少数民族文化旅游资源保护与产权合理安排

文章从目前少数民族文化旅游资源保护方式和存在的问题入手,认为仅仅以民俗博物馆、民族文化村和生态博物馆等方式来保护少数民族文化旅游资源的形式不能从根本上解决少数民族文化旅游资源开发中的保护问题。根据产权理论和文化资源的本质,文章提出解决少数民族旅游文化资源的保护应从产权合理安排方面着手,改变以往不合理的产权安排.论述了合理的产权安排能从本质上解决少数民族文化旅游资源在保护中存在的问题,是处理好民族文化旅游资源保护与经济发展之间的矛盾和冲突的基本前提。提出只有让少数民族在文化资源开发中得到最大的利益,成为自己资源的真正主人,才能从根本上激励他们合理保护自己的文化资源,使民族文化资源得以可持续利用。     

PRESERVING THE HERITAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF CHINA

<正>Professor Zhang Jianshi,male,Chinese,was born in Sep.1953.Now,he is the president of the Expo Center for Ethnic Minorities of the Southwest University for Na...     

英国旅游者出游年龄规律研究

旅游统计和市场研究中年龄经常作为一个变量被广泛使用,但是针对年龄变量的论证却寥寥无几。本文依托中英两国最新权威统计资料,结合实地问卷调查资料,以英国人为例,研究年龄对其出游的影响规律,首次提出了出游年龄优势论。英国人出游决策呈现明显的年龄规律,以青壮年(25—44岁)和中老年(45—64岁)为主,占80%以上,其余年龄群体所占比例较少。这种现象归结为"出游年龄优势论"。人口老龄化趋势促使旅游管理者和营销者关注老龄化市场,老龄市场份额呈上升趋势,但是老年人不会取代中青年成为首要旅游市场,这主要是受健康状况和收入水平双瓶颈限制。英国旅游市场呈现出来的年龄规律具有一定的普遍性。     

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF IMPURITY PATTERNS IN ARMORICO-BRITISH DAGGERS

Employing cluster analysis, patterns and relationships have been looked for within the trace and alloying elements of about eighty bronze daggers of the Wessex and contemporary cultures in Brittany. The results showed that only one of the four types of daggers could be linked with a particular metal cluster, that various types of daggers were used parallel to one another over considerable periods and that the more advanced metal clusters have an almost entirely British distribution.     

RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS OF NEW IMMIGRANTS AND LINGUISTIC INTEGRATION

The present study looks at the residential patterns of new immigrants in Montreal and their impact on subsequent language use in the workplace and educational programs. We first explore the themes of language and territory, citing evidence for the neighbourhood of residence as being a site of language contact organized linguistically around models corresponding to the majority language spoken by its population. Secondly, we explore a sample of 1000 new immigrants, situating them in francophone, anglophone, allophone, and heterogeneous neighbourhoods. Three aspects of their residential establishment are examined: their distribution within the neighbourhoods of Montreal, the factors determining the choice of one or another of the four types of linguistic milieux, and the influence of these milieux on subsequent language use. These latter two aspects use Event History Analysis, a statistical model permitting the longitudinal analysis of dated data.     

国外旅游线路空间模式研究进展

旅游线路空间模式实质上是游客在目的地区域对停留空间和消费空间的理性选择与线性组合,是具有典型空间属性的社会文化地理现象和经济地理现象,涉及了作为旅游景点和旅游目的地的点状地理要素和作为旅游线路的线状地理要素以及旅游目的地体系构成的区域等面状地理要素。从文献综述的角度对不同尺度旅游线路模式的空间模型、目的地类型、游客旅行行为特征、模式选择影响因素以及理论基础进行了总结,在此基础上结合国内研究对旅游线路模式今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE SOVIET UNION

Analysis of spatial patterns of attained educational levels is helpful in understanding the cultural geography of an area, perhaps especially in the Soviet Union, with its many ethnic groups and stated aim of providing equality of education regardless of ethnicity or sex. The proportion of the population that had completed a higher education was mapped at oblast level from 1970 census data. High rates are found in certain urban areas, Estonia and Latvia, Georgia, and certain sparsely populated areas of the Far North, Siberia, and the Far East. There are regional patterns of disparity between male and female rates of completed higher education and between rural and urban rates, despite Soviet attempts to reduce these inequalities. The distribution of Soviet higher educational institutions conforms generally to the distribution of population, although access to higher education opportunities appears to be geographically limited in some regions. (Maps by Joann L. Krupa, George Mason University.)     

旅游流空间模式基本理论:问题分析及其展望

旅游流是旅游地理学的基本问题,而旅游流空间模式的研究,自20世纪50年代以来则是旅游流研究的热点问题。通过文献分析法,本文将旅游流空间模式基本理论梳理为圈层结构理论、核心边缘理论、空间扩散理论。在此基础上,揭示其存在的若干问题,包括研究中存在的"区域视角"和"旅游者个体视角"混淆的认知问题、旅游客源地和旅游目的地在区域视角下如何界定的问题、空间模式研究中广泛存在的"二元陷阱"问题、区域间旅游职能分化及其分化程度尚无科学分析的问题等。文末对未来研究进行了展望,以期从理论意义上深化旅游流基本问题的建构。需指出的是,旅游流作为"非工作流"的一种,其"流现象"、"流空间"和"流效应"同样可适用于其它形式的"流研究"。     

批发业空间及其形成机制研究综述

通过对国内外批发业空间及其形成机制的研究梳理,将批发业的研究分为三个阶段,一是20世纪30-60年代,依附于区位论的批发业区位研究,学者受克里斯塔勒的中心地理论影响,流行用与批发贸易相关的指标来测量城市中心性;二是20世纪70-90年代,对批发业区位进行专门研究,并对其形成机制的探讨程度加深;同时,通过研究批发业来探讨城镇体系的文献也较为多见;三是20世纪90年代中期至今,批发业的空间优化,并与现代物流业紧密结合。我国对批发业的学术研究主要集中在批发市场方面,且起步较晚,研究内容上,对批发市场空间布局及其影响因素的研究较为深入,但缺乏批发市场的空间演变及其形成机制的研究。同时,批发市场货流空间的研究、批发业交易功能与物流功能的空间分离关注较少。     

SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIFFUSION PATTERNS OF HUTTERITE COLONIES

This paper describes some developments in the diffusion pattern of Hutterite colonies in North America. Today, there are more than 300 colonies distributed over the four western provinces of Canada and five states of the United States. The spatial behaviour of the three Hutterite clan-groups is compared, and responses by the sects to the repeal of the Alberta Communal Property Act in 1973 are assessed. Finally, changes in the rate of diffusion and the management of colony division are examined.
Cette communication décrit quelques développements dans la diffusion des colonies ďHutterites en Amérique du Nord. Aujourd'hui, il y a plus de 300 colonies dispersées dans les quatre provinces de ľoeust canadien et dans cinq états américains. Nous comparons le comportement spatial des trois groupes, ou clans, principaux ďHutterites et nous évaluons les réactions des sectes àľabrogation de la législation, de 1973, de la loi pourtant sur la possession en commun de propriétés Finalement. on examine le gérance de la division des colonies, et les changements dans leurs taux de diffusion.     

中国外商投资区位选择的时空格局与影响因素

以中国274个地市为样本,引入空间分析和计量模型等方法,分析外资分布特点及影响因素,结果表明：①中国目前尚不存在大规模外资"逃离"现象,外资利用总量在波动中上升,结构趋于优化。②空间上由集聚集中趋向分散均衡,呈"北进西移"态势,东部高度集中,中西部发展较快。外资高值集聚区逐渐向北推进,低值区向西南收缩;③劳动力成本、市场规模、专业化经济、FDI累积、市场化水平和开放度均对外资有正向作用。其中,传统因素对外资的吸引作用正逐渐下降,FDI累积的作用上升明显,集聚对外资分布作用显著。从不同区域看,集聚经济和FDI累积效应等新经济地理因素在东部外资区位选择中受到更多的关注,而劳动力成本、基础设施、开放水平等传统因素在中西部吸引外资中作用更大。④中国应遵循因地制宜、因时制宜的原则制定差异化的外资政策。