宁玛派(英文)

<正>The expression Rnying Ma-pa means "ancient" or "old".The Rnying Ma-pa sect maintained that it is ancient because Pad-ma vbyung-gnas established its doctrines in the 8th century,about three hundred years earlier than the origin of Tibetan Buddhism’s other sects.With regard to "old",the Rnying Ma-pa sect claimed to focus on the teachings of Old Tantric Mysticism,basically those translated during the Tubo period. The division of Tibetan Buddhism into various sects differed from that of Hinayana and Mahayana in Indian Buddhism.The separation of Hinayana into eighteen schools was     

浅谈西藏地区藏传佛教宁玛派寺院影响及其分布情况

宁玛派是藏传佛教各教派中最早形成的一个教派,也是藏传佛教重要宗派之一。通过宁玛派寺院、拉康、日追分布面及数量,显示出它的地域性和悠久历史奠基的生命力,从而更完善地认识不断扩大其影响的宁玛派。     

试析藏传佛教宁玛派在甘肃的传播与发展

公元8世纪的时候佛教密宗从印度传入吐蕃,这时并没有形成任何教派。经过9世纪的禁佛运动之后,佛教逐渐形成各种派别,而深入民间的佛教逐渐形成了藏传佛教宁玛派。当时吐蕃疆域不仅仅是青藏地区,还包括今甘肃藏族地区。本文从藏传佛教的传入开始,简单介绍宁玛派在甘肃地区的传入与发展情况。     

大学生学习状况及对策研究

学习是每个学生的天职,与每个学生都息息相关。高等教育承担着培养高级专门人才、发展科学技术文化、促进现代化建设的重大任务,大学生的学习状况直接反映出高等教育的教学效果。本文根据我院本科大学生学习状况的调查情况,探讨了大学生学习目的、学习计划、学习态度、学习目标、学习兴趣、学习方式的现状。在对我院大学生学习状况调查分析的基础上,得出了我院大学生学习状况不容乐观的结论,同时提出了解决大学生学习现状的教育对策。     

大学生学习状况及对策研究

学习是每个学生的天职,与每个学生都息息相关。高等教育承担着培养高级专门人才、发展科学技术文化、促进现代化建设的重大任务,大学生的学习状况直接反映出高等教育的教学效果。本文根据我院本科大学生学习状况的调查情况,探讨了大学生学习目的、学习计划、学习态度、学习目标、学习兴趣、学习方式的现状。在对我院大学生学习状况调查分析的基础上,得出了我院大学生学习状况不容乐观的结论,同时提出了解决大学生学习现状的教育对策。     

土壤污染状况调查布点及采样研究

随着社会经济的高速发展与进步,各个领域快速发展.作为重要经济支柱产业的工业企业,因为初期粗放型发展模式,经过长期的日积月累,对生态环境造成较大的污染.特别是土地污染问题,若不对此展开科学有效的整治,必定会对我国生态环境可持续发展战略产生极大的影响.所以,本文将针对土壤污染状况调查工作的流程与目标进行阐述,并且对土壤污染...     

十九世纪末美国女性状况研究(英文)

通过比较19世纪末白人女性与黑人女性的生活状况,我们能够得出结论白人女性是那个时代的主流,而黑人女性是一群无声的群体。     

近十年内国内外健康城市研究综述

综述了在最近十年的健康城市的国内外研究.简单介绍了健康城市在国内外的发展历程、内涵和健康城市规划.近十年的相关研究被分为了五个类.它们是健康城市评估体系、健康城市理念在城乡规划中的实践、健康城市与相关新技术、建成环境对公共健康的影响和增强锻炼意识.基于相关研究综述未来发展的展望将被提出.城市重视...     

朱元璋的对蒙政策及目前的研究状况

目前关于洪武时期的明蒙关系研究多侧重于其军事方面,而从其他角度所进行的分析却略显单薄,缺乏对时代的多维立体考察。在军事之外,这一时期朱元璋的对蒙政策在政治、经济、文化、社会生活等方面还有许多有价值的研究内容。     

JURNALS on Tibetan Studies(I)

ＸＥＲＡＢＧＹＡＭＣＯＴｈｅｆｏｌｏｗｉｎｇａｒｅｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅｓＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｏｆＣｈｉｎａｏｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ１,１９４９．（１）ＴｉｂｅｔＶｅｒｎａｃｕｌａｒＰａ...     

Ancient DNA (aDNA) studies of man and microbes: general similarities,specific differences

The study of ancient DNA (aDNA) using molecular methods is an increasingly valuable tactic in bioarchaeology. While this method must be carefully undertaken to ensure that the molecules detected are representative of the ancient sample and not modern contaminates, there is a danger that a ‘one size fits all’ approach to validation will lead to misinterpretation and/or missed opportunities of valuable findings. When comparing human and pathogen aDNA, there are many shared technical means that can ensure best practice. However, there are a number of assumptions that should not be used for both scenarios. We discuss these aspects in reference to a recent article published by this journal and highlight some of the latest advances in molecular detection of ancient pathogen DNA that can further improve this endeavour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1997-1999年史学评论状况评析

统计资料表明,近年来史学评论及其理论研究越来越受到史学界的重视,出现了学术书评建设、学风与学术规范建设、世纪末中国史学回顾等史学评论热潮.但从整体来看,史学评论在数量上还远远低于专业学术文章,在质量上则参差不齐,相当一部分评论学术质量不高;在史学评论学科与理论建设方面,则存在着明显不利于自身发展的思想倾向.因此,当代中国的史学评论尚不能真正实践其矫正史学发展方向和规范史学活动的学科目标,史学评论理论建设和学科建设依然任重而道远.     

华锐藏族部落社会形态分析(英文)

<正>Historically, the Huarui(dpav-ris) Tibetans inhabited areas including Tianzhu in Gansu Province, Huangcheng to the south of Gansu, and some regions in the east of Qinghai Province. The existence and development of the Huarui tribes also maintained the     

Nuns of the Unique Joyul(gcod-yul)Sect of Tibetan Buddhism

The Joyul tradition,which was founded in the 11thcentury,was one of the most important sects of Ti-betan Buddhism.This tradition may trace its originsback to Pha Dampa Sangye,a well-known monk whowas a native of South India,and was founded by MacikLabdron(ma-cig lab-sgron),a famous Tibetan Yogini(a female practitioner of the Yogachara school).It wasthe only sect founded by a female in the history of Ti-betan Buddhism,and this is also rarely seen in the worldhistory of world religions.The sect had a unique doc-trine and methods of intensive meditative practice.Therefore,it was a distinctive sect in the TibetanBuddhism.It not only had deep impact on other sectsof Tibetan Buddhism,but also had great influence on     

高僧写真传统钩沉及相关问题研究

敦煌莫高窟以及藏经洞出文书中含有一定数量的高僧写真作品,填补了美术史研究资料中的一个空白。本文首先对和高僧写真这一传统有关的文献、考古资料进行了梳理,其次对敦煌禅定高僧写真所特有的形制规范的源头和概况做了推论,最后论述了双履图在写真形成过程中角色的转变。     

A bioarchaeological study of a Western Basin tradition cemetery on the Detroit River

Archaeological monitoring of construction in a Windsor city park on the Detroit River led to the discovery of an isolated cemetery containing the remains of eight individuals assigned to the Late Woodland Western Basin Tradition. At the request and consent of the contemporary First Nation community, tissue samples from five individuals were subjected to radiocarbon dating, mtDNA, and stable isotope analysis to confirm cultural affiliation and further understand the subsistence practices of these people. Radiocarbon dating placed the cemetery at the transition from the Younge phase (AD 900–1200) to the Springwells phase (AD 1200–1400). The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope results provide an unexpected but fuller understanding of Late Woodland Western Basin Tradition subsistence. All individuals were as enriched in carbon as those found on Iroquoian horticulturalist sites to the east, suggesting a very high reliance on maize. Nitrogen isotope values indicate that the protein component of the diet was comprised largely of high trophic level food sources, likely fish. An in situ osteological analysis identified a high number of carious lesions in the visible teeth, also suggesting a diet high in carbohydrates. The mtDNA findings support the antiquity of the Western Basin presence in Northeast North America through genetic links with the Hind Site, an Archaic site in southern Ontario. These results underscore the importance of such studies for providing novel insight into the archaeological histories and lifeways of this distinct Late Woodland tradition. This study also emphazises the need to work with descendant communities to provide them with information on the past that reflects their distinct heritage in the lower Great Lakes region.