山西吉县石窑店石窟调查简报

石窑店石窟位于山西省临汾市吉县屯里镇王家河村南309国道北侧的山崖上,由一座中心塔柱窟和两座三壁三龛窟组成。造像以较为常见的一佛二弟子二菩萨组合为主。通过分析石窑店石窟造像风格特点,并与其他地区造像进行对比,推断石窟年代为北朝晚期至隋代。石窑店石窟反映了北朝晚期至隋代佛教造像艺术风格的发展、窟龛形制的演变与吉县地区佛教传播的情况,为研究临汾地区中古时期的佛教发展与艺术传播提供了珍贵的资料。     

浅谈巴中石窟观音菩萨造像

巴中石窟中的观音菩萨造像窟(龛)多达100余处。巴中石窟可分为四期:即隋末初唐期、盛唐期、中晚唐期和宋及以后时期。初唐、盛唐时期观音菩萨造像多为一佛二弟子二菩萨二力士二天王组合及"西方三圣"和"西方净土变",药师、观音、地藏等组合形式,观音菩萨单身像龛还很少。但是到了中唐以后,观音菩萨的单身像以及以观音菩萨做主尊的造像就多了起来。唐代是巴中石窟观音菩萨造像内容最丰富、数量最多的时代,特别是中晚唐时期,观音菩萨造像达到了鼎盛。     

鹿野苑石窟的布局设计与造像组合

鹿野苑石窟开凿于北魏献文帝时期,位于平城北苑西山中.作为一处皇室宗教营建,其布局设计有着自身独特的历史背景和涵义.<北魏平城鹿野苑石窟调查记>认为,第6窟"造像组合出现了一佛二菩萨和窟口外两侧各雕一力士的新形式",这一结论是需要谨慎对待的.鹿野苑石窟的造像组合应是一佛二菩萨,窟外两侧的力士像年代应与云冈第二期偏晚或云冈第三期石窟相当,很可能是在北魏中期末或晚期补刻的.     

广元唐代石窟造像题材二题

本讨论了广元唐代石窟造像中的释迦多宝造像和殊菩萨造像。前大体属于开元后期至天宝前期的作品,后的年代约当中、晚唐时期。它们具有鲜明的时代特点,而这些时代特点所凸显的,正是广元唐代石窟造像与唐代两京地区的密切关系。研究表明,广元的释迦多宝造像可能是盛唐时期京师地区天台宗中兴影响下的产物,而殊菩萨造像则可能与中唐以后京师地区殊信仰的勃兴直接相关。     

陕西富县梨树窑子观音殿石窟调查简报

梨树窑子观音殿石窟形制属于陕北地区的小型单窟,有明确纪年题记,造像组合题材包括自在坐观音像、十六罗汉像以及天王像等,是陕北宋金时期民间开凿的具有代表性的小型洞窟。其自在坐观音像、罗汉像和天王像、老者像均雕在山形龛内,正壁为自在坐观音像、左右两壁为对称的十六尊罗汉像和天王像,已形成北宋时期陕北地区较为固定的石窟造像组合模式,是陕北地区不同于其他地区所独有的造像组合题材,反映了当时民众佛教的信仰情况。梨树窑子观音殿石窟的开凿工匠为史氏,有助于了解陕北地区宋金时期开窟造像匠人史氏雕刻的造像风格和技艺,为研究陕北地区及葫芦河流域的宋金时期佛教的发展以及佛教文化与艺术的传播,提供了珍贵的实物资料。     

川渝地区9～10世纪日、月光菩萨造像研究

正日、月光菩萨造像是川渝地区晚唐至宋初石窟中新出现的题材,部分材料的文字部分已刊布。2015年,笔者参加了安岳石窟的调查,新发现带明确纪年且保存较好的日、月光菩萨造像2例,使此题材发现数量增至4例。鉴于学界对这一特殊题材尚无专门研究,特撰文对这类造像的发现、分布、特征、来源、产生背景及传播情况作一初步分析。一日、月光菩萨造像的发现与分布就目前笔者所见材料来看,日、月光菩萨     

大足宝顶菩萨堡摩崖造像考述

大足宝顶菩萨堡摩崖造像考述唐毅烈宝顶山摩岩造像,位于四川省大足具东北１５公里的宝顶镇,１９６１年国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。宝顶山造像盈万,建造于南宋淳熙至淳祜年间（１１７４～１２５２年）,是一座以大小佛湾为中心,于方圆５里凿造结界像的密教石窟...     

十六国北朝时期长安佛教造像的表现艺术

十六国北朝时期,长安（今西安）城内外高僧云集,西域大德来此弘法者络绎不绝,这里成为北方地区的主要佛教文化中心之一。西安地区已发现的此期佛教造像数以百计,与同期周边石窟和其他地区造像相比,既有时代共性,也有显著的区域特征。本文依据考古文献资料,以本地出土的纪年造像为主线,对西安地区北朝隋唐石刻造像的佛、菩萨的基本特征进行了初步归纳探析。     

飞来峰藏传佛教密宗摩崖造像

正飞来峰藏传佛教密宗摩崖造像位于浙江省杭州市灵隐寺前的飞来峰,是元代石刻之一。有五代至宋元等时期的石刻造像300余尊,现存石窟4个,佛龛较多,保存较为完好的造像大约有280多尊。其中有不少佛龛为藏式佛教密宗造像,主要分布于青林洞外墙一带,由元代江南释教都总统杨琏真伽主持开凿。作品主要包括密宗中的诸佛、菩萨、护法神和佛塔等。佛像多为立式和坐式两种;佛的造像多成螺髻宽额、面相扁圆、丰肩右袒、宽胸细腰。菩萨立式多成S     

马蹄寺千佛洞第8窟法华造像观世音菩萨图像考

张掖马蹄寺石窟群千佛洞第8窟现存法华造像一铺,释迦佛、多宝佛以及右胁侍文殊菩萨皆有榜题,唯独左胁侍菩萨题记漶灭不清。此文根据其他石窟材料,将这身造像考订为观世音菩萨,并就图像模式来源和成立的义理基础做进一步论证。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the