Seasonal and latitudinal variations of the lower thermospheric tidal winds from meteor radar measurements in the U.S.S.R.

Meteor wind results obtained at 93–95 km altitude at seven sites, six in the Soviet Union and one in Antarctica, between 1965 and 1985 are reported. Attention is focussed on the amplitudes and phases of the semi-diurnal tide, showing a 22-yr oscillation, and of the generally weaker diurnal tide. The measurement results are compared with the results of theoretical models.     

Comment on connections between the 11-year solar cycle,the Q.B.O. and total ozone

Global total ozone does not show any evident connection during the period 1958–1984 with 10.7 cm solar flux (F_10.7). However, when the data are separated according to the east or west phase of the Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation (Q.B.O.) in the equatorial stratosphere, the following connection is found: when the Q.B.O. is in its west phase the global total ozone is positively correlated with the solar cycle; the opposite holds for the east phase of the Q.B.O.     

肯尼迪与美国洲际导弹发展研究

火箭和导弹技术的突破使核武器的发展进入了一个新的时期。20世纪50年代末,苏联首先掌握了陆基洲际导弹,对美国的国家安全提出了新的挑战,从而引发了美国国内对“导弹差距”和基本国家安全政策的一系列辩论。肯尼迪执政时期,美国洲际导弹生存能力和进攻能力的改进,对其国家安全和外交政策产生了重要的影响。     

双重的矛盾——印度尼西亚与美国关系的历史解析(1949-1966)

从1949至1966年,印美两国关系经历了友好、冲突、缓和与恶化的曲折变化。印尼中立主义与美国遏制战略之间的冲突,是阻碍两国关系发展的第一重矛盾。印尼民族主义与美国维护冷战盟友荷兰、英国殖民主义之间的冲突,则成为影响两国关系的第二重矛盾。印美两国矛盾的实质在于,冷战的两极格局下,一个全球超级大国和一个新兴地区大国之间难以调和的国家利益的冲突。     

美国墨西哥移民的人口效应评析

作为一个移民国家,多样化的种族/民族构成一直是美国人口结构的一个显著特征,外来移民始终是改变美国人口结构和布局的一个重要因素。近几十年以来,墨西哥裔人成为美国人口增长最快的族群之一,这部分人口主要由两种成分组成:出生于美国的墨西哥裔人和来自墨西哥的移民。作为拉美裔群体中最大的组成部分,墨西哥裔占全部拉美裔人口2/3左右;目前,墨西哥移民在美国全部外来人口中所占份额最大,达到30%;墨裔人在美国总人口中的比重逐年上升。墨裔人口不断膨胀源于其较高的生育率和移民的持续增加。墨西哥移民增加了美国的外国出生人口的数量;改变了美国人口的种族/民族构成,给美国带来了空前的族群异质性;人口多元化还影响到种族/民族关系。     

试析美苏建交的历史背景及原因

1929-1933年世界性经济危机使美苏关系发生了深刻变化.身受经济危机困扰的美国迫切需要将苏联作为重要的商品销售市场和原料供应地.伴随着经济危机的加深,日德法西斯势力开始了疯狂的侵略扩张活动,严重影响了美苏自身的安全和世界和平.在不断变化的国际政治现实面前,奉行现实主义外交政策的罗斯福总统终于打开了与苏联建立外交关系的大门.     

Reconstruction of birth histories using children ever born and children surviving data from the 1900 and 1910 U.S. censuses

Abstract

This paper describes a method to reconstruct birth histories for women in the 1900 and 1910?U. S. census IPUMS samples. The method is an extension of an earlier method developed by Luther and Cho (1988 Luther, N. Y., and L. Cho. 1988. Reconstruction of birth histories from census and household survey data. Population Studies 42 (3):451–72. doi: 10.1080/0032472031000143586.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The basic method relies on the number of children ever born, number of children surviving, number of children coresident in the household and age-specific fertility rates for the population to probabilistically assign an “age” to deceased and unmatched children. Modifications include the addition of an iterative Poisson regression model to fine-tune age-specific fertility inputs. The potential of birth histories for the study of the U.S. fertility transition is illustrated with a few examples.     

Comments on the lithic material from an 'Ubaid site in the Emirate of Ajman (U.A.E.)

This short note concerns a selection made by E. Haerinck of a few pieces among the lithic artefacts found on the surface of the site reported on in the preceding article (p. 84).     

日美核能合作的历史缘起(1945-1955)

日美核能合作是迄今世界上唯一原子弹“轰炸国”与“被炸国”之间的合作。美国对日核政策的演进路径既是其全球战略的内在要求,又是绑架日本依赖美国发展核能构想的必然产物,更是约束日本核武装诉求的因应考量。“天佑论”“无核战败论”与“产业革命论”等认识逻辑,折射出日本对核能需求的内生性与主动性。日本与美国合作的意图在于打破发展核能的政治限制,摆脱技术落后与核材料不足的瓶颈约束,提升本国发展核能的研发水平,进而为潜在拥有核武装能力创造初始条件。揭示日美核能合作的历史缘起,既客观铺陈了日本在与美国核能合作中蛰伏着“军事利用”的选择性与可能性,又有助于理解战后日本将“作为核电的原子能”与“作为核爆的原子能”进行结合的内在逻辑。     

当代美国亚裔参政问题分析

近年来美国亚裔参政出现了一些值得关注的变化,不但亚裔适龄选民参加选举登记和投票人数增加,民选及获得任命亚裔官员数也在增加,且呈现地区和族裔多元化,另外亚裔组织、亚裔精英和当选官员的参政动员等也越来越积极。但从总体上看,亚裔的参政水平和影响力都明显逊色于黑人甚至西裔。本文探讨了亚裔参政的状况及与黑人甚至西裔参政的差距,并结合美国学者的研究范式着重分析了亚裔参政水平较低的原因。     

Camel and horse skeletons from protohistoric graves at Mleiha in the Emirate of Sharjah (U.A.E.)

Animal burials from a graveyard at Mleiha in the interior of the Sharjah Emirate (U.A.E.) are described and documented with regard to the archaeozoology of the represented species. These are two horses, nine dromedaries, and three camel hybrids. The hybrids represent crossbreeds between two-humped Bactrian camels and one-humped Arabian dromedaries where the latter species has been the female parent. According to their central position in the graveyard, the hybrids seem to have been status animals. One of the horses was in a similar position while the other was in a peripheral grave together with a dromedary.     

Excavations at ed-Dur (Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.) - preliminary report on the fifth Belgian season (1991)

The results of six weeks'research in 1991 by a Belgian team from Gent University, at ed-Dur, in the Emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain, are presented. Several new areas were opened which provide additional information on burial practices. Some structures built of mudbricks were excavated and a variety of small finds add further to the already elaborate corpus.