清代徽州土地与商业投资回报率的比较

清代徽州购买水田(绝卖)的年度投资回报率仅为6.67%,而所举五个一般商业投资实例的年度投资回报率则在9—18%之间。这是因为,购买土地是对剩余生活资金所作的一种保本、保值式投资,与以赢利为目的的一般商业投资性质不同。交租式与交地式土地典当的年利率,则分别为25.73%和23.49%。这是一种特殊而不稳定的投资方式。受当方只获得抵押权,而未获得产权。其受当田地,要么被赎回,要么演变为绝卖。     

饭店人力资源配置中的实习生现象研究

当前饭店业在人力资源配置过程中存在大量使月实习生这一普遍现象。本就这种现象对饭店经营的利弊进行了客观的分析,在饭店人才培养与饭店人力资源配置有效结合方面提出了全新思路。     

土尔扈特蒙古西迁后的经济状况及其对东归的影响

土尔扈特蒙古西迁至伏尔加河流域后,其经济状况可以概括为:传统游牧经济由盛而衰;以互通有无为基础的对俄贸易往来不断;为俄国军事战役出兵助战获得战利品和报酬成为特殊的收入来源;突袭其他民族和控制贸易路线是增加财富的渠道之一;捕鱼成为相当一部分生活贫困的土尔扈特人赖以维持生计的重要方式。作者认为经济状况恶化是促使土尔扈特蒙古东归的原因之一。     

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Local Land Use Allocation Decisions

This paper presents standard microeconomic models that are designed to be used in the cost-benefit analysis of local land use decisions. The models connect these allocation decisions to outcomes in the urban land and labor markets so that costs and benefits can be measured. Benefits to the local jurisdiction of allocating land to industrial use exist if unemployed workers are employed, land values increase, or local tax revenues increase beyond the amount needed to provide the additional public services required.     

论国民党改组派领导的工农运动

改组派是第一次国共合作时期国民党左派的延续.在南京政府实施压制左翼思想与民众运动政策时,改组派提出恢复国民党的民众运动,并帮助工人发动罢工,帮助农民抗租抗税,曾改善过一些工农的境遇,扩大了国民党的群众基础.但改组派反对阶级斗争,无意改变社会结构,无视工农作为"阶级"在国家战争动员与经济建设中的根本意义.其工农运动只体现为一些软弱的社会政策,而非一种民族民主政治,这是改组派与国共合作时期工农运动的根本区别.     

A Storm of Changes Sweep over Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen Led by the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

From the opening traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,a major restriction on transportation to and from Tibet was finally removed. Such a change has had a massive impact on the economy of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) as a whole and,in particular,on the rural Tibetans.In other words,the railway became a leading force in the re- structure and advancement of the Tibetan economy.     

A Storm of Changes Sweep over Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen Led by the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

From the opening traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,a major restriction on transportation to and from Tibet was finally removed. Such a change has had a massive impact on the economy of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) as a whole and,in particular,on the rural Tibetans.In other words,the railway became a leading force in the re- structure and advancement of the Tibetan economy.     

Like Moses Who Led His People to the Promised Land: Nation‐ and State‐Building in Bougainville

This article focuses on indigenous religious beliefs and practices in relation to nationalism and state‐building in conflict and post‐conflict Bougainville. Since the early seventies, people of the island of Bougainville have sought to secede from Papua New Guinea and constitute a separate sovereign state. The almost ten year long secessionist struggle between the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) and the PNG Defence Force (PNGDF) that eventuated in 1988, destroyed nearly all infrastructure, socio‐economic services, and the functions of the PNG state on the island. At the same time, the crisis also brought about the establishment of new local governments, such as ‘The Bougainville Interim Government’, as well as a new Nation: the Independent Republic, later called the Kingdom of Me'ekamui, ruled by BRA leader Francis Ona. This article explores the creation of the Me'ekamui Nation and analyses the religious underpinnings of nation‐ and state‐building in Bougainville, focusing on the performances and normative frameworks used in the endeavor to become a sovereign state.