径提出了三条具体建议。     

A DEFENSE OF ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPE SCIENCE

A founder of the Soviet school of anthropogenic landscape science defends the discipline against charges that it ignores the fundamentals of geographic landscape theory and confuses anthropogenic landscapes with types of land use and engineering structures. The development of a separate anthropogenic approach in landscape science is justified on the ground that maninduced landscapes, such as cropland, pasture, vineyards, secondary forest, reservoirs, open pits and spoil banks play an increasing role in the environment and require separate investigation. Anthropogenic landscapes, far from being counterposed to natural landscapes, are treated as a distinctive genetic group of landscapes that owe their origin to human interference, but follow natural laws of development. Anthropogenic landscape science is said to be concerned with the physical-geographic and ecological aspects of human impact on the environment, while the study of types of land use focuses on the technology and economic benefit of such impact. [For previous translations on the issue, see Soviet Geography, October 1974 and December 1975.]