THE MOSAIC OF DISCRETION: CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY

Martin A. Levin, Urban Politics and the Criminal Courts Lynn RI. Mather. Plea Bargaining or Trial? Ralph A. Rossum. Thr Politics of the Criminal Justice Process Thomas M. Uhlman. Racial Justice Lexington, Mass.     

大数据背景下国内人文地理研究进展与方法审视

通过梳理人文地理领域杂志近年大数据文章解释其与大数据应用的关系，强调其应用给人文地理学研究带来机遇和挑战：①大数据作为研究方法，不能代替传统人文地理研究范式，而是对现研究方法的补充。大数据和小数据需对话交流；②大数据本身是一种话语权，嵌入人文地理研究系统。保证人文地理学多样性，避免过度依赖大数据，需在批判角度审视和运用；③需关注大数据对于人文地理学研究方法和思想的影响；④运用大数据解读地理和空间过程复杂性的同时，应看到大数据应用对公共服务的潜力，思考其结果如何更好的服务社会。     

大数据时代的人文地理研究与应用实践

信息通信技术快速发展带来了大数据时代的到来,改变着区域或城市空间组织及居民行为,流空间成为人类活动的主要载体,并使得人文地理学理论与方法面临革新。本文在梳理国内外文献基础上,认为大数据时代的人文地理研究开始更加注重自然与人文学科间的融合、数据密集型研究方法的革新、以居民活动为主体的人本科学性,并构建了人文地理学及其主要分支学科在大数据时代研究的总体框架。同时,也提出了大数据面向空间规划方法和技术、居民个体行为决策优化、企业运营决策、政府宏观政策制定与管理等方面的应用方向。     

法律地理学与中国犯罪行为研究

本文介绍了人文地理学研究领域中日趋活跃的新学科分支--法律地理学研究的现状与发展;以法律地理学研究的重要对象--犯罪行为为例,研究了中国不同典型地域,不同经济发展水平下犯罪行为的区域差异特征,尝试探讨中国法律地理学建设和发展的现实可行性,以图推动中国人文地理学的学科建设和发展。     

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ADAPTIVE AND NON-ADAPTIVE FORCE-BASED PUSHOVER PROCEDURES

The recent drive for use of performance based methodologies in design and assessment of structures in seismic areas has significantly increased the demand for the development of reliable nonlinear inelastic static pushover analysis tools. As a result, the recent years have witnessed the introduction of the so-called adaptive pushover methods, which, unlike their conventional pushover counterparts, feature the ability to account for the effect that higher modes of vibration and progressive stiffness degradation might have on the distribution of seismic storey forces. In this paper, the accuracy of these force-based adaptive pushover methods in predicting the horizontal capacity of reinforced concrete buildings is explored, through comparison with results from a large number of nonlinear time-history dynamic analyses. It is concluded that, despite its apparent conceptual superiority, current force-based adaptive pushover features a relatively minor advantage over its traditional non-adaptive equivalent, particularly in what concerns the estimation of deformation patterns of buildings, which are poorly predicted by both types of analysis.     

多维贫困视角下的旅游扶贫与空间正义研究——以贵州施秉喀斯特世界遗产地社区为例

旅游扶贫作为促进贫困地区经济发展的主要手段,在产生经济效益的同时亦存在众多社会矛盾,然而以往研究更多强调主体利益,而未从空间的本质去探讨社会矛盾的表现及过程。本文从多维贫困视角,以施秉喀斯特世界遗产地的牌楼冲社区为例,通过深度访谈等研究方法,探讨旅游扶贫产生的空间非正义的问题。研究认为,旅游扶贫对社区产生的效应有经济收入增加但不均衡、村民参与旅游但机会不平等和旅游服务技能提升但参与能力欠缺三方面,这是由资源不公正分配、村民自主决策权缺失和社区参与边缘化等空间非正义过程导致的。本研究对中国传统乡村向旅游乡村转型的空间再组织过程中,由经济制度、旅游政策、资本、发展话语与实践所带来的社会冲突与风险提供了一个新的分析视角,也促进对旅游扶贫的效应及其空间正义问题的反思。     

RESEARCH NOTES AND APPLICATION REPORTS A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR DATA LOGGING IN GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING

A system is described whereby readings from an earth resistance meter may be recorded automatically on a small portable computer. Field tests have demonstrated that the system is more reliable and more economical than manual recording, and that the results may be processed quickly and conveniently into their final form.     

西安新城市贫困空间固化及其治理研究——基于空间正义视角

新城市贫困空间固化及其治理研究,对破解城市发展不平衡不充分,促进城市社会公平公正具有重要理论和现实意义。基于西安市街道尺度问卷调查数据,采用贫困综合指数和构建空间固贫指数,在GIS技术支持下,对西安新城市贫困空间时空演化和固化趋势进行研究,并以空间正义为视角,提出西安新城市贫困空间固化治理方案。结果表明：①研究期内,西安新城市贫困程度不断减轻,贫困空间分布异质性明显,贫困空间演化整体上由放射状嵌套分布向圈层分布转变;②西安新城市贫困空间固化正在形成,空间固贫指数较高街道集中在内城衰退区,城市边缘失地农民聚居区、流动人口聚居区和遗址保护区;③西安新城市贫困空间固化治理要以空间正义思想为指引,在弘扬价值正义、制度正义和政策正义基础上,构建空间正义“起点-过程-结果”三位一体保障体系,确保城市空间生产公平公正。     

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN SEISMIC RESISTANT DESIGN AND RETROFIT: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THEIR POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of materials that have unique properties, including Young's modulus-temperature relations, shape memory effects, superelastic effects, and high damping characteristics. These unique properties, which have led to numerous applications in the biomedical and aerospace industries, are currently being evaluated for applications in the area of seismic resistant design and retrofit. This paper provides a critical review of the state-of-the-art in the use of shape memory alloys for applications in seismic resistant design. The paper reviews the general characteristics of shape memory alloys and highlights the factors affecting their properties. A review of current studies show that the superelastic and high-damping characteristics of SMAs result in applications in bridges and buildings that show significant promise. The barriers to the expanded use of SMAs include the high cost, lack of clear understanding of thermo-mechanical processing, dependency of properties on temperature, and difficulty in machining.     

THE TWILIGHT OF ADVERSARINESS: TRENDS IN CIVIL JUSTICE

The author evaluates changes in the form of civil adjudication that have occurred since the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938. The evidence reveals a. paradoxical situation–the system has become both less and more adversarial. After identifying the causes of these opposing trends, the author concludes that the forces undermining adversariness are more powerful than those supporting the traditional model. Finally, the implications of this retreat from customary procedure are explored.     

城乡结合部的犯罪机会控制与空间综合治理

本文从犯罪机会对城市犯罪的影响机理出发,构建了犯罪机会的三角模型,并借此对城乡结合部犯罪机会的来源、构成及其组合状态的展开理性分析。进一步地,文章提出要建立"控制犯罪机会"的理念,梳理城乡结合部犯罪机会控制与犯罪防控的基本思路,强调把防控策略的构建与城乡结合部的空间综合治理措施相结合,通过"可防御空间"的营造,促进城乡结合部摆脱"城市犯罪高发区"阴霾笼罩,使其进入到全面建设、和谐发展的有序轨道上来。