基于旅游调控规划的湖泊旅游环境评价研究——以云南高原湖泊为例

旅游环境是旅游研究的重要领域之一,而湖泊环境是湖滨开发旅游的最核心的要素之一。随着旅游业成为云南主导产业,云南高原的主要湖泊都已开发为旅游区。本文对云南高原主要湖泊的水质、噪声、大气环境、垃圾处理、旅游容量利用强度和绿化率等环境监测数据进行了定量分析,这些指标表明云南各主要湖滨旅游区的环境质量都存在一定的问题。造成目前主要湖滨旅游区生态环境质量问题的原因是多方面的,但是湖滨旅游度假区正日益成为湖泊污染的一大源头。本文通过资料对比分析,说明和验证了各主要湖泊湖滨旅游区环境效应的影响程度和范围,为湖区旅游环境的调控规划提供了基础支撑作用。     

旅游开发、经营的外部不经济及其内化探析

旅游开发中的外部不经济将使旅游资源处于低效率或过度利用状态,资源配置难以实现帕累托最优（Pareto optimality）。旅游开发的外部不经济性具体表现为旅游开发经营中的外部不经济和旅游者旅游活动中的外部不经济,其根源主要是旅游资源产权模糊和虚置、旅游资源具有准公共物品的特性及经营者对资源成本与损耗的忽略。弱化或内化旅游开发中的外部性,可尝试在国家干预、制度创新、产权改革、资源核算和价值评估等方面采取措施。     

青藏高原"渐进阶梯式"旅游模式探讨

青藏铁路建成通车,众多游客纷纷涌向西藏,极大地推动了青藏高原的旅游业发展。而青藏高原的高海拔既是旅游业发展的独特之处,也是青藏高原旅游业发展的瓶颈。由于高海拔自然环境的极大差异和人类对不同海拔高度的不同生理反应以及不同自然环境对社会、经济发展的制约,从而导致在不同海拔高度的地貌区域游客的生理反应、接受的服务程度以及旅游环境容量都有极大的差异性,因此,本文通过分析认为海拔在2000—3000m为高原旅游游客的生理适应区,并得出西宁—兰州区和昆明区是高原旅游的最佳适应区;而3000—5000m为青藏高原的常规旅游区,>5000m则为青藏高原的特殊旅游区。从而提出青藏高原“渐进阶梯式”旅游模式的架构。     

旅游资源自驾车旅游开发适宜性评价体系构建与实证研究——以伊春市为例

自驾车旅游的开发对旅游资源具有特殊要求,传统的旅游资源评价方法应用到自驾车旅游开发中表现出局限性。基于自驾车旅游开发的视角,综合考虑旅游资源吸引力、资源环境条件、配套设施状况、客源市场与发展潜力四个方面,尝试建立了新的旅游资源评价指标体系。根据专家调查,运用主成分分析法和层次分析方法确定了指标体系各因子权重。最后以伊春市为例,应用模糊综合评判法对伊春市22个典型旅游区的旅游资源进行了自驾车旅游开发适宜性评价与分析。通过创新旅游资源评价体系,文章期望为自驾车旅游开发提供指导,并为其它专项旅游开发提供借鉴。     

河南省旅游区划研究

科学的旅游区划是区域旅游业发展的基础。在进行旅游区划时，要考虑到：旅游资源优势及开发措施的相对一致性、自然地域与行政区划的相对完整性、旅游中心地与旅游活动完整性、主导因素分析(相似性)与综合分析(差异性)相结合等。根据旅游区划的目的和原则，依据河南省的旅游资源状况和旅游资源的优势，以根文化为主将河南省划分为6个分区，即：沿黄(三点一线)重点旅游区、豫北旅游区、以楚文化为主的豫西旅游区、以商文化为主的豫东旅游区、以茶文化为主的豫南旅游区、以三国文化为主的豫中旅游区。并对各分区提出了开发对策。     

论我国旅游资源开发条件的地域性

本文探讨了我国旅游资源的地域特征和我国自然地理地域差异的关系,认为在研究地理环境,尤其是自然地理环境的地域分异规律的基础上研究旅游的地域分异性并以此为依据进行旅游区划是合理开发旅游资源的途径之一,提出旅游区位是旅游资源开发可行性论证的主要依据,并探论了我国旅游区位、旅游环境的地域性、认为我国自然和人文环境的复杂性使旅游资源开发条件存在很大的地域性。     

安徽省旅游空间结构演变及优化

旅游空间结构是区域旅游发展状态的重要指示器,旅游系统各大要素在不同发展阶段的空间组合不同。合理组织和优化旅游空间结构是实现旅游可持续发展的重要手段。分析认为安徽省旅游空间结构经历了点状模式、放射模式,目前正处在放射与凝聚共存模式阶段。为实现旅游经济的均衡发展和旅游产业竞争力提升,提出重点开发建设淮河风情旅游带、皖江城市旅游带、徽文化旅游带和合黄联动旅游带四条旅游轴线,在现有三大旅游板块的基础上构建皖南国际旅游文化示范区、皖江城市带旅游区、合肥经济圈旅游区、皖北旅游区四大旅游板块,形成新的"点-轴-区"旅游空间格局。提出通过提高政府统筹能力、加大基础设施建设、加速旅游市场营销、加强人力资源开发、实现旅游可持续发展等对策来优化旅游空间结构,促进安徽省旅游经济的均衡发展和旅游产业竞争力的提升。     

固原旅游纪念品市场调查分析

旅游纪念品市场的开发是旅游景区重要的旅游经济增长点,可挖掘的经济潜力巨大。本文从固原六盘山旅游区旅游纪念品市场调查分析人手,对旅游纪念品市场存在的相关问题进行了深入分析,并提出了六盘山旅游区旅游纪念品的开发与发展的建议。     

基于旅游景观认知结构的城市旅游区景观空间配置研究——以西安旅游区为例

国外对旅游景观及其评价的研究已由客观到主观,由宏观到微观,由对景观特征研究延伸到对其内涵的研究,由景观形态到对其功能的研究。在城市旅游区,不同旅游者和城市居民通过"理解"所经历过的空间对其自身生活或旅游的"意义",产生对不同旅游景观区的认知,从而形成旅游认知景观结构。本文以我国城市旅游区(西安)为例对区域旅游景观结构进行探讨,并对景观(要素)空间配置的应用进行了研究。     

香格里拉生态旅游区丽江旅游文化资源分析

丽江旅游业是香格里拉旅游生态旅游区发展的核心,在香格里拉生态区发展中起到了重要的引领和带动作用。而近年来旅游文化资源的开发利用为丽江旅游产品的开发注入了新的活力,这对香格里拉生态旅游区开发旅游文化资源,打造区域性国际旅游文化产品,构建旅游文化品牌提供了一定的借鉴和推动,本文从丽江旅游文化资源的开发利用角度,分析丽江旅游文化产品的开发在创建香格里拉生态旅游区中的优势和作用。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.