Adventus in Jerusalem: the Palm Sunday celebration in Latin Jerusalem

Themes of continuity and innovation in the rituals of the church of Jerusalem in the early twelfth century, following the crusader conquest of the city, are examined with a focus on the Latin Palm Sunday procession. Based on the Ordinal of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which was produced for the use of the patriarch and the religious community of the Holy Sepulchre, and which contains the yearly ritual cycles and major processional celebrations, the study reveals the original characteristics of the Jerusalem liturgy, as well as its components incorporated from pre-crusade practice. It speculates on the earliest organisers of the liturgy, their identity and the sources of their inspiration, as well as the orientations of the early monastic community in Frankish Jerusalem.     

The Water Pools and the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period

A significant number of water pools existed in Jerusalem in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. The pools constitute an archaeological phenomenon that should be analysed in its own right. No other city in the region had so many stand-alone large pools in its urban landscape. This paper offers an explanation of this phenomenon based on its cultural, historical, and archaeological context. The article discusses the corpus of pools, including the dating, the methods of water collection and their possible use in light of similar water installations that were common in this period. In the analysis of the pools' appearance in Jerusalem, the paper examines the broader context of the phenomenon—water utilisation by Jewish society in the time of the Second Temple before 70 AD. The conclusion drawn is that the pools are a manifestation of the wide-scale pilgrimage movement to Jerusalem that emerged in the Late Second Temple.     

哈斯金斯与“12世纪文艺复兴”

本文首先评析哈斯金斯《12世纪文艺复兴》的主要内容 ,认为该书资料丰富、翔实 ,体现了历史主义思想 ,动摇了“中世纪黑暗说” ,推动了欧洲中世纪史的研究 ;其次评介该书自 192 7年问世以来西方史学界对“12世纪文艺复兴”现象的研究 ,对其中一批标志性成果 ,中国史学工作者应予以重视。     

哈斯金斯与“12世纪文艺复业”

本首先评析哈斯金斯《12世纪艺复兴》的主要内容,认为该书资料丰富、翔实,体现了历史主义思想,动摇了“中世纪黑暗说”,推动了欧洲中世纪史的研究;其次评介该书自1927年问世以来西方史学界对“12世纪艺复兴”现象的研究,对其中一批标志性成果,中国史学工作应予以重视。     

Red-Painted and Glazed Pottery in Western Europe from the Eighth to the Twelfth Century

THREE ALTERNATIVE MODELS for the production of floor tiles in the 13th-15th, centuries are discussed. Evidence is produced to support all three modes of production; itinerant, intermittent and settled. The significance of such variation is discussed.     

Poetry and Prayer: Women and Politics of Spiritual Relationships in the Early Twelfth Century

Writers such as the author of the Histoire , Richard of Devizes, Jordan Fantosme, earlier writers such as Orderic Vitalis and William of Malmesbury, or even the dubious Geoffrey of Monmouth, used gendered language to comment, criticise or alternatively applaud women's roles. Their views on women can be explained by the climate of clerical misogyny within which they wrote, their desire to please their patron and the convention of genre. There were many influences working on individual writers which can explain their views. William of Malmesbury was partisan to the Angevin cause; Orderic Vitalis wrote an ecclesiastical history which criticised the morals of secular society and castigated violently the enemies of the patrons of his monastery. The complex nature of the portrayals of both men and women therefore has to be studied in the light of such biases. Noblewomen participated in literary patronage, they inspired authors as models of virtue, were condemned for typically feminine vices, and as such exerted some influence over the shape of texts. They also commissioned texts, were connected with churchmen and such networks could be used for political purposes. Literary sources have been the subject of much theoretical discussion, yet they can be read alongside charters, the evidence of women's economic, administrative, religious patronage and individual initiative, which have in comparison been relatively neglected.     

The West March on the Anglo-Scottish Border in the Twelfth Century,and the Origins of the Western Debatable Land

Abstract

'The West March on the Anglo-Scottish Border in the twelfth century and the origins of the Western Debatable Land'. Although there was a frontier zone between medieval England and Scotland where March Law applied, within that zone there was, at any rate in time of peace between the Crowns, an ascertainable frontier line. Two conflicting views on the location of this line west of the Cheviot are reviewed and a third proposal advanced. From William II's conquest of Cumberland in 1092 up to 1552, the line lay along the River Esk and Liddel Water, except when the Scots possessed Cumberland and Westmorland in 1136–1157 and 1216–1217. After 1136, David I granted to the lords of the English barony of Liddel additional land comprising the parishes of Kirkandrews-on-Esk and Canonbie, north of the Esk. From 1157, the barony remained a cross-Border holding until the Scots dispossessed the English lords of Kirkandrews and Canonbie between 1300 and 1318. The English lords continued to claim that land, however, and their claim was assigned to the English Crown after 1349. At that point, what had been a claim to private rights started to become confused with national sovereignty. In 1552, arbitrators partitioned what had become known as the Western Debatable Land, a no-man's-land, and the Border then assumed its present line.     

新华街:民国北京城改造个案述评

民国初年,在北京城的改造中,南、北新华街的开辟是一个重要案例,具有重要的政治、社会意义。新华街与一些配套工程尤其是新的南城香厂"模范区"的结合,形成了一个崭新的城市街区系统,这个街区系统的出现打破了传统王朝时代之城市空间的格局,几近成为北京城市现代化的先驱。不过,由于时代的动荡不定,特别是首都的南迁,新华街—香厂街区的发展未能持久,而最终衰落。新华街计划的实践,为认识近代北京城市形态及空间结构的变局,提供了重要的观察点。在这一经验中,既可以看到城市改造的方向,也可以看到北京城传统空间特征在近代化过程中所表现出来的保守性。     

Non-Hajj Pilgrimage in Islam: A Neglected Dimension of Religious Circulation

Emphasis by geographers on the study of the hajj to Mecca has resulted in the neglect of ziarat, or non-hajj pilgrimages to other Islamic holy places. Associated with saints, many of the Sufi order, and martyrs, these holy places attract a vast number of pilgrims. Non-hajj pilgrimages may also be considered symbolic of the regional cultural expressions of Islam, especially in the non-Arab countries. This preliminary study situates ziarat within a typology of Islamic religious circulation. It shows that ziarat is part of the dynamic tradition of religious circulation in Islam in various regions: North Africa, Shia areas of Southwestern Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia.