The ‘Pacific-First’ Alternative in American World War II Strategy

R.J. OVERY. The Air War, 1939–1945. London, Europa Publications, 1980. Pp. xn, 263. £12.50; H. PENROSE. British Aviation; Widening Horizons, 1930–1934. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Royal Air Force Museum, 1979. Pp.viii, 340. £7.95; British Aviation; Ominous Skies, 1935–1939. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Royal Air Force Museum, 1980. Pp. vm, 318. £7.95.     

Temporal and Narrative (Dis)junctures: Guillermo Núñez’s Aesthetics of Memory and the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (Santiago,Chile)

Focusing primarily on Guillermo Núñez’s work, this essay juxtaposes two almost-identical exhibits of his ‘exculturas’ (sic: xculptures/ex-cultures) – one at the Chilean-French Cultural Institute in 1975, which resulted in his detention and exile, the other in 2010 for the official inauguration of the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (MM) – to explore their relationships to memory production in Chile four decades after the military coup. In the first, Núñez offered a pointed critique of the repressive post-coup context through a series of caged and netted objects; the second reconstructed the first as a memory gesture, framed within the ultra-modern, state-sponsored MM, in its designated art space, at once included and physically separated from the historical narrative of the Museum. How do the politics, aesthetics and design of the MM work to complement, complicate, or contradict Núñez’s – and, perhaps, any – artistic proposal? What challenges might the aesthetic of memory in Núñez’s work pose to the Museum’s narrative frame? Examining Núñez’s ‘exculturas’ (and, briefly, Gonzalo Díaz’s reconstructed Lonquén) reveals several tensions – around politics of inclusion and exclusion, the state’s role in memorysites, and the relationships between human rights concerns and museological and artistic strategies – marking the social production of memory in Chile today.     

Middle Ordovician brachiopods from the Stairway Sandstone,Amadeus Basin,central Australia

Jakobsen, K.G., Brock, G.A, Nielsen, A.T., Topper, T.P. & Harper, D.A.T., 2013. Middle Ordovician brachiopods from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Alcheringa. ISSN 0311–5518.

Middle Ordovician brachiopod faunas from the Amadeus Basin, central Australia are poorly known. The Darriwilian Stairway Sandstone was sampled stratigraphically for macrofossils in order to provide new information on marine benthic diversity in this clastic-dominated, shallow-water palaeoenvironment along the margin of northeastern Gondwana. The brachiopods from the Stairway Sandstone are of low diversity and represent ca 9% of the entire shelly fauna. Five brachiopod taxa are described from the Stairway Sandstone; all are endemic to the Amadeus Basin at species level. Two new species, Amadeuphyla joanae gen. et sp. nov. and Paralenorthis luritjaorum sp. nov., are described. Unweighted cladistic analysis based on 20 characters places the new genus Amadeuphyla within the Taffinae.

Kristian G. Jakobsen [kgjakobsen@snm.ku.dk] Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark & Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia. Glenn A. Brock [glenn.brock@mq.edu.au] Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia. Arne T. Nielsen [arnet@snm.ku.dk] Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Timothy P. Topper [timothy.topper@snm.ku.dk] Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. David A. T. Harper [david.harper@durham.ac.uk] Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark & Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK. Received 14.6.2013; revised 25.9.2013; accepted 8.10.2013.     

Who were bennelong and Pemulwuy? Museums in Sydney and interpretation of eora aboriginal culture

Abstract

The Eora Aboriginal People are the original inhabitants of the Sydney region [in NSW, Australia]. There are an estimated 2, 000 Aboriginal rock engravings in Sydney. Some museums in Sydney now acknowledge the traditional Aboriginal owners and use Eora words to name their exhibitions. These include: Ngaramang bayumi – music & dance (Powerhouse Museum); Merana Eora Nora – first people (Australian National Maritime Museum); Yiribana (Art Gallery of New South Wales); and Cadi Eora Birrung: Under the Sydney Stars (Sydney Observatory). The Aboriginal history of Sydney, however, is only told at the Museum of Sydney with installations, videos and spoken exhibits about Eora, the indigenous peoples of Sydney. This paper reviews the Eora Aboriginal exhibits at the Museum of Sydney. It questions whether visitors to Sydney learn about Bennelong and Pemulwuy, two key Aboriginal figures in the the early European settlement around Sydney Harbour. Sydney Aboriginal Discoveries on their Dreamtime cruise of Sydney Harbour provide another interpretation of Eora history and culture. The paper suggests the Eora heritage of Sydney should be more widely interpreted in Museums, National Parks and other public venues to rightfully acknowledge this Aboriginal history.     

Reviews

James Beck with Michael Daley, Art Restoration. The Culture, the Business and the Scandal. London: John Murray, 1993. xiv + 210 pp., 27 b. &; w. illus. ISBN 0–7195–4635–4. £17.99.

Jon Bird, Barry Curtis, Tim Putnam, George Robertson, and Lisa Tickner (eds.), Mapping the Futures Local Cultures, Global Change, London &; New York: Routledge, 1993. xv + 288 pp., 25 b. &; w. illus. ISBN 0–415–07018‐X. £11.95.

Rodney Castleden, The Making of Stonehenge, London and New York: Routledge, 1993, 260 pp., 98 figs., 44 b. &; w. illus. ISBN 0–415–08513–6. £25.

Eilean Hooper‐Greenhill (ed.), Museums and Their Visitors, London and New York: Routledge, 1994. xv + 206 pp., 16 b. &; w. illus. ISBN 0–415–06857–6. £22.50.

Gerry Kearns &; Chris Philo (eds.), Selling Places: The City as Cultural Capital, Past and Present,. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993. 316 pp., 4 b.&; w. illus. ISBN 0–08–041384–6. £22.95.

International Committee on Museum Security, Museum Security and Protection, ed. David Liston, London &; New York: Routledge, 1993. xiv + 319 pp. ISBN 0–415–07509–2. £22.50.

Richard Prentice Tourism and Heritage Attractions, London and New York: Routledge, 1993. xv + 253 pp., 5 b. &; w. figs., ISBN 0–415 08525‐X. £35.00.

Anabel Thomas, Illustrated Dictionary of Narrative Painting. London: John Murray in association with National Gallery Publications, 1994. xx + 268 pp., 152 b. &; w. illus. ISBN 0–7195–5290–7. £13.99.     

First record of Carinodens (Squamata,Mosasauridae) from the uppermost Maastrichtian of Stevns Klint,Denmark

Milàn, J., Jagt, J.W.M., Lindgren, J. & Schulp, A.S., November 2017. First record of Carinodens (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the uppermost Maastrichtian of Stevns Klint, Denmark. Alcheringa 42, 597-602. ISSN 0311-5518.

Here we report on an important addition to the Late Cretaceous fossil record of marine reptiles from Denmark: a tooth crown of the rare durophagous mosasaur Carinodens minalmamar found in the uppermost Maastrichtian strata at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Stevns Klint. The tooth was found within the uppermost few metres of the Maastrichtian chalk placing it within the latest 50.000 years prior to the K/Pg boundary. The new find is a shed crown probably representing a tooth from the 11th to 13th position in the jaw. The tooth represents the northernmost occurrence of the genus Carinodens. Previous mosasaur finds from Denmark have all been from the hypercarnivorous mosasaurids Mosasaurus hoffmannii and Plioplatecarpus sp., thus our specimen adds a new trophic niche exploited by marine tetrapods in the food web of the latest Maastrichtian of Denmark.

Jesper Milàn* [jesperm@oesm.dk], Geomuseum Faxe/Østsjællands Museum, Østervej 2, 4640 Faxe, Denmark; John W.M. Jagt [john.jagt@maastricht.nl], Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6–7, 6211 kJ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Johan Lindgren [johan.lindgren@geol.lu.se], Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. Anne S. Schulp? [anne.schulp@naturalis.nl], Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6–7, 6211 kJ Maastricht, the Netherlands. *Also affiliated with: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1465 Copenhagen K, Denmark. ?Also affiliated with: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands, and Faculteit Bètawetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.     

Reviews

The cog of Bremen, SIEGFRIED FLIEDNER & ROSEMARIE POHL-WEBER
Archaeological research in the Zuider Zee G. D. VAN DER HEIDE
King Henry VIII's Mary Rose, ALEXANDER MCKEE
Francis Drake, Privateer, Contemporary Narratives and Documents
Cornish shipwrecks. Vol. 1: The south coast RKHARD LARN & CLIVE CARTER
Cornish shipwrecks. Vol. 2: The north coast, CLIVE CARTER
Cornish shipwrecks. Vol. 3: The Isles of Scilly, RICHARD LARN
Shipwrecks of North Wales, IVOR WYNNE-JONES
Australian shipwrecks, Vol. 1 : 1622-1850 CHARLES BATESON
The wreck of the Elizabeth, GRAEME HENDERSON
East coast sail: working sail 1850-1970, ROBERT SIMPER
South eastern sail: from the Medway to the Solent 1840-1940, MICHAEL BOUQIJET
Clinker boatbuilding, JOHN LEATHER
Sloops and brigs, JAMES HENDERSON
American figureheads and their carvers, PAULINE A. PINCKNEY
A history of the whale fisheries, J. T. JENKINS
II livello antico del Mar Tirreno, G. SCHMIEDT
Man across the sea, Problems of pre-Columbian contacts
Diving Science International. Proceedings of the Third Symposium of the Scientific Committee of CMAS, 8-9 October, 1973 N. C . FLEMMINC (Ed.)
First aid for finds: A practical guide for archaeologists DAVID LEIGH rt af.
Underwater archaeology : A nascent discipline, Museum and Monuments 13     

The Case for Francesco Rosselli as the Engraver of Berlinghieri's Geographia

The Florentine Francesco Berlinghieri (1440–1501) published his Geographia, a version of Ptolemy's Cosmographia in Italian terza rima, comprising 123 folios of text and 31 engraved maps, in 1482. As early as 1938 Arthur M. Hind, Keeper of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum, hinted that the engravings might have been made by Francesco Rosselli (1448–before 1527), the principal engraver in Florence in the 1480s and 1490s. Subsequently, this possibility was rejected by Roberto Almagià, R. A. Skelton and Tony Campbell. In the author's view, however, both stylistic and circumstantial evidence argues that Francesco was indeed the engraver, and that this first major commission launched the career that eventually made him known to his contemporaries as ‘Franciscus rosellus florentinus Cosmographus’.

Le Florentin Francesco Berlinghieri (1440–1501) publia en 1482 sa Geographia, une version de la Cosmographia de Ptolémée en terza rima italienne, comprenant 123 feuillets de texte et 31 cartes gravées. Dès 1938, Arthur M. Hind, conservateur des estampes et dessins au British Museum, suggéra que les gravures pouvaient être l'?uvre de Francesco Rosselli (1448–avant 1527), le principal graveur florentin dans les années 1480 et 1490. Ultérieurement, cette éventualité fut rejetée par Roberto Almagià, R. A. Skelton, et Tony Campbell. De l'avis de l'auteur, cependant, des preuves stylistiques et circonstancielles démontrent clairement que Francesco Rosselli était en effet le graveur, et que cette première commande importante lança la carrière qui allait finalement le faire connaître par ses contemporains comme ‘Franciscus rosellus florentinus Cosmographus’.

1482 veröffentlichte der Florentiner Francesco Berlinghieri (1440–1501) seine Geographia, eine Version der Cosmographia des Ptolemäus, in italienischen terza rima. Sie umfasst 123 Folioseiten Text und 31 gestochene Karten. Schon 1938 deutete Arthur M. Hind, Direktor der Grafikabteilung am British Museum, an, dass der Stich von Francesco Rosselli (1448–vor 1527) besorgt worden sein könnte. Während den Jahren 1480s und 1490s, war Rosselli der hauptsächliche Florentinische Stecher. Diese Möglichkeit wurde in weiterer Folge jedoch von Roberto Almagià, R. A. Skelton und Tony Campbell verworfen. Nach der Meinung der Autorin sprechen aber sowohl der stilistische Befund als auch die näheren Entstehungszusammenhänge sehr für Francesco Rosselli als Stecher und auch dafür, dass dieser erste größere Auftrag ihm eine Karriere eröffnete, die ihn letztendlich bei seinen Zeitgenossen als ‘Franciscus rosellus florentinus Cosmographus’ bekannt machte.

El florentino Francesco Berlinghieri (1440–1501) publicó en 1482 su Geographia, una version de la Cosmographia de Ptolomeo en terza rima italiana, que comprendía 123 folios de texto y 31 mapas grabados. En 1938 Arthur M. Hind, conservador de Impresos y Grabados del British Museum sugirió que los grabados podían haber sido hechos por Francesco Rosselli (1448–antes de 1527), el principal grabador de Florencia en los años de 1480 a 1490. Posteriormente esta posibilidad fue rechazada por Roberto Almagià, R. A. Skelton y Tony Campbell. Sin embargo, en opinión de la autora del artículo, las evidencias estilísticas y cincunstanciales indican con seguridad que Francesco Rosselli fue en efecto el grabador, y que este importante encargo dio comienzo a una carrera que finalmente le hizo ser conocido por sus contemporáneos como “Franciscus rosellus florentinus Cosmographus”.     

Renewal through Culture? The Role of Museums in the Renewal of Industrial Regions in Europe

Abstract

Bilbao has become a role model for the regeneration of declining urban and industrial regions. The debate on the so-called Bilbao effect showed that rundown industrial cities and regions might profit from culture-based development strategies, even if successful urban regeneration cannot be induced by only one flagship project without an appropriate local and regional context. Based on the comparative analysis of six, in general recently founded, museums in five countries (Guggenheim Museum Bilbao; Louvre in Lens; Centre Pompidou in Metz; Istanbul Modern Art Museum; Museum Folkwang in Essen; Museum of Natural History in Florence), the authors of this special issue discuss the role of these museums in building the image and the attractiveness of their local and regional environment, the cross-fertilization of ideas and the integration of a region in global circuits and networks. Museums can play an important role in building up “social capital”, creating networks between different professionals, groups, sectors and segments of society, bridging diverse social backgrounds, lowering coordinating costs for individuals and businesses, and increasing the capacity of firms to reconnect.     

New books

Die Orkane des Fernen Ostens. By Professor Dr. Paul Bergholz. Max Nössler, Bremen and Shanghai, 1900. Pp. xii + 260.

The Western Rajputana States. By Lt.‐Col. Archibald Adams, L.M.S., Administrative Medical Officer in Eajputana. Junior Army and Navy Stores, Limited, York House, Eegent Street, London, 1899.

Kleines Statistisches Taschenbuch uber alle Lander der Erde. Statistische Tabelle uber alle Staaten der Erde. AVien, Pest, Leipzig : A. Hartleben's Verlag.

Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf durch den Hauran, die Syrische Wüste und Alcsopotamien. Von Dr. Max Freiherrn von Oppenheim. Zweiter Band. Berlin, 1900. Dietrich Eeimer (Ernst Vohorn). Pp. 434. Price 10 Marks.

Égypte (Guide‐Joanne). 3 vols. Maps, Plans, and Illustrations. Paris : Hachette et Cie, 1900. 20 francs.

Reisebilder aus Persien, Turkestan, und der Turkei. Von E. Kauder. Breslau : S. Schottlaender, 1900. Pp. 359.     

Editorial

Stephen McLoughlin, Honorary Editor, Department of Paleobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.     

New Books about the North

Jernsletten, Reymert, Storm and Aarseth (eds.): Festskrift til Ørnulv Vorren. Tromsø Museums Skrifter XV. Tromsø 1994. 399 pages.

Kvist, Roger (ed.).‐ Føredrag vid Nordiska Samehistoriska Symposiet i Lövånger 13–14 februari 1995. Forskningsrapporter från Historiska institutionen vid Umeå universitet 9‐ Umeå 1995.189 pages.

Bjørklund, Møller and Reymer (eds.):7fre Barents Region. In the series Way North, Tromsø Museum, The University of Tromsø. 1995. 80 pages.     

Exhibiting Cultures: Singapore’s Asian Civilisations Museum

Museums occupy many roles which are influenced by wider circumstances and changing conditions. This study deals with the case of Singapore’s Asian Civilisations Museum and the manner in which it is used to promote nation building in a multi‐ethnic and relatively newly independent state. In addition, it serves a political purpose and acts as an economic resource. The Asian Civilisations Museum illustrates some of the recent trends affecting the museum sector as a whole and also the particular challenges facing such institutions in a country like Singapore with its many distinctive qualities.     

Hiding in plain sight: the Coptic Museum in the Egyptian cultural landscape

Abstract

Museums have long been important tools of nation building and of helping nations deal with their increasing diversity. The Arab Spring of 2011 brought massive social upheaval and change to the Middle East. Egypt experienced particularly dramatic changes. Long-standing fissures around who qualifies as an Egyptian, which groups dominate in this secular or religious nation, and what it means to be an Egyptian today came to the fore. How did different groups fare within this negotiation and what role did cultural institutions play? We explore these struggles through the lens of the Coptic Museum and the experiences of the Coptic community. We argue that the Museum historici s es Copticism, or depicts it as an historical, bounded period in Egyptian history. It also embraces a historical narrative that sees Copts as the direct descendants of the Pharaohs, and therefore the original Egyptians, although some later converted to Islam. By so doing, the Museum positions the community centrally but unchallengingly within the ever-changing ‘master’ national narrative, whether in its more religious or secular form. By telling this particular story, the community saves itself and its materials, but it also constructs and perpetuates its paradoxically central, but marginal position in the nation.     

Book reviews

G. Adrian Horridge. The design of planked boats of the Moluccas. [Greenwich]: The National, Martime Museum, 1978. [vi], iii, 54 pp. (Maritime Monographs and Reports, No. 38.).

G. Adrian Horridge. The lambo or prahu bot: a Western ship in an Eastern setting. [Greenwich]: National Maritime Museum, 1979. [ii], iv, 41 pp. (Maritime Monographs and Reports, No. 39.).

G. Adrian Horridge. The Konjo boatbuilders and the Bugis prahus of South Sulawesi. [Greenwich]: National Maritime Museum, 1979. [ii], vi, 56 pp. (Maritime Monographs and Reports, No. 40.).

Sri Owen. Indonesian food and cookery. London: Prospect Books, 1980. 255pp., map [on inside back cover]. £4.95.

James J. Fox (ed.). The flow of life: essays on eastern Indonesia. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press: 1980. xi, 372 pp. (Harvard Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 2.)     

The domestication of animals

Juliet Clutton‐Brock. Domesticated Animals from Early Times.Austin: University of Texas Press; London: The British Museum, 1981. 208 pp. $24.95.     

'[...] But it's Not Like I Know Anything About Them!': Immigrants in the Museum in Finland

Abstract

Museum education has undergone a profound transformation from the ideals of the Enlightenment through modernism to those of postmodernism. Museum visitors are no longer perceived as passive receivers of information provided by experts but as active learners who freely construct their own meanings, driven by their personal motivation. Museum education is no longer about educating the masses but facilitating learners in their individual learning processes. Learning outcomes are no longer to be measured by the amount of new information absorbed in an exhibition but by more abstract things: improved quality of life, increased awareness of one's own identity, and better self-esteem or increased ability to cope in society. The question is: how can museums provide their visitors with such learning possibilities? This article presents three projects that have been carried out at the Aboa Vetus & Ars Nova Museum in Turku, Finland, to test methods and models for increased personal experience and involvement, especially in facilitating interaction and understanding between cultures. As a result of this it is proposed that exhibitions and their related activities should be planned in such a way that they facilitate the self-on — the individual's projection and associations through involvement of emotions — thus facilitating connections between the exhibition and contemporary life.     

Book Reviews

Les évêques normands du XIe siêcle. Edited by Pierre Bouet and François Neveux. Caen: Presses Universitaires de Caen. 1995. 336 pp. 150 FF. ISBN 2 84133 021 4. The Book of Cerne: Prayer, Power, and Patronage in Ninth-Century England. By Michelle P. Brown. The British Library Studies in Medieval Culture 1. London and Toronto: The British Library and Toronto University Press. 1996. 252 pp. £45. ISBN 0 7123 0486 X Scandinavian Settlement in Northern Britain. Edited by Barbara E. Crawford. Studies in the Early History of Britain series. London and New York: Leicester University Press. 1995. xv + 248pp. £45. ISBN 0 7185 1923 X Picts, Gaels and Scots. By Sally M. Foster. London: BT Batsford Ltd/Historic Scotland. 1996. 128pp. £15.99. ISBN 0 7134 7485 8 (cased) 0 7134 7486 6 (limp). Pre-Conquest Charter-Bounds of Devon and Cornwall. By Della Hooke. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 1994. 239 pp. £29.50. ISBN 0 85115 354 2. The Envy of Angels: Cathedral Schools and Social Ideals in Medieval Europe, 950–1200. By C. Stephen Jaeger. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. xvi + 515 pp. $37.95. ISBN 0 8122 3246 1. On Original Sin and a Disputation with the Jew, Leo, Concerning the Advent of Christ, the Son of God: Two Theological Treatises. Odo of Tournai. Edited by Irven M. Resnick. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1994. x + 150 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0 8122 3288 7. Engraved Gems of the Carolingian Renaissance. By Genevra Kornbluth. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. xxv + 139 pp. 1 colour pl. (frontispiece), 220 illustrations. £35.95/$45. ISBN 0 271 01426 1. Pacifico di Verona. Il passato Carolingio nella costruzione della memoria urbana, con un nota di Stefano Zamponi. By Cristina La Rocca. Rome: Istituto storico Italiano per il Medio Evo, nuovi studi storici 31. 1995. ix + 266 pp. 26 plates. ISBN 0391-8475. Slavery in Early Medieval England: From the Reign of Alfred Until the Twelfth Century. By David Pelteret. Studies in Anglo-Saxon History 7. Woodbridge: Boydell. 1995. xvi + 375 pp. £45/$63. ISBN 0 85115 399 2. Studies in Medieval Language and Culture. By Michael Richter. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 1995. 227 pp. £37.50. ISBN 1 85182 171 6. Gift and Exchange in the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Corpus: A Contribution Towards the Representation of Wealth. By Nida Louise Surber-Meyer. Geneva: Editions Slatkine. 1994. 256 pp. ISBN 2 101302 0. Frauen, Heiligkeit und Macht: Lateinische Frauenviten aus dem 4. bis 7. Jahrhundert. By Susanne Wittern. Stuttgart and Weimar: Metzler. 1994. Ergebnisse der Frauenforschung 33. iv + 220 pp. DM 42. ISBN 3 476 00951 3. Der Ragyndrudis-Codex des Hl. Bonifatius. By Lutz E. von Padberg and Hans-Walter Stork. Paderborn: Bonifatius Druck. Buch Verlag, and Fulda: Verlag Parzeller. 1995. 134 pp with 30 illustrations. ISBN (Bonifatius Verlag) 3 87088 812 1 and ISBN (Parzeller Verlag) 3 7900 0238 0. The Ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia. Edited by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen and Birgitte Munch Thye. Studies in Archaeology and History. 1 Copenhagen, Publications from the National Museum. 1995. 196 pp with line drawings and photographs throughout (paperback). ISBN 87 89384 01 6. ISSN 0909 9506. Available direct from The National Museum, The Museum Shop, 12, Frederiksholms Kanal, DK-1220 Copenhagen K. The Germanization of early medieval Christianity. A sociohistorical approach to Religious transformation. By James C. Russell, Oxford. Oxford University Press 1994. xiii + 258 pp. £25. ISBN 0 19 507696 6.     

A New Artefact Typology for the Study of Medieval Arrowheads

ARCHAEOLOGICALLY recovered arrowheads from the British Isles. dated to between the roth and 16th centuries are examined. Hie exisiting arrowhead typology in the London Museum Medieval Catalogue is assessed and a new typology consisting of 28 generic forms, and subdivided into functional groups, is suggested.