中世纪欧洲村庄的自治

中世纪欧洲许多村庄具有自治性质。它们独立管理自己的事务：有自己的法律——村规;有自己的最高权力机构——庄园法庭和村民会议;有自己选举出来的管理人员;有些村庄还有自己的军事防务。中央政府和领主承认许多村庄的自治。     

中世纪与欧洲文明元规则

欧洲文明采纳和改造不同的文明元素,经历数百年痛苦的文化互动与磨合,终于成形于中世纪中期。其文明确立的标志是有着广泛社会共识、被明确定义并根植于自然权利的"元规则":财产权利、同意权利、程序权利、自卫权利和生命权利。它们是深层次、始基性规则系统,是决定规则的规则,它们是不可让渡的应然权利,却影响着实定法权利,进而深刻地影响着欧洲社会走向。这些元规则自成体系,奠定了西方文明的基础,从而使西方成为西方。     

当代国内外学者对欧洲中世纪婚姻问题的研究

对中世纪婚姻问题的研究不仅具有重大的学术价值,而且也有着相当突出的现实意义。因而较早就受到了西方学们的重视。当然,对其研究的发端还有其深刻的社会化根源。大致而言,学们对中世纪婚姻问题的研究主要集中在对6个大问题上。     

瑞士古镇萨永 体验纯正的欧洲中世纪

欧洲到15世纪末持续了约千年的中世纪被普遍认为是欧洲的“黑暗时代”。不过,那也是黎明前的黑夜,欧洲人对中世纪怀有特殊情感。萨永的中世纪节始于1987年,四年一度。在瑞士,中世纪节并非萨永镇专有,其他城镇也举办,但萨永的中世纪节最有名。每年的9月到11月,都是中世纪节的快乐时光。     

试析中世纪晚期欧洲的伯格音运动

伯格音（Beguine）中世纪欧洲宗教史上惟一的由妇女发起,并以妇女为主体的宗教运动。本文介绍了伯格音运动的基本概况和特点,从宗教、社会和文化等三方面分析了该运动的起因,阐述了教俗两界对该运动的态度及其变化等。伯格音运动反映了妇女争取自由解放的要求,对当时的欧洲社会产生了很大的冲击和影响。     

《欧洲中世纪的生活》读后

早在 2 0世纪上半叶 ,法国年鉴学派以及英国和美国的历史学家们就相继出版了许多有关日常生活史方面的专著 ,发表了大量的论文。德国学者在这方面的研究似乎要晚于西方其他国家。然而 ,当他们涉足这个领域时 ,就有了良好的开端 ,汉斯 -维尔纳·格茨的《欧洲中世纪的生活》 (Han     

繁忙、单调与贫困——简析欧洲中世纪农民日常生活

欧洲中世纪的农民日常生活繁忙而单调。他们一年四季将大部分时间花在劳动上,即使冬季仍就有干不完的农活。然而,农民仍旧极为贫困,食物贫乏,几乎没有肉,穿着也简单。除去个别的宗教节日,几乎没有娱乐活动。造成这种状况的原因是当时技术水平低下,领主的剥削和宗教的控制。     

中世纪晚期和近代早期欧洲的寡妇改嫁

在中世纪晚期和近代早期的欧洲 ,寡妇较多 ,她们改嫁的比率较高 ,再嫁者守寡时间较短。历史事实表明 ,寡妇对于是否改嫁的选择 ,不仅仅是个人行为 ,而且受客观条件的制约。当时欧洲较为开放的文化和舆论氛围 ,寡妇自身的财产和处置财产的权利 ,为她们改嫁提供了可能。而传统时代的经济体制和现实生活的艰辛也要求她们重组家庭。     

布鲁日：欧洲中世纪城市的缩影

比利时的布鲁日城被称作“沉睡的美女”,它是欧洲保留最完整的中世纪城市,2000年被联合国教科文化组织列入世界遗产名录。然而,在国内似乎鲜为人知。通常到欧洲旅游的中国游客,到首都布鲁塞尔市中心广场转一圈、与著名的“尿童”小于连的铜像合个影,或再看一眼“原子球”便上车走人,就算是游过比利时了。但仅仅如此,是远远不够的,在我看来,到了比利时如若不游布鲁日,就如同没去过比利时。     

Lords and Towns in Medieval Europe: The European Historic Towns Atlas Project

Abstract

THE FIRST significant archaeological excavation within the village of Thorney, Cambridgeshire, has revealed a sequence of occupation deposits associated with the former Benedictine abbey and reflecting some 600 years of use. Thorney Abbey was surrendered at the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries in 1539 and over successive years many of the buildings were demolished and the stone removed for re-use elsewhere. As a consequence very little is known of the abbey's layout and organisation. In the Middle Ages Thorney was surrounded by fen wetland and the excavations reported on here were located near the northern edge of the former island, slightly to the north of the abbey church and suspected location of the main abbey precinct. The long sequence of deposits offered an important insight into the changing character of fen-edge life on Thorney from the 11th century onwards. Occupation remains and a sequence of contemporary structures indicated that despite the apparently peripheral location of the site in relation to the main abbey complex, life was rarely static on the island's northern edge. It is suggested that the structures and related remains were once part of the abbey's outer court. Dissolution deposits reflected the dismantling of windows and the salvage and recycling of lead came. A re-used architectural fragment, possibly a pillar base, had been converted into a lead recycling hearth and the immediately surrounding area was covered with the remains of the leadworking as well as a large assemblage of broken, high-quality painted window glass, the end result of the lead removal. Late 16th-century structural evidence on the site has also shed light on some of the earliest secular occupation on the island following the Dissolution. A combination of the finds assemblages recovered during the work and documentary research has enabled a picture of life at medieval Thorney to be drawn for the first time. Documentary and cartographic work has also helped to understand the wider fenland context.     

Motifs in The Arabian Nights and in Ancient and Medieval European Literature: A Comparison

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate about the origins of parallel motifs in The Arabian Nights and in ancient and medieval popular and learned literature about exotic lands of the East. This preliminary survey focuses on seven related motifs: the magnetic mountain, the congealed sea, flying griffins, automata and genies, the mysterious walled city, the living island, and the underground river. This paper is intended as a contribution toward a motif-Index of The Arabian Nights in order to facilitate further comparative study of the motifs involved.     

Toward Equity: The Poor and University Students

Abstract

This is a response of the College of Commerce, University of Santo Tomas, to poverty and inequity in the Philippines. Started in 2004-2005, the entrepreneurship course is known as the Triple E program: Entrepreneurship and Ethics education toward Equity. The course unites knowing and doing through opportunities for students to know the poor more as producers and consumers. The vision is for graduates to provide affordable goods, services, and paid work especially to low-income women and out-of-school youth. As a guide, students are oriented to the Triple L model of working with grassroots women—Listening, Leadership, and Livelihood.     

The Medieval Pottery of Paris

THE CELEBRATED TIMBER aisled hall of the Bishop's Palace, Hereford, is reassessed in the light of contemporary stone halls and of new evidence for its original plan. Bishop William de Vere (1186–98) is identified as the most likely builder. In contrast to a previous interpretation of the Palace as a traditional building reflecting ancient forms, it is assigned to a group of sumptuous late 12th-century halls, products of a new fashion. Recently-discovered plans of c. 1840, in conjunction with other evidence, make possible a reconstruction of the complete original plan: a four-bay hall, a side porch, and an end chamber-block of three floors over a basement. A building demolished in the late 18th century is interpreted as a detached main chamber-block. The Palace complex was separated from the cathedral by a stone wall; its main front faced west to what may then have been the main N.-S. route through Hereford.