试论辩诉交易制度

辩诉交易制度是20世纪以来在美国发展起来的一种新的刑事诉讼模式。大量刑事案件的积压和诉讼效率的低下促成了辩诉交易在美国的发达。辩诉交易制度在节省司法资源、提高诉讼效率、体现个体自由和独立的观念等方面有着自身优势。本文从辩诉交易制度产生的理论基础入手，分析了我国引入辩诉交易的必要性和可行性，并且粗浅地提出了相关制度的构建问题。     

农村土地交易的权利配置及利益分享

农村土地交易的现状是令人担忧的,现行物权法为农村土地交易厘清了所有权及其相关权利的关系。但是。农村土地交易仅仅依靠物权法是无法解决的。农村土地交易权利配置与利益分享机制是解决农村土地问题的关键。构建以农地发展权为基础的农地制度,再进行具体的制度安排,是构建我国土地交易利益分享机制的有效途径。     

关于协同推进排污许可制与环境保护税的思考

在新时期背景下,为加强环保管理、优化环境质量,我国尤其注重工业污染源排放监管工作,退出覆盖全部污染源企业的排放许可制度.本文首先介绍了排污许可制的推进思路,然后针对该项制度与环保税的协同困境进行分析,主要体现在大数据平台机制不顺畅、监管职能衔接度较低、与税务部门相脱节等方面.最后提出二者有机协同的措施,力求通过借助大数...     

清代契约里中人的价值与作用

中国古代契约中有一个很具特色的制度,那就是签立契约一定要有中人的参与。中人在交易活动中发挥着提高契约签订率、降低交易风险、保证官府契税收入、解决后续纠纷问题等作用。     

乾隆中期和道光中后期债务命案研究

利用1766至1775年、1836至1845年这20年间12163件刑科题本债务命案,考察以命案结束的借贷交易在契约订立和执行方面的特征,发现在契约订立方面,这些借贷交易以口头约定为主,大部分借贷的借款额小,零利率多,很少有抵押或担保,借期短且常常不明确;而在契约执行方面,则以贷方自己执行债权为主,保人参与调解或通过诉讼解决的交易很少。这些借贷交易表现出明显的模糊性特征,通过列举若干案例,发现这一特征是引发命案的重要诱因。     

论法人人格否认制度

设立公司法人人格否认制度是新公司法的一个重要修改亮点。这项制度的确立将有利于完善我国公司法人制度,防范滥用公司制度的风险,保证交易安全。本文分析了法人人格否认制度的基本理论、适用条件和适用范围,以期该制度在实践中正确适用。     

浅谈对人民调解工作的认识

人民调解制度是一项具有中国特色的解决民间纠纷的法律制度,有助于解决一些社会矛盾纠纷,减轻司法机关的压力,更好的承担社会责任,在维护社会稳定方面发挥着十分重要的作用。但在工作实践中,人民调解制度在法律地位、工作范围、调解效力、人员素质等方面仍然存在着很多需要亟待完善的地方。本文结合现实工作分析人民调解制度的作用及存在的问题等,并提出相应措施,为进一步探讨这一中国特色的民间纠纷解决机制起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

浅谈对人民调解工作的认识

人民调解制度是一项具有中国特色的解决民间纠纷的法律制度,有助于解决一些社会矛盾纠纷,减轻司法机关的压力,更好的承担社会责任,在维护社会稳定方面发挥着十分重要的作用。但在工作实践中,人民调解制度在法律地位、工作范围、调解效力、人员素质等方面仍然存在着很多需要亟待完善的地方。本文结合现实工作分析人民调解制度的作用及存在的问题等,并提出相应措施,为进一步探讨这一中国特色的民间纠纷解决机制起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

商标许可使用合同到期后商标增值部分归属问题的研究 ——以A公司与B公司争讼案件为中心

商标使用许可制度在我国经济生活中发挥着重要作用,但立法和司法实践中并未给予充分重视.本文以2012年A公司和B公司关于商标增值部分归属问题的争讼案件为切入点,对保护商标增值部分的必要性予以阐释和说明,就目前立法和司法实践中对这一问题的缺失和空白提供了解决思路.     

旅游业回扣／佣金问题的理论思考——新制度主义分析范式

本文在继承已有研究成果基础上,力图拓展完善旅游业回扣／佣金潜规则的研究思路和方法,即以新制度经济学为切入点,结合历史发展过程的纵向分析和动态平衡的横向分析,对旅游业这一潜规则进行深入的阐述与探讨。本文采用产权理论、交易费用理论和路径依赖理论对回扣／佣金潜规则现象进行了阐释,认为产权与交易费用的界定是这一规则产生与发展的核心动力,而制度均衡、囚徒困境及正式制度的监管失效是这一潜规则得以维持现状的三大原因。在此分析基础上,从新制度经济学的视角提出相应的引导之道,包括产权的安排分配、引入正向的信念体系及内外部监管变量的介入三大制度创新安排。     

The Impact of Neutral and Nonneutral Productivity Growth on Creative Capital in a Trading Regional Economy. 区域经济贸易中中性和非中性生产力增长对创新资本的影响

We analyze a two‐sector model of a trading creative regional economy (TCRE) of the sort studied by Florida. Our analysis focuses on two cases. The first case concerns the impact of faster neutral, whereas the second case concerns the impact of faster nonneutral, productivity growth in the tradable sector on the employment of creative people in each of a TCRE's two sectors. In both cases, the sign of the percentage change in the steady‐state use of creative capital in the nontradable sector is ambiguous. In other words, the potential departure of creative people from the tradable to the nontradable sector does not depend upon whether the faster productivity growth being studied is neutral or nonneutral. In addition, because the effects of faster productivity growth in the tradable sector are not necessarily innocuous, a potential role exists for activist policy designed to countermand the possibly negative effects of faster productivity growth on either the tradable or the nontradable sector. This finding of possible “uneven development” is consistent with Florida's view that TCREs can give rise to externalities such as uneven regional development.     

Comparative Environmental Policy: Market-type Instruments in Industrialized Capitalist Countries

This paper examines experiences of five industrialized capitalist countries in using effluent charges, tradable permits, and subsidies as tools of environmental regulation and compares their programs to economists'models of the market approach. Observed disparity between theory and practice suggests that advantages of the market approach are not as significant as proponents contend. Reasons are identified, and differences in national characteristics of public administration are considered toward explaining differences in how countries have applied market instruments.     

Promoting innovation Innovate or die

Abstract

The concept of innovation is analysed and misconceptions are condemned. The Rolls-Royce engine RB211 and the Pilkington glass float process are cited as profitable examples of British innovations. Intellectual property is considered as a tradable commodity in the form of patents which can be bought and sold. The need to communicate with the City of London is discussed together with the international context within which innovation operates. It is concluded that essentially innovation must be internally driven.     

Producer Services, Economic Geography, and Services Tradability

We investigate how the incorporation of producer services linkages affects the outcome of an economic geography model. We specify the production of manufactures such that a variety of producer services is needed to transform tradable unfinished goods into final consumption goods. We find that service linkages promote the concentration of economic activity in a single region, but whether full concentration is achieved depends on the costs and mode of services trade. Applying the model to a multiregion world shows that incorporating producer services may also give rise to regions that specialize in different economic activities.     

Whose Permits? The Tenacity of Permissive Development Control in Flanders

This paper explains how a permissive planning permit system is embedded in Belgian/Flemish society and how this contributes to urban sprawl. We base our analysis on an institutionalist approach as developed in previous and current research and analyse the Flemish planning permit system since 1962 as one of different interacting planning systems, all (re)produced, maintained, transformed and struggled over by specific individual and collective actors and shaped by a range of institutional dynamics. The analysis shows how in the dynamics of the Flemish planning permit system, a general struggle between actors defending property-based private initiative and actors arguing for collective action in space is especially apparent. In this struggle, property ownership expressed through a permissive planning permit system and limited enforcement of regulations is seen to be predominant, especially in the 1960s, 1980s and 2000s. Changes in the 1990s, making the planning permit system more strict, have partly and momentarily challenged the institutional frame which structures the predominant planning permit practice, but left the logic of individual property largely untouched. Today, the Flemish planning permit system has again been reoriented towards the protection of private property, which hampers the capacity of government to implement a coherent spatial policy.     

The State and Financialization of Public Land in the United Kingdom

There exists an influential and growing political‐economic literature on the treatment of land—urban and rural—as a financial asset. But this literature pays little attention to the role of the state, beyond its obvious significance in the formalization of tradable property rights. In particular, the issue of the state's own land, i.e. public land, has been afforded scant scrutiny. Has the state, like other actors, increasingly come to treat the land it owns as a form of financial asset? And if so, how, and with what implications? This article addresses these questions by way of an empirical focus on the history of the UK public estate since the beginning of the 1980s.     

False,cheap and degraded: when history,economy and environment collided at Cades Cove,Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park was created in 1934 after decades of popular activism. The National Park Service initially planned to restore wildness to all formerly settled lands through the process of secondary succession, but did not in a valley in the northwest corner of the park, Cades Cove. Transforming the 1200-ha agricultural setting into forest would have eliminated the visual charm highly prized by the tourists who had long come there. Additionally, experts promoted the preservation of Cades Cove's historic–cultural landscape because they falsely perceived the local culture to be a relic of the past. The Park Service acceded, but its commitment to historic preservation was tempered by a concern to minimize its expenses. Consequently, an agricultural permit system was adopted in 1945, which allowed modern farmers to operate on the historic landscape, keeping it open. This cheap method kept open the beautiful vistas of Cades Cove. Unfortunately, the agency's commitment to beauty and economy led to decades of ecological degradation, including water pollution and species extirpation. Only in the last two decades, has park management moved away from its focus on a low-cost, attractive landscape to embrace one that is also ecologically healthy, and thus more sustainable.     

Banking Nature? The Spectacular Financialisation of Environmental Conservation

Abstract: In this paper I emphasise the financialisation of environmental conservation as 1. the turning of financiers to conservation parameters as a new frontier for investment, and 2. the rewriting of conservation practice and nonhuman worlds in terms of banking and financial categories. I introduce financialisation as a broadly controlling impetus with relevance for environmental conservation. I then note ways in which a spectacular investment frontier in conservation is being opened. I highlight the draw of assertions of lucrative gains, combined with notions of geographical substitutability, in creating tradable indicators of environmental health and harm. I disaggregate financialisation strategies into four categories—nature finance, nature work, nature banking and nature derivatives—and assess their implications. The concluding section embraces Marx and Foucault as complementary thinkers in understanding the transforming intensifications of late capitalism in environmental conservation, and diagnosing their associated effects and costs.     

Dancing to the Rhythms of the Fossil Fuel Landscape: Landscape Inertia and the Temporal Limits to Market‐Based Climate Policy

This article makes a contribution to the critique of market‐based mechanisms for climate and energy policy. It explores the environmental effectiveness of market instruments by engaging a broadly conceived “fossil fuel landscape”, or the material, social, and political inertia of fossil energy dependence, as a factor delimiting policy outcomes. The argument is developed through a focus on the idea of economic efficiency as a key ideological construct underlying market‐based policy, and draws on examples from two different market instruments, namely the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, and the Flemish tradable green certificate scheme. I argue that an understanding of the shortcomings of these, and similar, policies requires acknowledgment of the political and socio‐economic power that emanates from the temporal dynamics of fossil fuel capitalism, which are reproduced when economic efficiency becomes the key focus of climate policy.     

From Peru to Ichaboe: The dynamics of a shifting guano frontier, 1840–5

The guano frontier originated as a geographic space for a socio-cultural resource central to the identity, lifestyle and worldview of the indigenous Peruvians. Colonisation in combination with advances in understandings of plant nutrition and fertiliser science, however, shifted guano’s meaning from its original roots and turned it into a globally tradable commodity. The geographical frontier, under the influence of post-independence politics and nationalisation, firstly became an economic frontier and, secondly, a political boundary. With discoveries on Ichaboe and other neighbouring islands on the southwest coast of Africa, this frontier shifted and a race for monopoly control ensued. The dynamics of the struggle for monopoly control over the guano frontier on the Namib coast challenges some of our fundamental historiographic tenets of frontiers, their very natures, triggers and movements. This article suggests the extension of a socio-ecological model in which resource demand and depletion, coupled with changes in the extension of knowledge and legal boundaries, all played roles.