当代西方精神史研究探析

1994年7月8—9日,国际精神史学会(International Society for Intellectual History)在英国伦敦成立。来自书籍史、学史、宗教史、政治思想史、艺术与音乐史、哲学史及科学史等领域的32位英、美及欧洲大陆的学参加了成立大会,经讨论决定设立一个常务委员会来管理学会,由英国的布莱克韦尔教授(Constance Blackwell)进行协调,并由他负责编辑学会的会刊。国际精神史学会成立后很快便发展壮大起来,目前已拥有会员400多人。     

The Study of Chinese Historiography from the Perspective of Intellectual History

To promote historical research today, one needs to create a vigorous environment for historiographic criticism, to summarize the progress and state of all fields and topics of history, and to enhance the study of historiography. All these three aspects, which share similar characteristics, can be called “historiography.” Their essence is the basic method for deepening the study of historiography as a whole and refining its branches from the perspective of intellectual history. They can help us to form a healthy scholarly mechanism to review historical achievements, which would be crucial to the development of academic research. Translated from Nankai Journal (Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition), No. 2, 2004     

The Secret History of TANU: Rumor,Historiography and Muslim Unrest in Contemporary Dar Es Salaam

This article explores historical rumors and narratives told by Muslims of Dar es Salaam, contending that Julius Nyerere, TANU founder and first president of independent Tanzania, was an inexperienced schoolteacher thrust into the role of political activist through sponsorship of the Muslim community. This history was allegedly hidden by the current government to cover up not only Nyerere’s meteoric rise to a position of leadership, but also subsequent actions that wrested the movement from Muslims and other early TANU leaders to monopolize power for himself and upcountry elites. Just as academic historians critique the teleological trajectory of many nationalist histories, these rumors critique Tanzanian nationalist history through appropriating its historiographic form to forefront postcolonial grievances. The discursive nature of such rumors articulates the discontent permeating the postcolonial Muslim community of Dar es Salaam. And as political speech in action, rumors are instrumental in mobilizing new postcolonial political configurations.     

当代世界历史发展的新动向

“20世纪……世界科技发生了深刻的革命……对世界政治,经济,化生活产生更加深刻的影响”。的确,20世纪末的世界历史发生了重要变化：信息技术革命深刻地改变着人类的通讯、生产和生活方式;生产力的巨大发展也带来生产方式的改变;网络的运用使生产的组织     

Turning International: Foundations of Modern International Thought and New Paradigms for Intellectual History

Summary

This essay provides an overview of the disciplinary and analytical significance of David Armitage's Foundations of Modern International Thought in the context of the new international history, and the so-called ‘international turn’. It then goes on to discuss the significance of the absence of women in this new sub-field of intellectual history.     

亚裔美国史学五十年:反思与展望

回顾和检讨亚裔美国史学在过去半个世纪里所走过的道路可以发现,早期亚裔美国史学中一个最突出的问题是以意识形态为主导的一元论历史观。在近30年的时间里,学者大都仅仅从"种族歧视"这一个角度去诠释历史事件,反对从其他视野去观察亚洲移民的经历。不过,最近15年来,这个领域中出现了冲破一元论历史观束缚的趋势。新一代学者提出了白人、黑人和亚裔之间三角形关系的论点,从而否定了"有色对白种"的双重种族关系理论模式。从"跨国主义"的视野观察亚裔美国史的人认为,亚洲移民实际上具有双重的民族主义和双重文化认同,从而向"同化论"、"定居者"论和"美国化"论提出了挑战。他们还发现,日本人向美国移民和日本帝国主义的海外扩张之间有着密不可分的关系。这些新动向标志着亚裔美国史学正在逐步走向成熟。     

论钱穆文化民族主义史学思想的形成

在20世纪的中国史学中,钱穆的史学独树一帜,是文化民族主义史学的代表人物。钱穆的文化民族主义思想,发轫于30年代中期,形成于30年代末,以《国史大纲》的完成为其标志。以考据起家的钱穆最终转向对考据学风的批评,是因为他认识到一味埋首考据,不利于民族精神的张扬,所以他站在民族文化的立场上对新考据派作不遗余力的批评,这是他文化民族主义思想产生的内在动因;基于民族危机的刺激而产生的救亡意识是他文化民族主义思想产生的现实动因。自《国史大纲》完成后,钱穆学问研究的重心发生了转变,由历史研究转向文化研究,为中国文化招魂、续命遂成为他一生的志业所在。     

近代中国的新史学及其流变

清季以来,新史学成为中国学人不断追求的至高境界,可是对于新史学的理解和取径却各不相同。为了后来居上,此前的新史学也往往被当作不破不立的对象。在不断趋新的过程中,中国史学的形式根本改观,但要拿出超越旧史学的代表作,却并不容易。创新的前提是温故,首先要掌握史学的基本与大体,超越中西新旧,避免盲人摸象,防止以偏为新,才不至于欲辟蹊径而蹈覆辙,甚至南辕北辙。     

Writing Gender into History and History in Gender: Creating A Nation and Australian Historiography

This paper reflects on the impact of gender in the writing of history by considering the reception of Creating A Nation, the first gendered history of Australia. It argues that while there has emerged an impressive volume of feminist history and with it has come an important acceptance of women's historical experience, the reception of ‘gender’ within the historical profession has paradoxically been ambivalent and ambiguous. This is the case because of an unease about feminist theory and its relevance to history. There also remains a prevailing belief that a gendered neutral historical place exists, to which historians can retreat.     

"鲁迅风波":当代中国思想史的一个侧面

鲁迅的著作已成为经典,不论在文学史上,还是在思想史上,都是公认的事实.而且这在鲁迅生前业已发生,是在各种思想争论中历史地形成的.自改革开放和思想解放运动以来的20余年间,鲁迅及其思想又遭遇挑战,这已不是经典形成的话题,而是挑战经典本身,由此而引发的纷纭评说,人称"鲁迅风波"."鲁迅风波"虽经几起几落,但其背后隐藏的,不啻是鲁迅经典文本的现代阐释,尽管阐释有严肃的,也有调侃的,但都是借阐释鲁迅以表达某种当代思想诉求.因此,关于鲁迅的不同层面、不同取向的论争,凸显的无疑是当代中国思想史的一个侧面.     

孔子的历史思想和史学意识

春秋之时,史学作为学科远未形诸事实,然孔子历史思想与史学意识则多有表现。孔子伦理观念中蕴含着对人类社会共同体的认识;其以天人、古今、有道无道、文质等相对概念分析概括历史的变化;认同礼乐制度的不断完善,视其为人文的核心;重视君主及其道德在历史上的作用;敬鬼神而远之,以考量历史及其过程的途径去体贴天命,透散出历史理性;以文化传承者自任,整理、保存并阐发典籍;总结历史,以为救弊方案,体现出明道经世的史学价值取向。     

Intellectual History and the History of Philosophy

Summary

The issue which I wish to address in this paper is the widespread tendency in Anglophone philosophy to insist on a separation between the history of philosophy and the history of ideas or intellectual history. This separation reflects an anxiety on the part of philosophers lest the special character of philosophy will be dissolved into something else in the hands of historians. And it is borne of a fundamental tension between those who think of philosophy's past as a source of ideas and arguments of interest to the present, and those who hold that the philosophy of the past should be studied on its own terms, in relation to its immediate context, without reference to the present. The challenge, then, is to re-historicise the history of philosophy, and to keep the philosophers onside.