Tibetans Dwelling in Beijing： Faith Defuses the Misunderstanding of Ethnic Tibetans——Sonam Wangmo - I believe it was I but friends say different

Comparing Beijing and the Tibet Autonomous Region; one is the capital of China, but the other is the snowcapped plateau. Though they are far apart in distance （thanks to the countless mountains and rivers） they are also very close - only one day to reach each other. Years ago, the song ＂At the gold mountain of Beijing＂ sung by Tseten Drama, the famous Tibetan singer, in praise of the political and cultural center. Today, tens of thousands of Tibetans have formed one inseparable part of the many groups in Beijing embracing multiple cultures.     

Onstage Rumor,Offstage Voices： The Politics of the Present in the Contemporary Opera of Li Yu

Much scholarly work on the literary culture of the early Qing dynasty has focused on notions of memory, trauma, and nostalgia. In contrast, this essay investigates the ＂contemporary operas＂ （shishi xiqu） of the seventeenth-century Suzhou playwright Li Yu to argue for the importance of the notion of＂the present day.＂ How is this notion of the present day given dramatic form in Li Yu＇s operas and what implications does this interest in the contemporary have for the broader cultural scene of the early Qing dynasty？ This paper will answer these questions by investigating one dramatic technique favored by Li Yu： the inclusion of snippets of rumor and ＂news＂ reports into the play. By including such contemporary media reports, Li Yu not only generates a constantly evolving sense of the present, he also projects this sense of immediacy beyond the fiction of the stage into the ＂reality＂ of the audience, creating a form of opera eminently suited for both reflecting and producing local Suzhou activism, as evidenced in Li Yu＇s most famous work, Qing zhong pu （Registers of the pure and loyal）, a work chronicling the popular Suzhou protests of the mid-1620s and Wanli yuan （Reunion over ten thousand miles）, which stages the dissolution and reintegration of family and empire right after the fall of the Ming.     

Odd Numbers with Good Luck in Tibet

Tibetan people adore odd numbers as lucky ones, in particular, the numbers of "3", "9" and "13"."3"-the odd number with good luckThe Tibetan ethnic group has long paid much attention to the auspicious date for a marriage if the ceremony and subsequent married life are to have a chance of going well.The dates of making the match with the girl's family, the bride's setting out for her new home and the ceremony itself are all decided by Buddhist experts through     

Source of the Properties of Foods and Medicines

In Tibetan medicine, all food and medicinal plants have their origin in the four elements （earth, water, fire, air and space）. They are therefore classified according to certain characteristics, associated with a particular element. Classification of based upon these characteristics, which can range from intrinsic properties, such as moisture, to the taste of a given food or plant. To classify by element, the nature ofagiven plant is also analyzed according to its initial ＂seed＂： its initial ＂constitutive elements＂. It is important to remember the distinction between the two uses of the term element. As a tool for classification, the constitutive elements are the lowest common denominators into which a substance can be divided, basically, its essential element. They show the original preponderance of one element-such as water-over another, and determine the final classification of a whole plant as belonging to one or another element.     

Tibet： A Tibetan Chinese View

Global opinion on and perception of Tibetan attitudes and affairs have been heavily shaped by one group of Tibetans, namely the Dalai Lama and his fellow exiles. They have done so on the claim that they speak for all sixplus million Tibetans, overseas as well as in China. On this claim they also seek autonomy of a so-called Greater Tibet from Beijing, which is the latest demand in their talks with Beijing. The adeptness with which the exiles use the English language and western political vocabulary, in particular, has greatly facilitated their presentation of those myths for the westem audience.     

A Brier Introduction to Titetan Masks

The art of Tibetan masks forms an essential element of traditional Tibetan culture. The masks are famous for their unique style, diversity of shapes and characteristically simple, unsophisticated and primeval beauty. Tibetan masks are therefore an important area for research. This article intends to give a brief introduction to the masks in order to offer readers a basic overview of this art.     

NEWS IN BRIEF

Small Hydraulic Power Station Under Construction Thus far,a total of 72 small hydraufic power stations are being built with a view to making it possible for all villages to have access to power.They involve a total investment of 438 million Yuan and will have a combined generating capacity of 15,080kw,enough for consumption by 141.698 people in 452 villages.Construction of these power stations began in 2003.Thus far,32 have been completed and all of the rest will be completed in July.     

A Brief Analysis of Discrimination in Language Classroom——from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics

It is widely acknowledged that sociolinguistics is the study of language in certain context concerned with our society.Sociolinguistics and linguistics are intrinsically related to each other,but there has been difference as well.Linguistics research deals with language system itself,which belongs to the micro level on the one hand;many phenomena reflect discrimination in language classroom,these discrimination are caused by social factors to a certain degree.This paper makes a brief analysis of discrimination in language classroom from the perspective of sociolinguistics,which deals with many issues such as depiction of language discrimination、analysis of phenomenon and accordinglysolved measures.     

水污染调查报告（英文）

While the world is shocked by China＇s rapid economic growth, the hidden price China had to pay for rushing forward has gradually shown the tip of the iceberg. Since Beijing＇s air pollution became a heated topic on internet, people have realized the problem involved with air pollution and have started to take precaution by downloading applications that monitor the city＇s air quality, staying inside when the degree of contamination is high and wearing masks if necessary. What about water？ Can a country have clean water when its air is severely polluted？ If the water is polluted, how serious is the pollution？ What are some possible ways to mitigate water pollution that is so crucial to the surviving of human being？     

Who Said, “Confucius Composed the Chunqiu”? ——The Genealogy of the “Chunqiu” Canon in the Pre-Han and Han Periods

It is often said that “Confucius composed the Chunqiu 春秋 (The Spring and Autumn Annals) to convey the way of the king.” Scholars have long noticed that before the founding of and during the Han Dynasty the phrase that served as the title of the allegedly Confucian work, “Chunqiu,” was also often used to designate history in general. In what intellectual and textual contexts did the term evolve from something general into a specific concept associated with Confucius? What works or ideas did pre-Han and Han scholars have in mind when discussing Confucius’s Chunqiu and the broader “Chunqiu” canon?1 Exploring these questions, the study that follows begins by systematically documenting the occurrences of this term in pre-Han and Han texts. It demonstrates that while Mencius was the first person to associate Confucius’s teachings with the Chunqiu, his statement was a solitary and surprising voice in the pre-Han era. Not until the Western Han Dynasty was Confucius widely heralded as the creator of the Chunqiu. But few scholars are aware that Western Han scholars never strictly distinguished the laconic Chunqiu from the detailed historical knowledge preserved in the Gongyang 公羊, Guliang 谷梁, and Zuo 左 commentaries. Furthermore, as the Chunqiu gained canonical status, the phrase still served as a generic term, referring to various historical narratives. Zhang Xuecheng 章学诚 is famous for claiming that “The Six Classics are all history,” and I shall show that in the minds of the people of the Han Dynasty, all historical works were classics.     

The silk in Worm History,and JOHN E. HILL,Through the Jade Gate to Rome. A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dinasty 1^st to 2^nd Centurtes CE （Juan Pablo Sanchez Hemandez）

The Roman Empire and Han China are represented as the ＂twin powers＂ which reached their peak of extension and prosperity more or less at the same time. In fact, studies have recently noticed the numerous similarities between these two mighty empires at the opposite ends of Eurasia in their political, administrative and cultural circumstances and they have invited a comparative approach in modem scholarship~. However, at that time, distances were too great to permit these kinds of comparisons, and an incomplete （if not archetypical） view prevails in all Ancient writings, whenever they deal with such distant populations in the other half of the world.     

Restituting Church Buildings and Negotiating Church Factions： Missionary Mapmakers and the Making of Local Networks （1712-1716）

At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, most of them French Jesuits first sent to China in 1685 and actively supported by the French crown. Early 18th century Jesuit publications foster a much-heralded claim that these missionary-mapmakers drew on their status of imperial envoys during the surveys to locally advance the position of the Catholic church. This article strives to explore the format/on of such local networks by these missionaries as they passed through the cities and towns of the Chinese provinces. On the basis of archival material, details emerge of contacts with local Qing administrators and Chinese Christians, and of attempts to purchase and recover local churches. This is then discussed against the background of the Rites Controversy, in an attempt to evaluate how such local networks relate to the rivalry between missionaries of different orders. The article emphasizes that there was （and perhaps is） no such thing as ＂pure science＂ by underscoring that important technical achievements such as the Qing mapping project are often shaped by complex networks and historical contingencies.     

Restoration of a calligraphy work by Yang Jisheng北大核心

While traditional techniques are still used for the restoration of calligraphy and painting works, modern analytical technologies can also be included to achieve cultural relic restoration effects by following the relevant principles. This paper takes the restoration of a calligraphy work by Yang Jisheng in the collection of Fengxian Museum as a case to show how the combination of modern analytical technologies and traditional restoration techniques—by selecting suitable materials for restoration and conservation through the analysis of disease types, paper materials and mounting characteristics of the work—can achieve the best restoration effect. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

Chinese Socialism as Vernacular Cosmopolitanism

This paper follows the life of an idea, a fundamental concept in modern Chinese intellectual life： socialism. It explores this idea as an alternative form of Chinese cosmopolitanism, drawing from Pheng Cheah＇s identification of two kinds of Chinese cosmopolitanism： mercantile and revolutionary. If part of what we mean by cosmopolitanism is the local use of an external, or international, or otherwise ＂independent＂ （relative to local power and practice） ideology or discourse to promote an agent＇s sense of social good at home and connection to the world, then the ways that socialist thought, ideology and praxis have been employed in China in the twentieth century constitute one such strain of cosmopolitanism. Shehuizhuyi （socialism） meant related but significantly different things to Chinese in the twentieth century. This essay argues that Chinese socialism can be viewed as a version of vernacular cosmopolitanism through two examples： Wang Shiwei in the 1940s and Deng Tuo in the 1960s, as well as the discourse of Pan-Asianism before and after the Mao era. Chinese socialism was as much a terrain of debate and contestation about what it means to be ＂Chinese and modern＂ as it was a shared vocabulary and set of aspirations. All along it has been able to play the role of cosmopolitan thought for some influential Chinese thinkers and doers--connecting China to the world in order to pursue universal values.     

Power of Religion In Rural Areas and Its Public Service(Ⅰ)——An Analysis of Cases in Five Villages

In the study of socio-economic development in Tibet, one tends to stress the role of non-economic elements, especially the role of humans and social background.Of these, the role of religious culture isregarded as the most important. How-ever, there are basically two approach-es to the issue: First of all, althoughreligion exerts a varied role on econom-ic growth, legal construction, public wel-fare and ethics, one tends to each only ageneral judgment. Secondly, study of therole played by rel…     

山西夏县东阴遗址调查试掘报告

Dongyin site of the Upper Erligang period(early Shang),locates at Dongyin village,about 7.5km south to Xiaxian town. For understanding the content and the nature of this site,especially for rescue purpose,we did a surveying and an excavation of 170m^2 in Feb: 2000. Despite of various potteries and stones,a large of raw bone of the Upper Erligang period were found. These materials are important for our research on the procedure of bone artifact making and the nature of the site. The result of surveying of several time and one excavation of this site are reported in this paper.     

丹巴古碉建筑文化综览(英文)

The upper reaches of the Three Rivers of western Sichuan~1 is one of the areas which boast ancient Tibetan and Qiang pillboxes. Danba county~2 was and is well known for the architectural culture of ancient pillboxes. The county was hence famed as "the country of a thousand pillboxes." According to the documents I have in hand and the fieldwork I made in the area, the pillboxes of Danba county are the most numerous, widest in distribution, most complete in function and type, and the clearest and longest in historical development among all counties. Danba is the most suitable place for studying ancient pillboxes and also for solving the mystery of the architectural culture of ancient pillboxes in the area of the Three Rivers.     

China's Tibet Readers and Friends Are Welcome to Visit Tibet

Many of our readers have been reading our magazine for years. But very few of them have been to Tibet.The landscape is number one in the world. It is highlighted by the Tibetan culture is unique.However, this is what is described in written language.What is Tibet really like? Is Tibet a region just as described by China's Tibet?We sincerely invite our readers and friends to visit in order to see Tibet with their own eyes and talk to our editors.