严复社会史观的建构与近代史学转向

严复对社会史观的建构颇有“西方史学本土化”、“中国传统史学近代化”这一近代史学转向的特征。以往学术界探究严复社会史观的理论建构的专文鲜见,笔者从思想与社会互动的层面对此作探索,既在横向层面关注严复社会史观的理论源头,即斯宾塞社会进化论、甄克思宗法制度论、西莱政治史学等学术思想与本土学术资源中苟子的社群观、杨朱之自利、墨子之兼爱及佛教的“心境之说”等思想,又从中西文化会通的社会语境中分析严复社会史观的嬗变及其昭示的理论得失。     

伟大历史转折的1978年

1978年是新中国具有转折意义的重要一年。通过关于真理标准问题的大讨论,人们冲破了“两个凡是”的束缚,解放了思想;顺应人们要求改变生产力的落后状况的迫切心情,我国对外改善了与日、美等国的关系,确立了引进开放的方针;对内大胆地提出改革生产关系和上层建筑的意见,确定经济战线必须实行三个转变,达成对改革的原则问题的一致认识;最后通过召开中共十一届三中全会,重新确立了党的实事求是的思想路线,实现了全党工作重心的转移。     

History as it really wasn't: the myths of Italian historiography

According to a number of influential Italian contemporary historians, Italian political history since Unification has been distorted by politicized scholarship and the existence of a large number of untenable political myths. These views are presented in the volume Miti e storia dell'Italia unita (1999). In this roundtable, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Carl Ipsen and David Kertzer discuss this thesis with two of its leading proponents: Ernesto Galli della Loggia and Luciano Cafagna. Secondo alcuni studiosi dell'Italia contemporanea, la storiografia dell'Italia unita è stata travisata dalla tendenza a scrivere testi politicizzati e dall'esistenza di numerosi miti politici infondati. In questa tavola rotonda, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Carl Ipsen e David Kertzer discutono le tesi proposte nel volumi Miti e Storia dell'Italia Unite 1999 (Bologna, Il Mulino) con due suoi sostenitori: Ernesto Galli della Loggia e Luciano Cafagna.     

The nation as seen from below: Rome in 1870

When Rome joined the Kingdom of Italy in 1870, its symbolic importance played a large part in its role as the new capital of the nation-state. That very symbolic weight, though, left but a small space for the Romans themselves, particularly the lower classes. While recent scholarship on Italian nation-building has explored the cultural project underlying its political developments, it still remains to be understood how the lower classes first experienced and responded to their incorporation into the nation. Courted by the new nation-state, its clerical opposition and its radical opposition alike, their Risorgimento was different from that of the Romantic tropes informing the new national politics.     

宋代主流意识支配下的战争观

先秦以来,重视武备和积极御边始终是传统政治中的主流意识,至宋代则发生明显转变。在崇文抑武统治方针的推动下,宋代统治集团逐渐形成以和止战的应对边患的策略,在精神上对边防战争产生了怀疑和抵触。造成这一现象的根源,既与宋代统治者推行的路线方针有关,也与当时复杂的社会背景有着深刻关联。宋代主流意识支配下的战争观成为宋朝时代特征的重要方面。     

Exploring Personal History: A Case Study of an Italian Immigrant Woman

This paper is a study of an Italian immigrant woman based oninterviews conducted with my grandmother in 1996. Her testimonyalongside traditional conceptual frameworks shows that interpretingoral history is a work that must be handled with care. Withthis article, I have tried to give validity and context to theuniqueness of the experience of an Italian-American immigrantwoman. I also argue against Virignia Yans-McLaughlin's interpretationof interviews and the basis of her comparative work. FollowingJürgen Habermas's call for self-knowledge in Knowledgeand Human Interests (1968), this paper is a work of personaldiscovery as well as an attempt to liberate and take responsibilityfor the ways in which interpretation of immigrant testimonycan enforce presuppositions and suppress careful and interesteddialogue about gender difference and ethnic diversity.