市县志风俗篇编纂存在的问题及改正办法

两轮修志以来,许多志书风俗篇编纂存在问题:生产习俗记述的是农业生产,有的记述物候节令,生产习俗应记述农业、商业、手工业一些独特的生产习俗事象;出行习俗记述的是交通工具;饮食习俗多记述的是生活水平或食品制做工艺,应记述各地什么时候食用什么食品;志书风俗篇不记述风尚,而记述的新风尚是一些各类型的好人好事,既不是风尚也不是习俗。针对这些问题提出了改正办法。     

别具风情的肃州端午节

沅湘江一带五月初五包粽子的习俗传到肃州后融了肃州当地的生产特点、生活习俗和文化特色,形成了肃州特有的端午文化和民风民俗。肃州人端午节除了吃粽子、米糕,喝雄黄酒,洒雄黄水外,尚有许多本地习俗。     

潮汕民间亲属称谓习俗及流变原因

中华传统文化以伦理道德型而著称。伦理纲常深透于社会经济、政治、文化、家庭等等各个领域,亲属之间的相互称谓也有充分的体现。潮汕是中国的潮汕。潮汕先民的主体是古代中原移民。潮汕人在继承、保留中原汉民族民间亲属称谓习俗的同时,在长期的社会生产生活实践中又创造了具有鲜明地方特色的民间亲属称谓习俗。随着社会的变迁,时代的发展,潮汕民间亲属称谓习俗不可避免地与其他习俗一样发生了流变。本文试在考察潮汕民间亲属称谓习俗的基础上,     

山东蓬莱海洋民俗研究

蓬莱地处山东半岛北端,因“海市蜃楼”和“八仙过海”传说而享誉海内外。蓬莱有着悠久的海洋文化,新石器时代就有人类居住,先民们傍海而居,以海洋生物为生,遗存下大量的贝丘遗址和海洋民俗,总结、传承了大量涉海生活的规约习俗。本文从海洋生产习俗、渔家生活习俗、海洋信仰与禁忌、海洋民间节庆等方面阐述了蓬莱的海洋民俗。     

战国秦汉时期巴蜀丧葬习俗——船棺葬及其民俗文化内涵

船棺葬是战国秦汉间巴蜀地区流行的一种丧葬习俗。本文运用民俗学和文化人类学相结合的方法 ,从船棺葬的发现与地理分布、船棺葬与巴蜀先民生产与生活的关系、船棺葬的特点及其民俗文化内涵等三个方面 ,探讨这一古老的丧葬习俗形成的原因 ,以及它所蕴藏的民俗文化内涵。指出巴蜀船棺葬的产生 ,既是巴蜀先民受到本民族“送魂”意识支配下的产物 ,同时又与古代巴蜀先民的生产活动与生活习俗有着密切的联系。     

丹寨苗族生产习俗实录

凤刚（贵州丹寨县志办）丹寨县是个苗族人口占７０％以上的少数民族山区县,县内１００％的行政村（街）、８４％的自然寨居住有苗族户,世代生活在这里的苗族人民,绝大多数属于苗族中的“嘎闹”支系,操用苗语黔东方言。勤劳智慧的丹寨苗族人民不仅在生产劳动中了光辉的物质成就,而且还形成了种种质朴多彩的传统生产习俗。拙文之意,不仅是单纯记述这些生产习俗的外在特征,以供人们知晓一方之风情趣事,更是力图探寻这些生产习俗之所以形成和延续的内在原因,让人们了解苗族人民的独具特色的民俗心理,从而有助于有关部门和人们在新生民…     

西藏的土葬习俗

廖方容在《西藏研究》2005年第二期上发表了关于西藏土葬习俗的章。土葬在藏族的历史上曾有过一段盛行的时期,从王室到平民都大为推崇。但经过历史的洗礼后,这一习俗却悄然隐退,仅在一些偏远地区还有残余,但其意义较之以前,已大为殊异。而作的这篇章旨在分析土葬习俗的发展演变线索,力求揭示隐藏在其背后诸方面的原因。作首先整理搜集历史献,分析阐述了土葬习俗的历史沿革;然后又分别从自然环境、社会生产、政治环境、宗教影响等四个因素与土葬习俗的关系进行了分析研究;最后作得出关于土葬习俗衰落的结论。     

浅谈金代女真人的婚姻习俗和族际婚

婚姻是人类历史发展的产物,是社会生产的重要组成部分,并且影响着整个人类社会的发展。婚姻习俗是婚姻具象化的表现形式,包括的内容广泛,对婚姻的实现具有重要作用。伴随着社会生产方式的发展,每个民族形成了各具特色的婚姻习俗。金代女真族既有少数民族婚姻系数的共性,又具有其特殊性,形成了自己特色的发展道路。     

承德满族民俗探源

任何一个国家和民族的风俗习惯,无不起源于原始生产生活方式、特定自然条件和社会斗争。这是马克思主义唯物史观的起码常识。我们知道,人类一切政治、科学、教育、文化的形成和发展,都是以物质生产的形成和发展为基础的。承德满族生活习俗文化的形成和发展同样如此。我们欲知占承德少数民族人口88．5％的满族生活习俗的起源,只有从他们原始物质生产方式和历史源流谈起,才能看出探求他们的生活习俗起源是否接近历史的真实。承德满族先人──女真族来自同族异部：一部是建立大金的完颜女真,后金灭亡后,进人承德境内的女真人,没有全部…     

江孜人的生育习俗

江孜人的生育习俗包括孕育习俗和诞生习俗。 1、孕育期的习俗 从江孜地区的情况来看孕育期虽然没有什么特殊的习俗,但也有一些禁忌。比如有的村庄,孕妇不能在娘家或兄弟家中分娩。其原因据说是在孩子出世时因     

Train Ready to Climb to Lhasa

On July 1, express trains starting from Beijing and other cities will pass through Xining and Golmud and finally reach Lhasa. On that date, Tibet＇s long history of having no access to railway transportation will come to an end.     

Rom to Rom/Rom to Gaje

Rena C. Gropper. Gypsies in the City. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975. xi + 235 pp. Tables, figures, maps, illustrations, appendix, glossary, bibliography and index. $9.95

Farnham Rehfisch, ed. Gypsies, Tinkers and Other Travellers. London and New York: Academic Press, 1975. x + 303 pp. Figures, tables, glossary and index. $15.25.

Anne Sutherland. Gypsies: The Hidden Americans. New York: The Free Press, 1975. x + 330 pp. Tables, figures, appendices, glossary, bibliography and indices. $13.95.     

注重继承努力创新--读《惠州志·艺文卷》

首轮新方志的编修出版,在广东省乃至全国已接近尾声.首轮志书设艺文志的极少,造成这种情况的原因,固然有首轮志书编修过程中对人文重视不够的氛围,更有着面对汗牛充栋的古代的乃至当代的著述,如何选择记载的难题.于是,付之阙如不失为权宜之计,但因此也就使首轮修志留下了一个普遍的遗憾.近日,<惠州志*艺文卷>一卷付梓惠州市惠城区地方志编纂委员会编,邹永祥、吴定球编纂:<惠州志*艺文卷>,中华书局2004年版.,笔者阅后感到耳目一新.     

Algonquin Revisited: Biography to Hagiography to Label

Entitled “Canada and the United States: Principles for Partnership” and prepared at the behest of American President Lyndon Johnson and Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson, the so-called Merchant–Heeney report set out a series of guiding principles for the smooth conduct of bilateral relations. Drawing on their vast experience at managing this relationship, Arnold Heeney and Livingston Merchant, two former ambassadors, devised their guidebook by tracing the nature of Canada–US relations, examining areas where problems commonly arose, and offering suggestions towards building a more successful partnership. “Principles for Partnership” may have been their swansong but it was not Merchant and Heeney's sole statement on the Canadian–American relationship. Drawing on speeches, memoranda, and diplomatic cables, this article shows how Merchant and Heeney each conceived of the partnership between their two countries and how they viewed the influence of factors such as Canadian nationalism and the United States' preponderant power.     

志于道 据于德 依于仁 游于艺

志于道、据于德、依于仁、游于艺是古人圣贤对一个有着整全修养的日常生活比较全面的概括.志于道是向远处的企望引导,志于天道,使生活有超出日常繁琐事务的眼界;据于德是向近处的落实出发,据于人道,修行以达远方;依于仁是友人互相讲习促进,以明道修德;游于艺则是在六艺的领域中悠游自乐,在优游涵泳中成德达道.这些思想在中国的绘画、书法中也有充分的体现.     

Obstacles to women's progress to be addressed in Beijing

Speakers at the Third Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee Assembly held in December 1994 maintained that power sharing between women and men is still intolerably low and that economic hardship, abuse, and discrimination remain. One speaker announced that society needs to do more to challenge obstacles to women's advancement: poverty, violence, access to resources, women's rights, education, and health. She asserted that, for this reason, the Fourth World Conference on Women scheduled for September 1995 in Beijing must succeed. Discussions and action at the December assembly will constitute a major part of the groundwork for the Beijing Conference. The Committee debate centered on the advancement of women as a cause and effect of development. The 1994 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development shows that economic development may be complexly connected with advancement of women. In societies where women have progressed, the economy tends to grow steadily, while, in societies where women cannot fully participate in development, the economy is stagnant. The Assembly called on the Commission on the Status of Women to ensure that the Platform for Action recognize and incorporate older women's concerns and contributions to development into its strategies, programs, and policies. It also called for countries to protect women migrant workers from violence and corrupt recruitment practices. It condemned the illegal trafficking of women and girls across borders for sexual or economic oppressive and exploitative purposes and for other illegal activities (forced domestic labor, false marriages, clandestine employment, and false adoption).