由东西方姓名看其文化之异同

姓名是社会文化的反映,本文主要以中、俄、英、美四国为例,对东西方姓名文化的不同点,主要从姓与名产生的时间先后,姓与名的排列顺序及姓名的文化色彩三方面进行了比较。通过对东西方姓名文化的异同点进行分析、比较,回顾姓名的发展演变史,旨在了解影响东西方人命名的社会文化因素,从而加深对东西方各民族的融合、交流与合作。     

达斡尔族姓氏与满汉文化

姓名,作为语言中的一种特殊的专名词语是人类的代号,其作用之一乃是标志社会结构中一种血缘关系的符号。它从人类早期生存的原始部落中产生到今天,经历了一个复杂的历史发展过程,个中凝聚了十分丰富的人文内涵。姓名的发展演变其实从一个侧面折射了文化发展的历程及其演变的时代轨迹。因此,姓名不仅仅是一种语言现象,透过其表层形态即特指性与符号性等特点来观察和透视其深层内涵,它实质上又是一种文化现象。姓名与文化的关系表现在二者共生共变,互相影响和制约,以及姓名作为文化的载体和镜像来传承和折射文化等方面。正是由于姓名…     

古希腊人与先秦华夏人异族观念之异同

古希腊人与先秦华夏人均将自身之外的人视为"他者"。在两者对自我与他者的区分中,血缘、文化、政治相互联系,发挥着各自的影响,但三者在古代希腊和中国先秦的具体作用不同。古希腊人重视自身与蛮族的文化差异,也未忽视双方血缘的不同,而政治则影响着血缘、文化因素;而先秦华夏人则主要以文化而非血缘区别自身与夷狄,同时政治亦发挥着其影响。上述差异应与希腊、华夏的内外关系及三因素的特性有关。两种不同的族群观念,对两国历史有深远影响。     

论楚汉帛画的功能与主题

帛画是楚汉时期楚文化流行地区及受楚文化影响较大地区丧葬礼仪过程中使用的一种画幡,文献中未见有对其名称的明确记载,马王堆汉墓遣策中所称的非衣只是帛画在特定历史环境下的称谓。楚地帛画与中原地区的铭旌从图像形式上来说是源于各自文化系统所固有的信仰意识,由于两地在不同时期死亡观念的不同,因此帛画在丧葬礼仪中所起的功能也不相同,帛画的主题在不同阶段也有不同的内容表达方式。     

学校组织文化及其培育

学校组织文化对学校教育管理和教学质量的提高有重要意义。其特性及功能的发挥要求在培育的过程中,必须坚持质量文化第一和共性与个性、继承与创新、封闭性与开放性相统一的原则,并从更新观念、重塑心理机制、立足物质文化建设、发扬学校的优秀文化传统和学校领导作用等方面进行实践。     

中非传统法律文化集团本位比较研究

中非传统法律文化是在各自环境中独立生成的,却呈现出集团本位的共同倾向,在法律观念和法律实践中,都压制个体意志和利益,强调社会和谐。两者在集团本位上各有特色,与中国传统社会相比,传统非洲不存在成文法和国家本位,祖先崇拜及富宗教性。然而,无论中国还是非洲,在现代法治进程中都不能脱离和忽视传统法律文化,应积极汲取自身有益的历史资源。     

生与爱——维吾尔族姓名文化的审美追求

维吾尔族民俗审美在人的姓名中也有较为鲜明和具体的表现。可以说,这种人名的出现、发展和变化过程正是人类审美需求、审美理想、审美标准发展、演变的过程。尤其是它与审美中的生命意义、形式和内容的美有着一致性的关系。文章主要探讨维吾尔族姓名民俗中所显现出的本民族对生命的解释和生与爱之辩证关系的观念。     

中西古代史学:历史编纂理论与方法的比较

中国传统史学源远流长,是与西方传统史学不同的另一种更高的发展形态。中西史学在其形成和发展阶段(即中国为先秦、秦汉时期和西方的古典古代)由于各自所处的社会历史条件不同和文化背景的差异,显示出各自的特征。但也应该看到,中、西的古代史学也有其共性。需要指出的是,在分析中西史学的异同时,不能唯西方史学家的历史观念是从(事实上,西方史学家的历史观念也并非是一致的,也是众说纷纭,莫衷一是),照搬西方的     

两岸“三公庙”和“三王庙”由来

中国的庙宇文化历史悠久,又是东方世界独特的传统文化。但中国各地的庙宇,无论其形制、供奉的神祗及文化的内涵,又有各自不同特色。在海峡两岸众多庙宇中,除了具有中华民族的共性外,还有一些闽台两地所特有并共同供奉的庙宇,如三公庙和三王庙。它们是具有强烈爱国精神和困家民族气节的庙宇,每年的庙会文化活动,更是印证着海峡两岸同胞共同的爱国情结与人文精神。     

试论保安族腰刀文化

我国自古就是一个制刀业发达的国家,许多少数民族也都有随身佩带刀具的习俗。本文以保安族为例,从保安腰刀的纹饰和种类入手,探究保安族腰刀文化,并与其他少数民族进行比较,凸显各自特点及内在联系,由此分析隐藏在其背后的深层文化内涵。     

利玛窦与中西文化交流

利玛窦拉开了中西文化双向交流的序幕,他与之后来华的西方传教士汤若望、南怀仁等,在中国传播西方文化的同时,也积极把中国文化传播到西方,由此西方的思想、文化、科技,诸如语言学、地理学、数学、天文学、美术等传入中国,而以儒学为代表的中华文化也流入欧洲。这一段中西文化在平等地位上交流的历史,倘从世界史范围内加以考察,将因其辉煌而深远的影响,让我们寻回文化的自信和增强我们的文化自觉。     

In the name of God: translation and transformation of Chinese culture,foreign religion,and the reproduction of “Tianzhu” and “Shangdi”

Translation between one language and culture into another assumes that a fundamental set of commonalities exist between the two cultural and linguistic contexts. In the case of the Christian Bible, Chinese translations not only involved translating words into Chinese, but also adapting and transforming an exotic Western religion for local sensibilities in such a way that Christianity might be recognized as a legitimate system of thought within a Chinese cultural milieu. Focusing on the perspective of different Chinese translations of the name of the Christian God, this article examines the history of the debate regarding the issue of translation, and the approaches adopted by the Catholic and Protestant faiths. It examines the reclamation and evolution of traditional Chinese vocabulary into new terminology through the application of Western religious concepts, and the ways in which indigenous Chinese society accepted these concepts, with an eye towards examining the course of historical progress through the history of social adoption of these ideas.     

Charting the development of social and cultural geography in Mainland China: voices from the inside*

This article provides an overview of the recent development of social and cultural geography in China. It discusses six major bodies of work: cultural areas, cultural diffusion and cultural integration; geographies of ethnic cultures; cultural landscape and cultural economy; place and place-based cultural politics; marginal social groups; and geographies of social injustice. Although social and cultural geography is still located on the periphery of the disciplinary landscape of Chinese human geography, it is nonetheless developing into a noteworthy field of research. We start this review by calling attention to some problems in epistemologies and analytical approaches. Social and cultural geography in China often suffers from an analytical separation between environment and culture as ontologically enclosed entities. Also, it pays insufficient attention to the mutually constitutive relations between the social and the spatial. However, more recent studies have begun to engage with constructionist/poststructuralist approaches, and develop less positivist interpretations of space, social relations and cultural meanings. This review suggests that social and cultural geography in China needs to develop broader research scopes and strengthen theoretical frameworks. It concludes by calling for constructive dialogues between Chinese and Western human geographical scholarships.     

近代旅美华侨华人与中美文化的双向交流

鸦片战争强制性地拉开了中西文化交流的序幕。1848年以后,随着北美至中国航线的开通,一部分居住在珠江三角洲的广东人在多种原因的驱使下,远渡重洋来到北美。在美国西部形成了一个又一个的华侨华人社区,使中国的古老文明渐次播散到美国西部各州。随着北美华侨华人的不断扩展,不同类型的华侨华人在不同的领域里(商业、建筑、科技教育、宗教伦理、风俗习惯等许多文化领域里)对中华传统文化进行了被动和主动传播。被动的传播形成了美国多元文化的文化飞地,主动的传播使中国传统文化在美国文化的大熔炉里形成了一种鲜明的、交叉式的边缘文化。文化的传播是一个双向互动的过程。随着大批旅美华侨华人陆续返回故乡,他们也把西方文明带回侨乡。它们与本土文化发生碰撞、冲突、融合,从而在珠江三角洲一带的侨乡形成了新鲜的、西方式的边缘文化。     

西方考古学文化概念的演变

文化概念在西方考古学一个多世纪的发展历史,经历了一个从无副有．再到被扬弃的变化过程。在当代西方考古学中,“文化”已经不再是一个很重要的词汇。“风格”（style）,“认同”（identity）。“族群”（ethnicity）等概念成为西方考古学者分析考古材料区域特征的主要术语。这些术语被用来探讨物质文化所反映的区域差异和社会界限。与欧美考古学相比,中国考古学界虽然有关于文化因素分析的探讨,对文化概念本身基本上没有太多的争论,并完全错过了西方考古学过去三十年来有关风格的大讨论。西方考古学界对文化概念的扬弃过程值得中国考古界深思。     

“正当的历史观”:论李济的考古学研究与民族主义

张光直曾指出,李济的考古学研究在以下几个方面产生了"特别深远的影响":坚持使用第一手科学取得的经验材料、主张考古遗物的分类应以可定量的有形的东西为基础、从文化人类学的观点出发对考古资料作解释、不把对中国问题研究的视野局限于中     

从文化殖民的视角重读新加坡海峡华人的失根与寻根

论文从文化殖民的视角分析了新加坡海峡华人的失根、寻根与保根的文化现象,并对海峡华人知识分子掀起的以传统文化为基础的现代化改革运动进行了回顾和解读。这一段从"西化"至"再华化"、从"文化殖民"至"去文化殖民"的经历,跟新加坡独立后的西化发展,以及20、21世纪之交的华族语言文化复兴运动有许多相似之处。海峡华人知识分子复兴传统的努力自有其积极意义。他们致力推广华语和复兴儒学之举,例如提倡女权女学思想、创建女校,其贡献是深远的。     

Kang Youwei and Confucianism in Canada and beyond, 1899–1911

ABSTRACT

Based on the new discovery of two of Kang Youwei’s writings composed in Canada in 1899, this article expands the historical research concerning his Confucian religious thoughts and movement within the Canadian context and the period of his overseas exile in 1899–1911. The article first focuses on Kang’s continual pursuit of Confucian religious cosmopolitism from China to Canada, especially his efforts to disseminate Confucianism overseas and to develop a new utopian vision that called for the removal of religious boundaries among human beings worldwide. Its second focus is on Kang’s use of Canada as both a starting point and a turning point in his search for the Confucian State Religion. He consequently sought to develop a conservative nationalism from traditional Chinese culture and through a utilitarian adoption of Christian institutions and Western cultures. The analysis of both Kang’s pursuit of Confucian religious cosmopolitism and his search for the Confucian State Religion reveals their positive and negative impacts on his reformist movement that affected Canadian Chinatowns and on the broader Chinese diaspora from 1899–1911. Kang’s promotion of Confucianism in Canadian Chinatowns and the Chinese diaspora in addition had implications for the failure of his religious movement in the early Republican Period.     

4. IS THERE A CHINESE MODE OF HISTORICAL THINKING? A CROSS‐CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Taking Chun‐chieh Huang's ruminations on the defining character of Chinese historical thinking as a starting point, this essay discusses the ways in which historical cultures and traditions are compared and contrasted and explores some new ways of thinking. It argues that cultural comparisons often constitute two‐way traffic (one begins to examine itself after encountering the other) and that attempts to characterize one historical culture, such as that of China, are often made relationally and temporally. When the Chinese tradition of historiography is perceived and presented in the West, it has been regarded more or less as a counterexample against which the “unique” traits of Western historical thinking are thrown into relief. Given the hegemonic influence of Western scholarship in modern times, latter‐day Chinese historians also valorize the East—West dichotomy. A closer look at this dichotomy, or the characterization of both cultures, reveals that it is not only relative but also relational and temporal. When the modern Chinese appeared impressed by the rigor of Rankean critical historiography, for example, they were essentially attempting to rediscover their own cultural past, for example, the eighteenth‐century tradition of evidential learning, in adapting to the changing world. Our task today, the essay contends, is to historicize the specific context within which cultural comparisons are made and to go beyond readily accepted characterizations in order to reassess certain elements in a given culture, to apply historical wisdom, and to cope with the challenges we now face.     

济南大辛庄商代遗址的性质问题

济南大辛庄遗址是一座自商代前期后段至商代后期的大型文化遗址。该遗址包含典型的商文化和传统的岳石文化两种因素。自商代早期后段商夷联盟解体后,大辛庄一带始终是商族和东夷族政治、军事活动频繁,文化相互渗透和影响深刻的重要地带。大辛庄一带极有可能为商朝经略东方地区的重要军事基地。