A Lapse in Historical Memory: Guy Weadick and the Calgary Stampede

Guy Weadick was the American founder of the Calgary Stampede in 1912. By 1930, due to Weadick's vision and promotional genius, the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede (two events having merged by then) was internationally recognized as the premier event of its type in the world. Then, with dramatic suddenness, Weadick was fired in 1932. This article suggests that the mutual bitterness and resentment that accompanied this termination resulted in “a lapse of historical memory” and to Weadick's relative under-recognition by the organization for which he did so much.     

石鼓制作年代综考

本文在石鼓文“秦文公年代说”的基础上,从石鼓颂诗产生的历史时期、对秦人“若石——神(鬼)”崇拜及文公时社会氛圈和习俗的分析、石鼓最初所在地与文公作“陈宝祠”地址的一致性、文字形体及其书写风格的考察四个方面,对石鼓制作年代作进一步考证,认为：石鼓是秦文公十九年(或略晚些时侯)秦人崇拜“若石”(即陨石)、祭奠先祖而作并刻诗。石鼓文属春秋早期秦文字。     

犍陀罗与马图拉造像艺术比较研究

犍陀罗艺术和马图拉艺术是贵霜王朝时期大乘佛教传播过程中产生的最重要的两种造像范式,两种佛像的雕塑材料、造型特征、艺术风格上都呈现出巨大的差异性。本文将两者进行比较,介绍了犍陀罗和马图拉艺术的文化、地理范围和分期,列举了犍陀罗和马图拉造像艺术的主要差异性。根据两地出土文物证实,两者虽然归属于独立发展的艺术体系,但两者之间始终联系紧密、互为影响。马图拉艺术所代表的印度本土因素,在犍陀罗艺术形成初始期就已经对犍陀罗造像产生影响,并一直持续至犍陀罗艺术晚期灰泥阶段。受犍陀罗艺术"迦毕试样式"的影响,贵霜时代马图拉艺术出现了着通肩式佛衣、身材矮短的佛像。笈多时代马图拉艺术在融合犍陀罗灰泥造像的基础上创造了"湿衣佛像",并以此完成了印度佛像自诞生之日起便不断融入亚洲人审美特征、逐渐向着东方风格佛像回归的整个历程。     

Political Economy of Income Distribution: A Comparative Study of Taiwan and Mexico

Both Taiwan and Mexico have experienced remarkable economic growth since the 1960s. Taiwan demonstrates that higher income level can be accompanied by falling income inequalities. However, unlike Taiwan, the course of economic growth in Mexico has left the country with a very unequal distribution of income. This paper compares the government policies of income distribution in Mexico and Taiwan and identifies the factors contributing to the success of Taiwan and to the highly uneven income distribution in Mexico. The paper concludes that market-oriented growth does not automatically reduce inequality or poverty. The prospects for better income equity and sustainable economic development would be greatly enhanced through implementation of policies aimed at redistributing land and skills, facilitating small enterprises, and increasing domestic saving.     

美国新现实主义与后现代小说中的道德意识

本文以“道德”这一角度入手,对美国近年来出现的“新现实主义小说”中的道德意识进行深入挖掘,结合新现实主义小说家的具体作品进行分析,并和与之毗邻的后现代派小说进行比较,得出新现实主义小说中蕴藏着一股强大的道德重建意识的结论。有利于我们更好地把握当代美国文学发展趋势,使读者对文学与道德之间的关系进行更深一步的思考。     

中国式旅游发展道路的跨文化比较研究

本文以西方市场经济发达国家和其他发展中国家分别作为参照系,从旅游事业产生背景和标志性发展阶段分期、旅游事业核心内涵、旅游事业发展重心以及旅游业务发展模式等方面进行了跨文化比较分析,并讨论了中国式旅游发展道路的生命力基础和前景开拓机制。本文认为,博大精深的中华文明是中国式旅游发展道路的生命力基础,与时俱进是拓宽中国式旅游发展道路的强大动力,严格遵循旅游发展客观规律是必须始终坚持的根本方向。     

中西传记史学的产生及其趋向之比较

中西传记的史学观念与中西所共有的原始宗教文化形式紧密相关,并在叙事史学的基础上得以产生。在古希腊罗马,由于自然崇拜、英雄崇拜和祖先崇拜在其文化结构中的矛盾运动,传记史学兴起后自成一体,与叙事史学并行不障;而中国则由于祖先崇拜长期占据优势,传记史学在叙事史学的基础上产生后,遂将叙事史学同传记史学结合起来,定为一尊,形成正统的史学体裁。比较研究中西传记史学的产生及其趋向具有重要的现实意义。     

中共十六大与八大的比较研究

八大是中国共产党成为执政党后召开的第一次全国代表大会,这次代表大会分析了生产资料所有制的社会主义改造基本完成后的形势,提出了全面开展社会主义建设的任务,在指导思想、政治路线和组织路线上都有重要建树,对探索中国特色社会主义的道路产生了深远的影响。十六大是中国共产党执政52年后在新世纪召开的第一次全国代表大会,也是中国共产党在开始实施社会主义现代化建设第三步战略部署的新形势下召开的一次具有深远影响的重要大会。对八大和十六大进行比较研究,可以发现其一脉相承的内在联系,可以加深对十六大确立的指导思想、奋斗目标、组织路线的认识。     

明清两朝考据学之比较研究

明代考据学是在明中叶"黜虚崇实"思潮影响下产生和发展起来的。它直接或间接启迪和影响了清初及乾嘉考据学的发展。清代学者在继承和发扬明中叶以来求实学风和考据学成就的同时,也在很大程度上摒弃了明代考据学中存在的不良风气。他们强调"博学"、"博证",但多不炫奇。尤其是清初几位大师无不把"求实"与"经世致用"紧密结合起来。这是与明代考据学的根本区别。乾嘉考据学则与明代考据学有着较多的相同点,但在治学的范围、方法及研究的广度、深度上大大超过了前代。     

The Colonial Religion of the Anglican Clergy: Western Australia 1830 to c. 1870

This article sets out to remedy an historiographical oversight in Australian history by identifying the principal characteristics of the religious culture of Anglican clergy in the colony of Western Australia between 1830 and about 1870. Using sources, both personal from clergy or clergy wives, and official correspondence with the colonial governments, and clergy correspondence to mission societies and their bishop, a number of features of clergy religion are delineated. They enable a comparison to be made between metropolitan and colonial Anglican clergy cultures. These include anxieties about status and income; the involvement of the clergy in charity, education, church building, and public worship; isolation and religious competition. While many of these were familiar to English clergy, they took on new aspects in the colonial context, which required the clergy there to become conscious that the colony was a new land, however much they attempted to remake it in their own ecclesiastical image.     

Stability and Change in Public Policy: A Longitudinal Study of Comparative Subsystem Dynamics

Using the theoretical framework formulated by Baumgartner and Jones in a most similar systems study of Danish civil defense and Danish national home guard policy from 1949 to 2003, this article shows how particular subsystem characteristics affect the magnitude and frequency of policy punctuations. Despite very similar starting points, the two subsystems have experienced radically different policy evolutions since they were created back in 1948 and 1949. The explanation, it is argued, is to be found in a combination of Baumgartner and Jones’ model of issue definitions and conflict expansion on the one hand, and some particular institutional differences in the foundation of the two subsystems on the other. Hence, the aim of the article is to demonstrate that in a long‐term perspective, certain institutional choices not only enhance stability but also increase the likelihood of future conflict expansions and policy punctuations, given the dynamic model of the policymaking process provided by Baumgartner and Jones.     

近代早期的国际竞争与财政动员:关于西荷与英法的比较研究

在16—18世纪西方各国的竞争中,财政动员能力对竞争的走势起着决定性的作用。财政动员主要包括税收和公债两个相互联系的方面。考察尼德兰革命期间的联省共和国和西班牙、18世纪的英国和法国的财政史可以发现,各国的政治—社会结构对财政动员的效率产生了不同的影响,这体现在税收体制的合理性和公债信用之上,而公债信用之优劣也直接反映在公债利率上。相比而言,英国与联省共和国的政治制度使其税收更具合法性基础并提升了其公债信用,从而能够更好地动员民间财政资源;西班牙和法国王权受制于其政治—社会结构,在国际竞争中受其低效的财政动员的拖累。     

持久的不均衡:战后美日、美韩联盟比较研究

美日、美韩联盟自其在冷战中形成以来,便在美国的亚太联盟战略考量中具有不均衡的地位。美日联盟长期以来是美国亚太战略的核心,具有更高的战略和政治价值,而美韩联盟则更多的是一种军事联盟,主要目的是为了对付直接的军事威胁。缘此,在后冷战时代,美日、美韩联盟继续呈现出不同的演变方式,美日联盟继续深化扩展,而美韩联盟则表现出越来越漂移不定的状态。