中国实践视角下生态旅游理解误区分析

本文对目前学术界对生态旅游概念的有关界定进行了梳理,提出了更具本质规定性的生态旅游定义,并以此定义为基础,分析了理论中生态旅游与其他旅游方式的关系。结合中国生态旅游发展现状,得出中国实践视角下生态旅游理解误区的有关分析。     

沿海生态旅游资源评价的核心问题探讨--以江苏沿海为例

文章从生态旅游的角度出发,从沿海生态旅游资源价值构成分析切入,基于可持续发展的理论构建沿海生态旅游资源价值体系和评价指标。以江苏沿海为例,从哲学、认知论的层面上,分析了沿海生态旅游资源的旅游(审美)、生态(伦理)、经济(功利)价值,从景观生态学、旅游学、心理学、经济学、社会符号学等交叉学科出发探讨了沿海生态旅游资源评价的尺度和过程,最后举例适合沿海生态旅游资源评价的方法,理论联系实际,梳理了评价的主要理论问题。     

闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的理论模式研究

本文从系统论的角度出发,分析了闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的理论基础,探讨了二者之间的耦合关系,梳理了闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的战略理论和应用理论,为二者之间的耦合提供了明晰的思路。     

闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的理论模式研究

本文从系统论的角度出发,分析了闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的理论基础,探讨了二者之间的耦合关系,梳理了闲暇环境教育与生态旅游耦合的战略理论和应用理论,为二者之间的耦合提供了明晰的思路。     

白头叶猴板利自然保护区的吸引力分析

伴随着生态旅游人数的日益增长 , 研究生态旅游资源吸引力变得尤为重要。研究景区吸引力不仅能为发展生态旅游提供理论基础 , 还能为生态旅游类的旅游资源开发提供现实意义和重要价值。文章通过运用马牧青的景观、文化以及业态三大核心吸引力理论对白头叶猴自然保护区的发展进行研究,分析其发展中的困境,援用理论进行问题解决。     

生态旅游可持续发展四维目标模式探析

本文从理论上探索了生态旅游可持续发展目标的系列问题,基于"生态旅游四体系统"理论,构建了理想的"生态旅游可持续发展四维目标模式",论述了生态旅游可持续发展的"静态模式"和"动态模式",实现生态旅游可持续发展的动力源于生态旅游的多主体受益者。根据生态旅游可持续发展目标内涵的多维性、状态的差异性、受益者的多主体性的特点,应用生态学的"共生理论",得出了生态旅游可持续发展目标实现的最佳途径是其多目标、多受益主体的和谐共生的最终结论。     

生态旅游:区域可持续发展战略与实践

本文回顾了国际生态旅游发展的基本背景,明确生态旅游实际上是一种区域可持续发展开发的战略。在通过对目前国内生态旅游研究评述的基础上,指出目前我国生态旅游理论研究与实践的不足。本文提出了要站在更高的层次上将生态旅游定位于区域可持续发展的重要战略。同时作为区域可持续发展的实践活动,要从生态旅游认证,生态旅游规划、循环经济与生态工程等3个方面来发展生态旅游,真正体现生态旅游的内涵,确保区域的可持续发展。     

生态旅游在中国：研究回顾与本质回归

利用文献法对中国生态旅游的研究历程进行回顾与反思,指出存在的概念、方法和功效问题,并对生态旅游系统的核心予以理论梳理,认为统筹生物多样性和旅游生产力、实施平衡管理是中国生态旅游健康发展的必然选择,生态旅游研究需要强调科学性,重视形态——功能关系分析,探索和发展实地观察方法和实验方法。     

国内社区参与生态旅游研究进展述评

本文主要对社区生态旅游的现状以及社区参与生态旅游所依据的理论进行了简要的论述,并对社区参与生态旅游的概念、开发模式、利益机制、动力机制、保障机制、效果评价、典型案例的研究进展进行了系统的总结与述评,以期为我国生态旅游可持续发展的研究及实践提供参考。     

我国海洋生态旅游研究进展评述

随着对海洋生态旅游的开发,海洋生态旅游逐渐开辟了独立的研究领域。国内学者分别研究了海洋生态旅游的概念、海洋生态旅游的开发策略、海洋生态旅游的产品与市场、海洋生态旅游的文化以及海洋生态旅游可持续发展这几方面。但理论研究较多,实践导向不明显,对概念的研究缺乏突破。因此我国海洋生态旅游的研究基本处于初步阶段。一、引言当今世界人类对于海洋旅游的需求逐步提升,并伴随着对环境保护的重视,海洋生态旅游作为旅游业的新生命逐渐发展壮大。我国海洋旅游资源丰富,海岸线漫长。国内学者从海洋     

脆弱生态旅游区的先遣军——关于生态旅游者和背包旅游者的比较研究

中国的生态旅游当前仍处在市场培养和自身建设薄弱的阶段,只有依靠严格自律的真正生态旅游者,才能避免生态脆弱地区的环境恶化。目前对生态旅游者的概念含混不清,大多扩大了生态旅游者的内涵,有悖生态旅游者的本质特征。本文从对生态旅游者的研究出发,找寻中国生态脆弱区发展生态旅游最适合的人群。在文献分析、二手调查资料和实地调研的基础上,通过比较分析背包旅游者和生态旅游者的动机和行为,论证了两者的高度契合,推导出背包旅游者应当是中国当前脆弱生态旅游区的先遣军。     

Commodities and the Power of Prayer: Pentecostalist Attitudes Towards Consumption in Contemporary Ghana

This article addresses the phenomenal success of pentecostalism, a global religious movement par excellence, throughout postcolonial Africa. Investigating pentecostalist views of and attitudes towards commodities in southern Ghana, the article shows that pentecostalists represent the modern global economy as enchanted and themselves as agents of disenchantment: only through prayer may commodities cease to act as ‘fetishes’ which threaten the personal integrity and identity of their owners. Pentecostalism creates modern consumers through a ritual of prayer, which helps them handle globalization and control foreign commodities in such a way that they can be consumed without danger. Through prayer, commodities cease to possess their owners; the latter are rather enabled to possess the former. Pentecostalism engages in globalization by enabling its members to consume products from the global market and by offering its followers fixed orientation points and a well-delimited moral universe within globalization's unsettling flows.     

深圳居民购物消费行为的时空间特征

本文以深圳居民消费行为问卷调查的第一手资料为基础,分不同类型商品总结出居民购物消费行为的频率特征、购物时段特征以及空间特征,提出了低等级商品购物的三圈层结构和高等级商品购物的扇形模式。本文还通过购物行为空间与居民属性的相关关系分析对居民购物消费空间予以解释。     

A NOTE ON MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTISTOP SHOPPING,SALES, AND MARKET AREAS OF FIRMS*

ABSTRACT. The paper characterizes the aggregate demand addressed to firms in a situation such that consumers are allowed to purchase during the same journey several commodities from several firms located in a one-dimensional space. It is a duopoly in which both firms sell the two commodities. The individual demand is assumed to be price-inelastic.     

The geographical lives of commodities: problems of analysis and critique

In two programmatic essays, Peter Jackson has reviewed new critical research on the geographical lives of commodities. This paper offers a constructive critique of his particular reading of this research. It is argued that three major issues require urgent attention if critical geographers and fellow‐travellers are to take their commodity research forward. First, there is too much imprecision in the use of the related terms ‘commodities’, ‘commodification’ and ‘commoditization’. This threatens to render all three terms meaningless or at the very least confusing. Secondly, this lack of conceptual clarity is linked to the problem of superficial engagements with normative issues. It is argued that the recent geographical research on commodities has thus far glossed over important questions of both academic and lay judgement. Finally, the paper suggests that the ‘modest’ role for critical academics envisaged by Jackson and other commodity researchers is only defensible if questions of voice, message and audience are addressed systematically. Overall, the paper presents a menu of explanatory and normative issues that require attention if critical commodity analysts like Jackson are to maximize the potential of their research agenda.     

THE EFFECT OF ACCESSIBILITY ON PRODUCTIVITY IN SPANISH MANUFACTURING FIRMS

This paper evaluates the impact of accessibility on the productivity of Spanish manufacturing firms. We suggest the use of accessibility indicators of workers and commodities, integrating transport, land use, and individual components, computing real distances or traveling times using the Spanish full road network. Estimated firms’ total factor productivity is explained as a function of the accessibility indicators and additional control variables. Results evidence the crucial role on firms’ productivity to the accessibility of commodities and to a slightly lesser extent the workers.     

Mapping Commodities at Casselden Place, Melbourne

By the 1870s and 1880s Melbourne had emerged as Australia's primary centre of manufacturing. Factories and workshops produced a wide array of commodities, from drinks and foodstuffs, to furniture, machinery and building materials. Recent archaeological investigations at Casselden Place suggest that Melbourne was also an important destination for the import of commodities from international markets. Glass and stoneware containers from the site indicate the diversity of beverages, medicines, perfumes, condiments and other items routinely acquired by working people of an inner-city neighbourhood in the later-nineteenth century.     

Communities and Other Social Actors: Rethinking Commodities and Consumption in Global Historical Archaeology

The relationships between people and commodities, and the processes through which goods are entangled with people's lives can be better understood with a focus on the community. The concept of community offers a way to understand the entanglement of individuals and small groups with global processes. In addition, a focus on the community allows historical archaeologists a scale of analysis to consider the links between people, communities, and global networks of exchange, as commodities are exchanged in and out of local, regional, or global arenas.     

IF YOU CANNOT TAKE THE HEAT,GET OUT OF THE CERRADO … RECOVERING THE EQUILIBRIUM AMENITY COST OF NONMARGINAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN BRAZIL*

ABSTRACT This paper presents an empirical technique for valuing large changes in nonmarketed local attributes (e.g., climate amenities) without data describing prices of locally traded commodities like housing. A model of endogenous sorting is used to identify individuals' indirect utility functions, from which the value of the change in the local attribute is recovered while accounting for equilibrium impacts on markets for labor and locally traded commodities. Annual amenity costs of Brazilian climate change are estimated to be between $1.6 and $8.1 billion for a moderate climate change scenario, depending upon the role of migration costs.     

从历史地理看徽商的兴衰

多山少地的生存环境、俭朴的生活、商业中的诚信、儒家思想的影响,对徽商的形成和发展或许都起过作用,但对徽商这样一个商业群体来说,决定性的因素还是商品和市场.从历史地理的角度看,即根据当时的地理环境加以考察,徽商充分利用地理优势,稳定占有以长江三角洲为主的市场,经营的商品也摆脱了原籍的局限.与政治权力的结合使徽商获得食盐营销的特权,并以此迅速致富.徽商的最终衰落也在于市场的丧失和商品落后.