广汉三星堆二号祭祀坑出土铜器成分的分析

广汉三星堆一、二号祭祀坑出土了丰富的铜器。1987年12月第一次取样进行了分析。在此基础上,1989年6月又第二次取样进行分析。这次取样扩大了取样范围,特别是对一些重要器物如铜尊、铜垒取样数目较多。分析项目是:电子显微镜能谱成分分析,金相组织观察和泥蕊(内范)组成分析。一、样品的一般情况测试样品分成五类13件;①人像类:铜人头2件,铜面具1件,共3件;②容器类:铜尊3件、铜罍3件,共6件;③行具类:车马器2件;④神树类:神树部件1     

利用多种无损测试技术综合研究中国古代玉器

过去十年里,无损测试技术研究古代玉器主要着重于矿物鉴定、玉石来源、加工工艺、加热处理和埋藏变化的分析。本实验样品的挑选以颜色为基础,从半透明的白色到近乎黑色。包括七块现代已知产地来源的透闪石样品,以及芝加哥艺术学院博物馆收藏的三件古代玉器(一件象牙白色新石器时代玉环、一件带斑点     

四川宋瓷博物馆藏青瓷残片的对比研究

利用现代科学技术对11枚青瓷片进行测试分析。结果表明,青瓷胎的主量元素含量(SiO2、Al2O3和K2O)变化较大,即使是相同窑口的龙泉窑青瓷(南宋和元)稳定性也不高;热膨胀分析表明,南宋和元龙泉窑青瓷胎的烧成温度较其他样品低,这与厚釉高温容易流釉变形和瓷胎使用二元配方有关。根据元素分析结果,可推测样品中南宋、元和明的6件青瓷胎的原料可能出自同一地区,而晚唐和北宋青瓷样品则不属于龙泉窑的瓷器。     

凌家滩墓葬玉器测试研究

1987年安徽省文物考古研究所两次在含山县凌家滩发掘距今5000年前的新石器遗址墓地,出土了很多精美的玉器。我们选择样品利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、偏光显微镜和原子吸收分光光度计进行了测试分析,确定了它们的物相,在此基础上对它们的产地和加工工艺进行了研究。一、X射线衍射物相分析用于X射线物相分析的样品计6件,其中4件完整,2件为残片。样品的基本状态见表一。残片样品测试按常规粉末方法进行。对于完整的几件,为了避免损伤,我们专门设     

上海青浦福泉山遗址出土崧泽至良渚时期玉器的材质特征与玉料来源

上海青浦福泉山遗址出土玉器中的绝大多数没有做过科学测试,本次研究对其中6件崧泽玉器和478件良渚玉器进行了显微放大观察和红外光谱(FTIR)、便携式X射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、拉曼光谱(Raman)无损测试分析。结果表明:福泉山遗址出土崧泽玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、萤石3类;良渚玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、石英质玉、云母质玉、萤石、滑石质玉、绿松石7类。确认部分透闪石玉样品为含石墨包裹体的青花玉品种,所有透闪石玉样品的Sr含量都小于50 μg/g,与已知江苏小梅岭透闪石玉不符。揭示福泉山遗址所用透闪石玉和蛇纹石玉均存在超基性岩型、大理岩型两种成因类型,有多产地来源的特点,为从玉料使用角度全面认识南方史前文明化进程提供了新的重要材料。     

北京毛家湾出土瓷片残留物荧光分析及相关问题探讨

对考古发现的古代残留物进行理化测试分析,是判定出土遗物成分和用途的有效方法之一。作者通过对北京毛家湾出土的8件瓷器上的残留物进行同步辐射X射线荧光(SRXRF)分析,确认这些残留物含有朱砂、铅丹、铅白、雄黄、雌黄等成分。结合文献资料记载,文章认为这些残留物应为作画颜料,同时对4号样品景德镇青花卧足碗的用途进行了初步探讨。     

明代周懿王墓及祔葬墓出土木质葬具鉴定及相关问题

<正>明代周懿王墓位于郑州荥阳市贾峪镇鲁庄村西,由寝园建筑、主墓、祔葬墓等组成。周懿王墓和部分祔葬墓出土少量木质棺椁残片,我们从M70(周懿王及王妃王氏合葬墓)取到2件棺木和1件椁木,从M102(周懿王夫人王氏墓)、M104、M105和M115各取到1件棺木残片样品,共7件木材样品,目的是通过木材鉴定和对其有机成分的分析,进一步了解明代高等级葬具在用材上的特点。     

越窑青瓷的辐照熄灭测试研究

熄灭率是研究瓷器辐照熄灭特性的一个重要参数,也是衡量一件古瓷器能否用热释光前剂量技术测定的一个重要条件.如果一件瓷器的熄灭率太低,这件瓷器就不能用前剂量技术测定年代,或测定得到的年代结果误差会很大.为此,本工作对中国最早的青瓷——浙江慈溪上林湖唐代、五代及宋代的10个越窑古窑址的78件青瓷样品进行了辐照熄灭率测试研究.测试结果分别获得了各测定样品的“辐照熄灭率”.越窑青瓷样品的平均熄灭率为11.38％,这样的熄灭率保证了热释光灵敏度曲线测量时有足够的分辨率,也保证了应用热释光前剂量熄灭法测定越窑瓷器样品年代结果的准确性.     

上海博物馆馆藏俏色“春水”、“秋山”玉饰的材质、皮色及年代研究

为研究传世俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉的皮色及年代问题,利用显微放大观察、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)、显微红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)技术,对上海博物馆收藏的9件俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉饰进行了皮色分布、化学成分、矿物学特征分析。实验结果表明9件玉器样品的主要矿物组成均为透闪石,其中两件样品曾经人工染色处理,染色材料与蜂蜡有关。结合考古发现及文献记载,将传世俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉的年代限于金、元,综合考量器形、纹饰、做工、皮色之后,将2件作伪俏色样品的年代定为元代。研究思路及方法是科技分析结合古器物学研究鉴定传世玉器的一次尝试。     

离子色谱及其样品前处理技术在文物保护中的应用和进展

离子色谱法(IC)是检测离子型化合物的重要检测方法。样品前处理关乎测试结果的准确性、可靠性和仪器的使用范围,是分析检测工作的重要研究对象。文章介绍了文物保护领域应用的IC及其样品前处理方法,展望了样品前处理技术的发展和其在文物保护中的应用。     

Exploitation of Lithic Raw Material in The Northwestern Caucasus Upper Paleolithic

Sources of lithic raw material discovered by the authors are described with special regard to methods of transporting stone to Upper Paleolithic sites in the northwestern Caucasus. The analysis of obsidian artifacts suggests that materials were imported from remote regions such as the central and South Caucasus, evidencing mobility patterns in the Upper Paleolithic.     

A Powerhouse Reform: Conversion from the Ministry of Electric Power to the State Power Corporation of China

This paper examines the relationship between economic reform and government restructuring in China by examining the reform in the power industry in general and the conversion of the Ministry of Electric Power to the State Power Corporation of China in particular. It shows two distinct features of this relationship. One is that political and economic reforms must proceed in tandem. That is, economic reform requires ideological shifts by the Party and changes in government policies, which in turn propel changes both in government structures and in the economic structure of industries. The other is the combination of top-led and bottom-driven reform. Changes in government policies and ideological guidelines encourage and promote economic reforms in power plants in provinces and regions. Reforms adopted and confirmed from the bottom-up demand and drive political restructuring in the central government.     

First Obsidian in the Northern French Alps during the Early Neolithic

An exceptional discovery was made in 2013 in the northern French Alps, at the Grande Rivoire site in Sassenage (Isère department): an obsidian bladelet from Sardinia was found in a cultural horizon dated to about 5360–5210 cal b.c. The abundant arrowheads found with it are characteristic of the Early Neolithic in the South of France (Cardial/Epicardial). Yet there was no pottery or domestic fauna, and only discrete markers of farming. The typological, technological and micro-wear analysis of this bladelet, as well as the determination of the origin of the raw material, open new avenues of reflection for the neolithization of the northern Alps, in particular concerning the role played by the Early Neolithic cultures of northern Italy.     

Long-term clay raw material selection and use in the region of Classical/Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Sagalassos (SW Turkey)

A provenance study was carried out on coarse ceramics from the Classical/Hellenistic to Mid-Byzantine city of Sagalassos, SW Turkey. The ceramics were sampled from the excavations of the city, and clay raw materials were sampled throughout its ancient territory. Used techniques were optical microscopy and electron microprobe analysis on thin sections, geochemical analysis (fusion ICP/MS and mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction). The geochemical/mineralogical diversity in the ceramics is not as wide as for the clay raw materials. It seems that even at the restricted scale of this study, the resources were limited to the area around the ancient site. The differences between the ceramics are likely due to the use of different ophiolitic clay bodies being exploited for their production.     

The Fall of the Empire State

Book reviewed in this article:
B. J. C. McKercher, Transition of Power: Britain's Loss of Global Pre-eminence to the United States, 1930–1945     

Gold Wars in the Cold War

Book reviewed:
Francis J. Gavin. Gold, Dollars, and Power: The Politics of International Monetary Relations, 1958–1971 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 280 pp. Illus., tables, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00 (cloth).     

The When, Where, and How of Novices in Craft Production

Archaeologists frequently underestimate the importance of children as well as craft skill acquisition in the formation of archaeological assemblages. Perhaps even more often they conflate the terms “novice” and “child” in ways that oversimplify the factors that are involved in incorporating new producers into craft production. In particular, the skill acquisition involved in stone tool production is influenced by a variety of factors, including danger, raw material value, raw material availability, and raw material recyclability, as well as a variety of social factors. This paper examines the influence of each of these factors and also suggests patterns useful in recognizing and distinguishing between novices and children in the archaeological record.

阳山碑材新论

阳山碑材为南京的明代重要物胜迹,本就其规模尺寸,开凿时间、弃之不用的原因及相关问题作了探讨。     

Paper 5: Historic Mortars from the Coudenberg Archaeological Site: Characterization and Source of Raw Materials

Abstract

The characterization of historic mortars by means of a concise methodology of material analyses can provide crucial information with regard to the origin of the raw materials and the ancient mortar technology. For the analysis of the historic mortars of the Coudenberg archaeological site, the methodology consists of optical and scanning electron microscopy, simultaneous thermal analysis, and an acidic treatment. These analyses were carried out on a total of seventeen samples lifted from various areas in the site, in function of the building chronology resulting from a historic built investigation. The type of binder and aggregate as well as their volumetric ratio were determined.

Both binder and aggregate present distinctive features, which made it possible to identify the probable geological provenance of the raw materials. The observations are verified with available historical records regarding the construction of the main banqueting hall — the Aula Magna — and the use of raw materials such as limestone and sand for the production of lime and construction purposes.     

The Indigenous Land Corporation's First Land Management Policy: Reconciling National Policy with the Contingencies of Local Context

The Indigenous Land Corporation was established to acquire lands for Indigenous peoples who were unlikely to benefit from recognition of native title. The Corporation is also charged with assisting Indigenous peoples manage their lands. The First Land Management Policy of the Indigenous Land Corporation is examined, and the strengths as well as the omissions and flaws of this initial policy approach to land management are noted. Ways to improve the assistance that the Corporation provides to Indigenous landowners in the management of their lands are proposed. The paper suggests that the Corporation's approach to land management needs to resolve the demands of a national policy mandate with the contingencies of local context.