土族民间文学中的人与自然

土族民间文学由于植根于传统文化的丰沃土壤中,所以具有独特的风格和鲜明的个性。在青海早期,由于文人文化的不发达,土族文学的主要领域是在民间,即表现为民间文学。浪漫主义手法一直是民间文学的主要创作手法,无论是神话传说、民间故事,还是英雄史诗等,处处体现了一种激荡浪漫     

On the State of Man

Abstract

Until recently increasing agricultural productivity was able to supply the world's increasing population. Now the appearance of adverse trends suggests that social and political problems will outdistance technical solutions. Explosive cost increases of energy, of fertilizers and of non-fuel minerals, as well as the possibility of adverse climatic changes and the continuing threat of political instability constitute real dangers. Paramount is the uncontrolled growth of world population, especially in South Asia, which poses the ultimate question: can the populations of these countries be saved under any circumstances, or must Nature be allowed to take its course? The quality of life for our descendants will be determined by how many of them there will be.     

Human Passions: From Classical Greece to the Contemporary Psychology of Passions and the Contribution of Christian Spirituality to the Tradition of the Capital Sins

The centrality of passions in the human psyche has attracted recent interest in psychology as a part of the conative domain; furthermore, there is a very important tradition of study on the human passions, which is the Christian tradition of the capital sins. This article aims to present the origins and evolution of the latter tradition through its most influential representatives, with the purpose of understanding human passions in depth. The article is intended to find out commonalities and differences among the most relevant authors in Christian spirituality and the contemporary psychology of passions. In doing so, we are attempting to grasp to what extent the contemporary views are influenced by this Christian tradition. It is also a way to renew the interest in Christian spirituality by going directly to its genuine sources.     

从骆谷道到佛坪厅——秦岭深处的天与人

秦岭山高谷深阻碍南北交通,古人为穿越茫茫秦岭,开拓了多条道路。环太白山南麓的骆谷道即以南山捷径、险象环生而闻名。随着人类活动范围的扩大、林木采伐区域的推进,自明中后期,骆谷道已衍生出多条路径,依山就食者众多。清乾隆中后期,流民涌入南山老林,以刀耕火种、砍伐林木维生。清廷于此地设立佛坪厅,将厅城建在骆谷道中段之佛爷坪,以发挥安抚流民、剿灭匪患、控制要道、稳定边防的作用。但资源消耗型的生产、生活方式,对自然资源无尽索取,最终导致水土流失、灾害频发的生态危局,佛坪迅速衰落。加之匪患频仍,在生态、生存双重危机下,最终导致县治迁移。     

Essay and Reflection: On the Nature of International History

This essay focuses on a previously under-explored facet of Churchill's life by analysing the autobiographical novel he created while reading literary classics as a young soldier suffering bouts of depression in a remote corner of the British Empire. It employs a combination of research strategies that include Churchill's correspondence, extracts from Savrola and related works, the social-scientific insights of Anthony Storr and Daniel Levinson, and an unpublished document in the Churchill Archives that links Churchill's capacity for heroism to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. The author concludes that Savrola provided a means of self-diagnosis and treatment for Winston Churchill to extract some meaning in life and ultimately achieve political success.     

论汉代建筑模型对吴晋魂瓶的影响

长江下游地区汉晋时期流行单层建筑和五联罐。汉末三国初期,北方移民南迁长江下游地区,带来了中原等地东汉时期流行的高层楼阁、双阙(天门)和闭合式院落建筑模型,与当地流行的五联罐和堆塑瓶融合后,最终形成了魂瓶。这个史实说明,早在永嘉南渡之前,已出现北人南迁和长江流域存在物质文化交流,以及江南经济发展的一个侧面。     

On the Problem of Laws in Nature and History: A Comparison

In the philosophy of science there has traditionally been a tendency to regard physics as the incarnation of science per se . Consequently, the status of other disciplines has been evaluated according to their ability to produce laws resembling those of physics. This view has yielded a considerable bias in the discussion of historical laws. Philosophers as well as historians have tended to discuss such laws mostly with reference to the situation in physics; this often led to either one of two conclusions, namely that (1) history is epistemologically completely separated from natural science because it does not have universal laws, or that (2) the ultimate goal of the study of history must be the formulation of such universal laws. I maintain that neither conclusion is necessary. To substantiate this position, I discuss several aspects of natural laws. One aspect that is often neglected is that there are many kinds of statistical laws in nature; there is no close link between laws and determinism. Moreover, natural systems exist that have a history, that is, systems that are, like human history, shaped by irreversible, singular events. One important case is biological evolution; accordingly I discuss the relation between evolutionary theory and historiography. However, since we are part of the living world, and in addition to considering the methodological similarities between the two fields, one could also ask whether the laws of evolution are of direct relevance for understanding our history. This issue of history as evolution is investigated in detail in the final section of the paper.     

试论文学的人民性

人民性是文学实际存在的一种社会属性。“文学的人民性”这个特定概念是用来说明文学与人民群众的关系的。从这个概念质的规定性以及文学的社会功能来看,它的生命力应该是永存的,它的意义应该得到充分肯定。