高山之上流水村

新疆听说很远,和田听说不近。有时候,旅行不在目的地,而在旅行过程中的奇遇与艳遇。造访流水村,叫我有了想住下来甚至想落难时逃避此地的冲动。选择和田需要决心,更需要充足的时间和单纯的心境。奔玉而来非但短浅,而且失去玉缘。昆仑山、塔克拉玛干大沙漠,胡杨、核桃王、无花果王、梧桐王,玉石、地毯、丝绸,维药、大芸、阿胶,皮亚曼石榴、安迪尔甜瓜、和田玉枣,沙漠玫瑰精油、阿布丹麻糖、和田果酱,烤全羊、抓饭、拌面,道教、佛教、伊斯兰教遗迹,这一切构成鲜明的和田元素。和田的火车通了,北京的飞机直航和田了,北京人、天津人、安徽人都来援建和田了。和田真的很亲,和田真的很美,和田真的值得一看。天堂很远,和田很近。     

清朝官府“临时工”的灰色收入

清朝县衙衙役、差役,如皂隶、快手、民壮、门丁、随从、禁卒、刽子手、轿夫、库丁、铺兵、仵作、盐差、粮差、稳婆、官媒等,是典型的“临时工”,他们人数众多,无正式编制,工资很低,每年不过3—4两银子,只够三口之家一个月的伙食费,光靠这点钱,一家人是要上山吃草的,但他们自有生财之道,小日子过得十分滋润。     

重绘南都繁会 再现金陵神韵——关于门东门西历史文化保护与复兴之我见

<正>源远流长话文脉署名明代仇英的《南都繁会景物图卷》,展现的是600年前永乐年间,秦淮河上巳节的热闹景象。画中街市纵横,店铺林立,行人摩肩接踵,广告林林总总。两岸城门、寺庙、官衙、民居、戏台、牌坊、水榭,层叠毗连;金店、银店、药店、茶庄、浴室,鸡行、鸭行、猪行、羊行、粮行、油行、谷行,应有尽有,109家店肆、1000多个不同职业身份的人物,栩栩如生……以上全景式的写实画卷,被后世称为南京版的     

新四军在南京江北地区开展抗日游击战争

<正>南京江北地区,指南京长江北岸的浦口、江浦、六合、盱眙、仪征、高邮、宝应等地,以及安徽的天长、滁县、来安、嘉山、定远、全椒、含山、和县、无为、巢县等地。此地区,南与南京城隔长江相望,东抵大运河,西达津浦铁路以西,北临淮河与洪泽湖,面积广大,多为平原与丘陵,物产丰饶,津浦铁路从此地区穿过,北达蚌埠、徐州、济南、天津,南接南京、芜湖、镇江、苏州、上海。1937年12月南京等苏南各城市与芜湖、扬州等地相继沦陷后,南京江北地区的战略地位更加重要。新四军在此地区进行的艰苦抗战,对沦陷的南京城形成最直接、最迅速、最猛烈的冲击与影响。     

契丹人的金玉首饰

本文以辽文化圈内墓葬、窖藏所见金、玉首饰为依据,结合传世品,对契丹人的头饰、耳饰、璎珞、项饰、手镯、指环等,作初步的梳理,以展示契丹族富丽而饶具风情的装饰风格。契丹首饰融汇、吸收北方草原民族以及中原汉族文化因素,结合自身的创新,形成了独具特色的妆饰艺术。摩竭耳环、琥珀璎珞、盾面指环为契丹人所特有,且男、女皆可使用。耳饰的凤鸟、飞天造型,手镯表面的花蝶、婴戏及缠枝花装饰题材,与唐、宋艺术一脉相承。步摇、镯端的龙首造型、环面的立体动物装饰,则体现了与北方草原金器传统的关联。唐、宋盛行的插梳习俗、宋代异彩纷呈的簪、钗,在契丹人中并不流行,或很少使用。契丹人喜欢佩戴的指环、璎珞、项链,在唐、宋时期则很少见到,或并不使用。这种差异的形成,应与汉人、契丹人文化传统、生活习性的差异,发式、服装的不同相关。     

巴人汲水

1937年抗日战争爆发,时国民政府西迁,重庆襟江背岭,成为战时首都。随着全国政治、经济和文化中心的转移,许多军政界要人和文学、科学、艺术、教育等诸多领域的名人,如郭沫若、冰心、巴金、老舍、臧克家、马寅初、徐悲鸿、傅抱石、丰子恺等云集沙坪坝区,沙坪坝遂成为著名的文化区,盛极一时,蜚声中外。     

浅谈中国京剧传统人物造型的形式美

京剧表演的行当分为生、旦、净、丑,每个行当又可划分为若干种。与此,京剧传统戏的人物造型,把戏装依据样式的不同划为蟒、靠、褶、帔、衣五大类数十种,其中有的要配髯口、翎子、狐尾,靠旗、盔帽,发髻等,女角色要梳不同的大头、旗头、古装头。在角色分工如此之杂,种类如此之多,样式如此之繁,色彩如此之鲜的情况下,在舞台上却形成了传统戏的整体之美。     

建党伟业中的那些人

1921年7月23日,来自上海的李达、李汉俊,北京的张国焘、刘仁静,长沙的毛泽东、何叔衡,武汉的董必武、陈潭秋,济南的王尽美、邓恩铭,广州的陈公博、包惠僧,日本东京的周佛海,以及列席的共产国际代表马林和尼克尔斯基,在上海法     

3D打印技术与中学数学融合的探究与实践

本文主要从中学数学领域出发,以3D打印技术与中学数学的融合之道,联通虚拟、实体以及学生的内心世界,让学生在点、线、面、体的连接性想象中充分地、自由地发挥,建立一个立体化的思维体系,加深对空间、结构、艺术设计的理解;激发学生学习数学兴趣,培养学生的数学建模思维、创造性思维、逻辑思维、工程思维、计算思维、批判性思维等,有效提升学生推理运算、数据处理、3D空间设计能力以及分析、解决数学问题的能力,增强创新意识。     

满洲里：国际交通线上的红色堡垒

内蒙古自治区的口岸城市满洲里,被誉为连接欧亚的“大陆桥”,在中国同东欧、俄罗斯等国家经济贸易往来中占有十分重要的地位。然而,很少有人知道,这里还曾是中国共产党与共产国际和苏联共产党联系的“红色交通站”。中国共产党建立之后,为加强与共产国际和苏联的联系,开辟了多条通往苏联和共产国际的交通线,其中经哈尔滨和满洲里通往苏联和共产国际的交通线是形成时间较早、持续时间较长、发挥作用较大的一条线。这条交通线被誉为“一座红色的国际桥梁”,中国共产党许多早期领导人出席共产国际会议或被派往苏联学习、工作,大多由满洲里出境。从1920年至1937年,国际交通线存在的18个春秋中,经过这条交通线进出中苏边境的人数无法统计,从各种资料查到的有李大钊、陈独秀、周恩来、瞿秋白、李立三、邓中夏、李维汉、罗章龙、张国焘、王尽美、邓恩铭、柯庆施、刘仁静、王俊、王荷波、王维舟、伍修权、许光达、蔡和森、邓颖超等。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.