浅析维吾尔族日常生活禁忌

本文通过对维吾尔族日常生活中的衣、食、住、行等民间禁忌表现形式的介绍,阐述了维吾尔族民间禁忌对该民族社会生活的作用,客观显现出了该民族文化的特色和存在于该民族文化中阻碍民族发展的某些因素,最终使维吾尔族对自己民族的民间禁忌有正确的认识。     

语言禁忌与汉民族俗信文化心理探赜

禁忌,作为一种化现象,远在人类蒙昧时代就产生了,同其他社会化一样,禁忌也是人类经验和智慧的结晶。禁忌不仅在法律产生前对调节人们的行为起着不可低估的作用,就是直到今天也还影响着人们社会生活领域的许多方面。恩斯特．卡西尔就曾在他的《人论》中说过：“禁忌体系尽管有其一切明显的缺点,但却是人迄今所发现的唯一的社会约束和义务体系。     

边地汉简医方补录

近一百年来大批简帛出土,极大丰富了中国社会早期历史的研究内容,其中出土简帛如《居延汉简》、《敦煌汉简》、《居延新简》、《武威汉代医简》、安徽阜阳汉简《万物》、马王堆帛书、周家台秦简等均有数量不等的早期医学资料发现,其风格迥然,有的是当时医生为士卒治病所开列的药方,有的则为专门抄录以备急用的医方或医书,于当时医药之临床使用、医学理论等情况反映十分详实,为当时实录,对于研究秦汉时期甚至更早的医学发展展状况来说十分宝贵。这里,     

俄藏敦煌写卷《放光般若经》音义考斟

俄藏ф368、дх00585、дх00586A、дх00586Cдх00211、дх00252和дх00255是玄应所释“放光般若经》音义的写卷,据我们比勘,дх00585、дх00586A的第一页中“珠玑居”与ф368“珠玑居衣反说文珠之”的残缺部位正好相合,可见二者原本是联缀在一起的。《玄应音义》的丽藏本所据本与дх00585、дх00586A第二页所据本可能相同,碛砂藏本和丽藏本所据本在传抄中既有误衍误脱等错讹,也有不同程度的增补和删略。碛砂藏本和《慧琳音义》所据本似都有增补,也可能дх00211、дх00252、дх00255和丽藏所据本已有删略或脱漏。由俄藏所载“放光般若经》音义可见佛经音义在敦煌的广泛流传和唐代佛教在敦煌的兴盛。     

敦煌寺院中的“都头”

敦煌寺院中的“都头”田德新敦煌遗书中记载的“都头”大多指世俗政权中的官职。但我们在翻阅遗书过程中却发现：在敦煌寺院中也存在着“都头”一职,这引起了我们的注意。在以往论述敦煌寺院僧官制度的论著中,我们常看到有关都僧统、都僧录、都教授、都僧政、都法律、都...     

敦煌酒文化摭珍

酒文化在我省有着悠久的历史。敦煌莫高窟所出大量古代文书中说明 ,六朝乃至唐宋 ,酒在敦煌社会生活中扮演了十分重要的角色。从官府到民间 ,举凡四时八节、良辰美景、婚嫁吉庆、生辰忌日、送往迎来 ,以至祭祀天地鬼神 ,都离不开酒。敦煌有专门的酿酒作坊 ,有特有的酿酒方法 ,有当地所产的和来自西域、内地乃至国外的各类名酒 ;也有普通的水酒、村醪。有专门的饮酒器具 ,酒肆遍布城乡。由此展现了我省源远流长的酒文化特色。一敦煌文书中保存了诸多的《酒破用历》 ,即支取、饮用酒的酒账。如敦煌研究院所藏的一份《酒破用历》残存前半截 ,记…     

论“敦煌学”一词的词源

自从20世纪40年代以来,中国学术界普遍认为“敦煌学”一词是陈寅恪于1930年在为陈垣《敦煌劫余录》写的序言中首创的,该序中5次出现“敦煌学”一词。本文则认为,“敦煌学”一词应该是日本人首创的。日本敦煌学家石滨纯太郎于1925年在大阪出版发行的《敦煌石室的遗书(怀德堂夏期讲演)》中,15次使用了“敦煌学”一词,并且对国际敦煌学的起源、发展、研究范围、问题、广义敦煌学和狭义敦煌学的区分等做了全面而系统的阐述。本文认为,“敦煌学”一词是明治末年、大正年间日本敦煌学蓬勃发展的产物,是在日本出现“敦煌派”、“敦煌家”、“敦煌党”等一系列词汇的基础上产生的。本文强调,陈寅恪虽然不是世界上第一个使用“敦煌学”一词的人,但应该是在中国第一个使用“敦煌学”一词的人,或者说是第一个将“敦煌学”一词引入中国的人。     

《竹木春秋》征引敦煌汉简商榷

《竹木春秋———甘肃秦汉简牍》作为《陇文化丛书》的分册之一 ,由西北师范大学王震亚先生著 ,甘肃教育出版社 1999年 7月出版 ,全书十八万字。是书重在系统介绍和总结甘肃简牍 ,其功和过自会有人评说。因为其中有一部分属于“敦煌汉简” ,当然也会有人将之列入广义的“敦煌学”。只是由于书中对一些“敦煌汉简”作了不太适当的介绍 ,怕会引起不少人的误会。在此希用贵刊宝地 ,借对有关内容正名之机 ,向王先生求教。一、“敦煌汉简”简介既是谈有关“敦煌汉简”的问题 ,当然就有必要就“敦煌汉简”的发见史作一简单介绍。在此基础之上 ,再…     

敦煌写本P.3081号文书与唐代五月五日禁忌研究

敦煌写本P.3081《七曜日吉凶推法》是敦煌时日宜忌文书中颇具特色的一篇,以七曜日为纲进行占卜,内容切近民众生活,七曜名称皆用康居语音译:蜜日、莫日、云汉日、嘀日、鬱没斯日、那颉日、鸡缓日.文章在对文书进行录文的基础上,将其与P.2693《七曜历日》以及印度的《宿曜经》进行对比研究,并且结合其中涉及的“七曜占五月五日直”的占卜对唐代的“五月五日禁忌”进行初步考察,从而揭示该文书的实用价值.     

土族的禁忌文化

“禁忌”是民俗学、人类学和宗教学中研究的一种风俗文化,世界上所有的民族几乎都有自己民族的禁忌文化,土族作为一个古老的民族,自然也不例外。本文通过解读土族的禁忌风俗,探讨某些禁忌风俗的起源和社会历史背景。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the