事有定数:明人对科举功名的认识

自隋、唐以降,伴随着科举制的创立、发展与完善,科举入仕成为社会普遍追求的理想人生模式, 以科举制度、科举人物、科举故事为核心内容的科举文化是中国传统文化的一个独特的构成部分。观照明人关于科举人物、科举故事的诸多记载和议论,基本上可以认为,命定、风水、报应等传统思想,因其理论上的包容性和阐释中的灵活性,是明人解释科举功名现象的主要理论依据。这种现象的生成,既是科场激烈竞争所引发的焦虑与无奈的结果,也是明人对社会、自然整体认知局限的自白。     

Imperial Geographies of Home: British Domesticity in India, 1886–1925

This paper considers the translation of domestic discourses over imperial space as middle-class British women established homes in India from 1886 to 1925. Unlike studies of imperial domesticity that delineate separate spheres of home and empire, I consider the exercise of imperial power on a domestic scale, by examining advice given in household guides on managing servants and raising British children in India. Rather than view the household merely as confining, I also explore the advice given to British women regarding travel outside their homes in India. The domestic roles of British women reproduced imperial power relations on a household scale, and the political significance of imperial domesticity extended beyond the boundaries of the home.     

皇史宬尊藏《清实录》考

本文探讨了清代国家档案馆——皇史宬的建筑环境、管理机构和内部结构的变化情况;对于清代皇史宬收藏对象的重要性也做了比较,认为皇史宬虽然贮藏多种皇家文献和文物,但最主要的尊藏对象便是《清实录》;并从版本比较和历史事实的角度,证明皇史宬尊藏的《清实录》是所有版本中最重要、最具有保藏性的正本。本文试图说明皇史宬与《清实录》相互彰显的密切关系。     

宋代宗室藏书及其文化教育研究

宋代宗室喜好藏书,其藏书家之多、藏书数量之巨,为历代所罕见。宗室藏书渠道丰富,其藏书目的明确,用途广泛,促使其热衷于藏书的原因是多方面的。宋代宗室的藏书活动同时也是一种学习的过程,通过藏书习文,培养了一大批学有专长的宗室文人与学者。     

Infl uence of China’s imperial examinations on Japan,Korea and Vietnam

China’s imperial examinations greatly influenced the East Asian world. Japan imitated it during the eighth to tenth centuries; its subjects include xiucai, mingjing, jinshi, mingfa, as well as medicine and acupuncture. Korean imperial examinations are the longest and most comprehensive ones among other East Asian countries. Vietnam was the last to abolish the imperial examinations. All three East Asian countries imitated China in their imperial examinations, which greatly raised their cultural levels.     

再识谢士章之身世

明季贵州普安州诗人谢士章（1581~1637）,幼时为普安州举人、江西宁都知县陈时言过房子,因名陈士章。在贵州成长,考中举人、进士。登第并对养父母尽孝对陈氏兄弟尽责后,疏陈情奏请复姓谢。     

The emperor’s four bodies: Embodied rulership and legal culture in early Ming China

This essay explores how the emperor s body was perceived in the imperial rulership and treated uniquely in legal culture in early Ming China. It argues that the ruling elite articulated four types of imperial bodies, i.e., the body cosmic, the body politic, the body social, and the body physical, each of which exemplified a specific dimension of rulership. The emperor s four bodies are manifested in the imperial laws. The imperial laws place the emperor s body cosmic inferior to Heaven, ensure the emperor s sole authority in communicating with Heaven, require the officials  faithful service to the ruler, urge the ruler to observe rules, and strictly protect the emperor s physical body. The imperial laws, by regulating the different relationships in the embodied rulership, serve as the essential instrument to create the ideal cosmic order.     

本望文字达,今因文字穷——唐代落第诗中落第举子的经济生活

唐代落第诗作为研究落第士人的重要资料,史学界一直利用不足。本文旨在挖掘落第诗在经济史方面的史料价值,通过与其他文献对比,客观评价唐朝落第举子的经济状况。     

From ‘Relief’ to ‘Justice and Protection’: The Maintenance of Deserted Wives,British Masculinity and Imperial Citizenship, 1870–1920

In the early twentieth century, local British poor law guardians’ concerns with the maintenance of deserted and neglected families were transformed into imperial, and later transnational, policy promoting justice for abandoned wives and children. Both local court cases concerning maintenance and policy debates at the national and imperial levels reveal the ways in which a breadwinner model of masculinity shaped maintenance policy and practice. Although the maintenance problem was framed differently by local welfare providers and imperial heads of state, concerns about welfare costs and human rights intersected in the figure of the irresponsible male citizen, who challenged the dominant model of British/imperial masculinity by refusing to maintain his wife.     

唐季以来帝王世俗化葬仪用品探微

受社会环境变迁等诸多因素影响,三《礼》等典籍所理想化的帝王丧葬礼仪典范,自汉代以来多有修正。唐代晚期以后,帝王陵墓中的世俗化葬仪用品明显增加;从汉到明,包括明器在内,帝王随葬品的总体变化趋势是由礼仪趋向于世俗化。     

身体、皇权和明初法律文化

This essay explores how the emperor’s body was perceived in the imperial rulership and treated uniquely in legal culture in early Ming China. It argues that the ruling elite articulated four types of imperial bodies, i.e., the body cosmic, the body politic, the body social, and the body physical, each of which exemplified a specific dimension of rulership. The emperor’s four bodies are manifested in the imperial laws. The imperial laws place the emperor’s body cosmic inferior to Heaven, ensure the emperor’s sole authority in communicating with Heaven, require the officials’ faithful service to the ruler, urge the ruler to observe rules, and strictly protect the emperor’s physical body. The imperial laws, by regulating the different relationships in the embodied rulership, serve as the essential instrument to create the ideal cosmic order.     

《西汉诏令》的编纂及其得失

作为一部断代诏令文献总集,《西汉诏令》不是直接利用原始诏令文书汇编而成,而是通过辑录《汉书》中所载诏令文字编纂而成。《西汉诏令》为后世从正史中辑录档案文献,提供了很多有益的方法,但也存在一些不足和缺陷。相关的研究和总结,对现代档案文献编纂具有一定的借鉴意义。     

《明实录》建文朝科举书写及其意涵

科举是建文历史的重要内容,也是其"文治"的具体表现。然而,《明实录》书写的建文朝科举,既缺乏三级科举考试的正面记载,又大体上掩盖了附传传主建文年间科举中式的信息。本不属于政治敏感性问题的科举史事,因其体现了建文帝泽被天下士子的恩典、妨碍了朱棣"文治"的弘扬,遭到了《明实录》的排斥。这表明实录对建文历史的讳饰,不只限于政治敏感性问题,而是一切有利于建文帝形象的史事。值得注意的是,史官在实录编修中采用春秋笔法披露了建文朝科举的蛛丝马迹,使得相关史事并没有在"国史"话语体系中完全被湮没。这反映出史官与君主在建文历史的认识、评价方面,存在一定的差异,此种现象并非晚明才出现,而是明初已露端倪。     

“弃物”的另一面：明代宗室忧国述论

从忧国的维度对明代宗室进行考察,“藩禁”下的宗室沉沦者确实很多,“弃物论”有一定的根据。但“弃物”并非宗室全部,“藩禁”的绳索尚未完全窒息其报国之志和忧国之心。不少宗室在朝廷经费匮乏时,捐金捐物,解国家之困;在朝政混乱、国家治理出现严重弊端时,犯颜进谏,或冷静分析,提出治理方案,勇气和才干不输朝中大臣,甚或过之。“弃物”仅是明代宗室多元面相中的一种,忧国是明代宗室多元面相中的另一种面相。     

光绪大婚全纪录：《大婚典礼红档》

在清宫里,最喜庆热闹、最复杂隆重、最奢侈浪费的活动即是皇帝的大婚典礼,但不是每位皇帝都有幸在紫禁城里举办婚礼,只有幼年登极的顺治、康熙、同治、光绪四位皇帝,真正举行了大婚礼迎娶皇后。本文依据中国第一历史档案馆所藏《大婚典礼红档》,简要介绍光绪帝大婚典礼的全过程。     

唐代诏敕的用典艺术简

唐代诏敕即唐朝皇帝的圣旨。宣谕天子之命、教化臣民的政治功用性。以及草诏者高超的文章技巧,赋予了唐代诏敕高雅华丽的主体风貌,纯熟的用典艺术是它突出的文学特征之一。用典美化了唐代诏敕的文章形式：使其语辞华丽,对仗严整,切合声律;使其援古证今,言之有据;使其减少了冗词赘句,以微言传达出深意。对唐代诏敕用典艺术的考察,是一项有意义的文学研究活动。     

清代宫廷生活中的水烟用具

烟草的享用对人类的影响是深刻的,自1492年哥伦布发现南美新大陆后将其带回欧洲,从此风靡世界各地。据历史文献记载,在16世纪烟草传人我国,经过400余年的种植和传播,烟草在我国的分布已经十分广泛。     

Imperial Citizenship or Else: Liberal Ideals and the India Unmaking of Empire, 1890–1919

ABSTRACT

This article examines three connected campaigns for Indian imperial citizenship which spanned the period 1890 to 1919, and their impact on the emergence of radical South Asian anticolonialism. It shifts our focus from individuals and ideologues who sought the status of British imperial citizens, to address the agitations which commenced to attain such a status within a reconstructed British Empire. Specific attention is paid to the conditions which encouraged South Asian patriots to imagine that the ideal of equal imperial citizenship within an imperial federation was a feasible political objective, to the illiberal official retreat from such an ideal, and to the political ramifications of this retreat. In conclusion, this article argues that the quest for Indian imperial citizenship, which spanned the Empire from South Africa to Canada, has been a much-neglected chapter in the evolution of anti-colonial nationalism in South Asia which deserves to be reinserted in the grand meta-narrative of the region’s twentieth century history.     

明洪武官窑瓷器及相关问题——传世品视角的透析

洪武官窑瓷器在国内外皆有收藏,各有特点,但基本风格相同.洪武官窑瓷器因景德镇御器厂遗址的出土发现而得以正确定位和认识.洪武官窑设置的关键原因是朱元璋对祭祀的高度重视.洪武官窑青花相对元青花缺少自由创作,但其对元代有继承也有创新.     

Crown,communication and the colonial post: Stamps,the monarchy and the British empire

This article investigates some of the possibilities for imperial history of using philatelic evidence. It explores the ways in which the British empire as a working world system was underpinned by the Imperial Penny Postage and the production and use of postage stamps bearing the images of successive British monarchs and other British imperial iconography. With particular emphasis on the reign of George V, who took an especially close interest in philatelic matters, it charts and discusses some of the ways in which British, dominion, Indian and colonial postage stamp issues (including their commissioning, design and public reception) reflected political and aesthetic judgments at home and overseas, and expressed sometimes unexpected notions of appropriate imperial, dominion and colonial imagery. It provides some cultural evidence supporting the contention that the apogee of the British imperial system may have occurred sometime in the middle years of the twentieth century.