萨拉乌苏河旧石器时代考古史(下)

萨拉乌苏河旧石器是中国旧石器时代考古序幕的重头戏,“河套人”与“北京人”和“山顶洞人”及其文化曾经以“三步曲”长期掌控中国旧石器时代考古舞台。萨拉乌苏河的旧石器时代考古历经将近一个世纪,地层和古人类学等方面有了较大发展,然而旧石器时代考古研究却进展甚微,特别是有关考古术语的畸形演化,突显出中国旧石器时代考古不甚严肃的科学作风。本文对这一历程的充实期和综合科学研究期(20世纪50年代至今)作了回顾性研究。     

萨拉乌苏河旧石器时代考古史(上)

萨拉乌苏河旧石器是中国旧石器时代考古序幕的重头戏,“河套人”与“北京人”和“山顶洞人”及其文化曾经以“三步曲”长期掌控中国旧石器时代考古舞台。萨拉乌苏河的旧石器时代考古历经将近一个世纪,地层和古人类学等方面有了较大发展,然而旧石器时代考古研究却进展甚微,特别是有关考古术语的畸形演化,突显出中国旧石器时代考古不甚严肃的科学作风。本文对这一历程的开拓期和稳固期(19世纪末至20世纪50年代)作了回顾性研究。     

中国旧石器时代考古史上的三个重要事件

2020年是中国旧石器考古史一百周年。回顾中国旧石器考古的发展历程,有三个学术事件意义重大：法国学者在中国的早期旧石器考古活动标志着中国旧石器考古的开端;周口店遗址的发掘标志着中国学者开始主导中国旧石器考古的发展方向;泥河湾盆地中外联合考古发掘与研究标志着中国旧石器考古更加开放、科学。中国旧石器考古学正是通过这三个事件逐步走向自主化、国际化、科学化和规范化。     

江苏史前考古的发现和研究

近50年来,江苏境内发现了许多旧石器时代和新石器时代的文化遗址,对这些史前文化遗址按文化区域阐析文化性质、文化时代和年代,并提出江苏史前考古今后需要探索的问题。     

《甘肃古生物化石与旧石器时代考古》出版

甘肃省博物馆自然部主任、副研究员张行《甘肃古生物化石与旧石器时代考古》一书,于2001年11月由甘肃化出版社正式出版。该书是我省目前第一部全面系统介绍全省各地发现的古生物化石和出土的旧石器时代化遗物的作。作20余年一直从事甘肃古生物化石的征集和研究工作,掌握了大量的第一手资料,历经7年成该书。     

浙江史前考古

建德乌龟洞1974年发现的一枚人类右上犬齿化石,为浙江省旧石器时代考古拉开序幕。2002年至2005年间大规模的考古调查,共发现58处旧石器地点,并发掘安吉上马坎和长兴七里亭、银锭岗等遗址。调查和发掘显示,浙江省最早的旧石器遗存可达80万年以上。     

甘肃镇原县旧石器时代文化遗存综述

甘肃省镇县位于陇东黄土高原泾河流域,是甘肃最早发现人类活动遗迹的地方之一。镇原县旧石器时代遗存分为中期和晚期两个阶段,其中姜家湾遗址点和寺沟口遗址点是目前甘肃境内发现唯一的旧石器时代中期遗存。镇原县境内旧石器时代遗存需要更多的考古发掘及深入研究。     

2019年度福建文物考古成果综述

2020年1月17日,福建博物院文物考古研究所2019年度文物考古工作汇报会在福建博物院影像厅举行。本次汇报会还邀请了厦门大学人文学院历史系考古专业(以下简称厦门大学历史系)、福建师范大学地理科学学院(以下简称福建师大地科院)、福州市文物考古工作队的专家学者做了主题汇报.     

陕西旧石器时代考古的百年探索与成就

本文系统梳理了百年以来陕西旧石器时代考古的发展历程,将其划分为初创期、开拓期、发展期和深化期四个阶段。经过几代学者的不懈努力,陕西地区已发现10处古人类化石地点和600余处旧石器遗址及地点,基本构建起自直立人以来比较完整的古人类演化链条和旧石器文化发展脉络,在古人类生存环境与适应策略方面也进行了比较深入的探索。这些工作极大地拓展了中国古人类生存演化的时空框架,更加有力地实证了中国百万年以上的人类演化史和旧石器文化发展史。     

贵州黔北地区旧石器时代遗存初步研究

黔北地区是贵州省旧石器时代遗存的重要分布区之一.研究表明,黔北地区的旧石器时代遗存可以分为两期,分属于旧石器时代中期和晚期,每期遗存又可细分为前、后两个发展阶段,至迟在旧石器时代晚期,黔北地区已经形成了一个独立的文化类型,可命名为“马鞍山上层文化”.     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌兰木伦旧石器时代中期遗址

乌兰木伦遗址由邻近的第1、第2和第3地点组成。其中在第1地点获得了石制品2780件、动物化石3423件,并发现用火遗迹。遗址年代为距今7～3万年,属旧石器时代中期。遗址为原地埋藏,其石制品类型及工业组合与欧洲旧石器时代中期文化近似,动物化石则属于华北晚更新世的萨拉乌苏动物群。     

Bridging prehistory and history in the archaeology of cities

Abstract

Archaeology is ideally suited for examining the deep roots of urbanism, its materialization and physicality, and the commonalities and variability in urban experiences cross-culturally and temporally. We propose that the significant advances archaeologists have made in situating the discipline within broader urban studies could be furthered through increased dialog between scholars working on urbanism during prehistoric and historical periods, as a means of bridging concerns in the study of the past and present. We review some major themes in urban studies by presenting archaeological cases from two areas of the Americas: central Mexico and Atlantic North America. Our cases span premodern and early modern periods, and three of the four covered in greatest depth live on as cities of today. Comparison of the cases highlights the complementarity of their primary datasets: the long developmental trajectories and relatively intact urban plans offered by many prehistoric cities, and the rich documentary sources offered by historic cities.     

Walter Taylor and the history of American archaeology

Walter Taylor’s place in the history of archaeology is well secured. Not only is he noted for his uncredited anticipation of the theoretical and methodological innovations of the 1960s and 1970s in his infamous book A Study of Archeology, but he is also well-known for committing professional suicide by short-sightedly attacking numerous key figures in American archaeology for their methodological shortfalls, and yet never publishing a report utilizing his controversial method. Although these statements have inundated the historical literature on American archaeology, they are received wisdom rather than the reality of Taylor’s contributions to the field. Many aspects of Taylor’s conjunctive approach were at odds with the stated aims of processual archaeology. Although Taylor did not live up to his critics’ (or his own) demands for a grand display of his approach, he did on several occasions demonstrate its potential. The irony of Taylor in the history of archaeology is not that he was uncredited for his prescience or that his attacks on the archaeological establishment were a naïve failure; but rather that he receives too much credit for what he didn’t do, and not enough for what he did.     

略论北京地区的旧石器时代文化

北京地区有着较为丰富的旧石器时代遗存,从早期的北京直立人、中期的新洞人文化,到晚期的山顶洞人文化,经历了数十万年之久,绝对年代约从距今60万年延续至距今1万多年。北京旧石器时代文化始终以小型石片石器为特色,反映出长期以来主要从事草原一森林环境下猎取动物的经济方式。早中期文化和晚期文化间差异虽较显著,但也明显存在联系,北京直立人应当对原始蒙古人种的形成有过一定影响。     

钟离国历史与文化的考古学观察

近年来有关钟离国的考古发现证实了春秋时期钟离国的存在,从中可解析出大量相关历史文化信息,弥补了文献的不足。从钟离国遗迹、遗物出发,结合文献材料,说明春秋钟离国可能为楚之封邑,在金文中可考世系仅有五代。钟离国埋葬方式另辟蹊径,殉葬风俗根深蒂固,用土颜色意味深远,文化上深受阴阳五行观影响。其文化表明该支钟离国族可能源自东夷地区。     

Ideology,archaeology and history in the old testament

Abstract

While Ottosson's approach to historical studies may be correct, his understanding of the ideological character of the OT narratives may be to narrowly defined, as this ideology has many layers and reflects a diversified tradition.     

A Paleolithic Cache at Tolbor (Northern Mongolia)*

This study presents analyses of a unique assemblage of lithic artifacts, 57 large flakes, discovered in the Ikh Tulberiin Gol River valley of Northern Mongolia. The assemblage represents the first Paleolithic cache ever discovered in Mongolia and is an isolated find, not directly associated with a habitation or logistic activity site. Results of use-wear analysis suggest most of the flakes were unused, with only a few minimally used for processing wood. GIS analyses of the local landscape indicate that the placement of the artifacts was likely symbolic, rather than utilitarian or for storage, lying in an east-west linear viewshed of the primary mountain pass to an adjacent river basin. Based on the context of the discovery as an isolated find and technical-typological features of the artifacts, the assemblage is interpreted as a cache of tool blanks that was purposefully and symbolically positioned on the landscape relative to the primary mountain pass by Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.