清代“实事求是”学风的复兴与沉寂

清代中叶,汉学兴盛,汉学家每以"实事求是"标榜其治学鹄的."实事求是"与乾嘉汉学的相关度,是理解汉学家学术思想的关节问题.道成同光之际,学风丕变,汉学式微,今文经学复兴,在乾嘉学界激荡的"实事求是"学风也随之陷于沉寂.今文学家对"实事求是"的新诠释中又透露出别样的学术讯息.考察"实事求是"学风在清代学界的复兴与沉寂,梳理其中所折射出的时代学术意义,有助于深入地认识清代学术.     

江村治树及其汉学研究

日本汉学一直是国际汉学研究的重镇之一,其起步之早,研究范围之广,成就之高,一直为学术界公认。日本当代著名汉学家、古文字学家、古钱币学家江村治树专致于秦汉古代史研究,学术态度严谨,学术方法多样化,学术成果丰富,本文从江村治树的生平、著作、治学方法的角度出发,试图对其汉学研究做一个较为完整的介绍和分析。     

“把汉学中心夺回中国”——20世纪20年代中国现代文史之学的形成历程

20世纪20年代初,中国学人逐渐形成了努力发展现代文史研究以与西方汉学竞胜的学术共识。受此信念驱动,胡适、陈垣、陈寅恪等人,在批判继承乾嘉汉学遗产基础上,借鉴西方汉学将文史研究与现代考古学、语言学结合的治学路径,努力打破陈旧观念,发展出可与西方汉学界竞胜的现代文史研究形态——新汉学,并试图将北大国学门、清华国学院打造成新汉学的中心。虽然这一努力遭受挫折,但其理念及积淀的经验与学术人才,对此后中国现代文史研究的发展产生了重要影响。傅斯年领导的史语所正是承接了前一时期新汉学发展的经验与人才,并将与西方汉学竞胜以争取国家荣耀的理念意识形态化,才迅速蓬勃发展成为中国文史研究的领导机构,并最终完成了中国文史研究的现代转化。     

学力、师友与门径——评江藩《国朝汉学师承记》主要特色

有清一代,尤其清代中叶,汉学发展如日中天,江藩作为干嘉时期著名的汉学家,亲授业于干嘉诸儒,并与其中代表人物有相当之往来,其所撰写的《国朝汉学师承记》,有针对性地对清代学术(汉学)作了第一次系统的梳理,影响深远。本文不就具体的"门户之争"、学术史写法等学术界争论的焦点发表看法,只就读书所得,就《汉学师承记》所体现的治学精神、师友之道与对当今学者为学与为人的启发三个层面展开论述,以获得一种对该书乃至清代学术新的观察视角。     

第二届“日本汉学”国际学术研讨会纪要

第二届日本汉学国际学术研讨会於2003年11月7日、8日两天在台湾大学举行,由台湾大学日本语文学系主办。延续第一届日本汉学国际学术研讨会(由台湾大学中国文学系、清华大学中国文学系、汉学研究中心主办)的宗旨,本次会议主题依然以日本汉学．汉文学为主。来自日本的与会学者有兴膳宏(京都博物馆馆长)、川合康三(京都大学)、後藤昭雄(大阪大学)、     

论章学诚的学术思想倾向

从学术思想、学术理路和学术实践来看 ,章学诚不仅与当时学术界占统治地位的乾嘉汉学大异其趣 ,而且对乾嘉学派所反对的“宋学”表示了某种程度的认同 ,具有一定程度的“宋学”倾向。章学诚虽然对“汉学”与“宋学”的流弊都有所批评 ,但他对“汉学”与“宋学”并非采取不偏不倚的态度 ,而是在二者之间有所轩轾 ,其思想取向基本上是崇“宋学”而薄“汉学”。     

惠栋与卢见曾幕府研究

惠栋为清代汉学的开派宗师,他晚年曾于卢见曾幕府中主持编校刊刻《雅雨堂丛书》,撰写自己的学术专著《周易述》。惠栋既与志同道合的沈大成等人探讨学术,又十分关心经学后俊的成长,如戴震、王昶等,日后乾嘉时期学术大家直接受到了他的影响。可以说作幕于卢见曾幕府时期,是惠栋传播其汉学思想的重要时期。卢见曾幕府为其提供了较为安定的从事学术研究的场所,而惠栋的汉学思想对于卢见曾认可理解清代汉学亦有深刻浸润,卢见曾幕府是惠栋播扬汉学的助推器。     

凌廷堪考据学发微

凌廷堪为乾嘉中后期一位颇有影响的考据学家。本对其学术宗旨和治学成就进行总结和阐述,这对于研究乾嘉考据学尤其是中后期的学术走向和特征都具有重要意义。凌廷堪在治学宗旨上主张事必求是,重在由典章制度以通其道,既专精于礼学又博涉旁通。在义理之学上继承戴震由考据以通义理的治经宗旨,并在发展戴震理学的基础上,提出以“礼”代“理”说。     

新史学和新汉学:中国现代史学的两种形态及其起伏

中国现代史学是同时循着两条几乎完全不同的路线一步步产生出来的.从乾嘉汉学逐步演化而来的化经为史的过程,是其中的路线之一;生发于"西洋史学"、对中国学术传统而言意味着炉灶重起的过程,则是其中的另一条路线.前者是所谓的"新汉学",后者是所谓的"新史学"."新史学"是指向历史本体的,"新汉学"则从一开始就是着眼于历史记录的.这两条路径起初各有轨辙,齐头并进,但由于"新汉学"凭借深厚,一段时间内压倒了"新史学";而"新史学"因为符合社会历史潮流、国际学术潮流,又后来居上,再立潮头."新史学"中经"唯物史观派史学",如今已经开花结果为"中国社会经济史研究";"新汉学"最富有象征性的学术遗产,事实上已经归并到当今的"古籍整理"和"史料学"学科中来了."新汉学"所主要致力的"文本考据"工作,已变为现代学术构成中的一个部分,治学过程中的一个初始环节;在"文本考据"之外和之后,实际上还存在一个更大的学问世界.     

第二届“日本汉学”国际学术研讨会纪要

第二届日本汉学国际学术研讨会於2003年11月7日、8日两天在台湾大学举行,由台湾大学日本语文学系主办。延续第一届日本汉学国际学术研讨会(由台湾大学中国文学系、清华大学中国文学系、汉学研究中心主办)的宗旨,本次会议主题依然以日本汉学、汉文学为主。来自日本的与会学者有兴膳宏(京都博物馆馆长)、川合康三(京都大学)、後藤昭雄(大阪大学)、蔡毅(南山大学)、中见嶋隆藏（东北大学)诸位教授;傅佛果教授(Prof.Joshua Fogel,加州圣塔芭芭拉分校)及麦立伦教授(JamesMcMullen,牛津大学)分别来自美国与英国;来自中国的与会学者有孟昭毅(天…     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.