盈盈一水间

<正>冰雪消融,山峦朦胧。纵然已是"千里冰封,万里雪飘"的隆冬时节,却怎能固封你奔流入海的徜徉步伐?绵延万里,层峦叠翠,崇山峻岭间,宛若一条玉带飘然而下,如泣如诉。     

Prehistoric Mink (Mustela vison) Trapping on the Northwest Coast

Abstract

Excavations and survey since 1970 have produced data on many aspects of human occupation in the Basin of Mexico between 1200 B.C. and 500 B.C. (un calibrated radiocarbon dates). We attempt here to summarize our current understanding of the communities of that period in the Basin, with respect to chronology, stylistic affinities of their material remains, subsistence patterns, craft production, trade relationships, socio-political aspects, and the possible religious beliefs of their inhabitants. We urge in conclusion that even-handed attention be provided to both the historical and the processual aspects of the evidence in the interest of a more complete understanding of the past in our region.     

MF and HF propagation characteristics of ionospheric ducts

The propagation of MF and HF radio waves along ionospheric ducts is studied in detail by developing a waveguide model of the ducts and determining power levels of ducted echoes. The Earth's magnetic field is included, making the propagation medium anisotropic, and influencing the ray paths through field curvature. Electron density gradients, along and transverse to the field lines are considered, and both circular and elliptical duct cross-sections are treated. Propagation characteristics of the ducts are determined by ray tracing using Haselgrove's equations. Comparison with analytical solutions for simple waveguides is used to elucidate the effects of field line curvature and focussing. Distributions of returned echo power have been calculated for ducts with various cross-sections and different depletions in electron density. It is found that field aligned ducts with diameters of the order of several kilometers behave as effective waveguides for both direct and conjugate ducting modes. However, the percentage depletion required for guiding is higher than previous calculations using simplified theory. The field line curvature causes most power distributions to be shifted upwards from the duct centre. It also causes ducting to be confined to the upper boundary of ducts, especially if they are elongated in the vertical direction. The variation of power across a duct can be quite complicated and distinctive. For direct ducting, there is a clear relationship between the total integrated power across a duct and the electron density gradient and propagation frequency.     

二佛并坐及其佛教意义

一个圆拱龛中,左右并坐着两个佛像的造型,被称作“二佛并坐”。在云冈石窟,这种雕刻非常普遍,初步统计约有385个“二佛并坐”龛,几乎每个洞窟中都有它的形象。它们在洞窟中的位置也表现得异常灵活多变：有的作为主像置于正壁(往往是北壁);有的雕刻在东西两壁或南壁;有的雕刻于拱门或明窗上。“二佛并坐”在云冈石窟表现得如此突出,是何原因?其造像根据是什么?佛教意义如何?以上问题都应引起我们的关注。     

重走晋商万里茶路 洞庭湖畔问茶香(上)

策划:旅游纵览杂志社主办:山西省晋中市旅游局,福建省南平市、武夷山市旅游局,江西省上饶市、九江市旅游局,湖南省岳阳市、益阳市、常德市旅游局,湖北省武汉市、襄樊市旅游局,河南省南阳市、洛阳市旅游局,河北省张家口市旅游局,内蒙古包头市、呼和浩特市、乌兰察布市旅游局。协办:山西祁县乔家大院民俗博物馆、山西晋商文化博物馆(祁县渠家大院)、山西榆次常家庄园     

The dark side of human rights1

Edmund Burke argued that abstract or universal rights to food and medicine were less valuable than the aid of ‘the farmer and the physician’. His point remains unanswered. Human rights receive universal lip service, but their status and justification remain murky. From one view they are universal requirements matched by counterpart universal obligations: but if so they cannot be defined or created by international Covenants. From another view they are defined by convention and have force only when states ratify international Covenants: but if so, they are not universal. This matters particularly for rights to goods and services, such as rights to food and health care. These rights require the active collaboration of those who are to deliver needed goods and services: yet this active engagement is endangered by imposing overly complex requirements in the name of compliance with human rights. Excessive demands for compliance, and excessive emphasis on complaint, compensation and blame as remedies for non‐compliance, endanger the effective contribution of the farmer and the physician, and of others on whom the provision of needed goods and services most depends.     

On the prediction of auroral radio absorption on the equatorial side of the absorption zone

Observations of auroral radio absorption made in Finland over the years 1972–1983 have been compiled for use in absorption predictions. The data are presented as values of Q(1), the probability of at least 1 dB absorption being recorded by a 30 MHz riometer, and the results are compared with the predictions of an existing model regarding the latitudinal variation, the influence of solar and magnetic activity indices, and the pattern of daily variation. New formulae for basing absorption predictions on the A_p index are proposed.     

Young people and drinking in Italy: the good side of familism

Abstract

Since the 1990s, young people’s drinking has been a matter of public concern, attracting considerable media attention that has contributed to spreading the alarm. The purpose of this article is to dispel some stereotypes about youth drinking in Italy, by putting it in an international perspective and explaining some of the key factors that have contributed so far to limiting the spread of at-risk alcohol consumption when compared to other countries. Among these factors, the persistence of social values that emphasize family ties and the sharing of informal norms between adults and young people seem to play a prominent role. However, both the spread of increasingly individualistic values at a global level, and the growing complexity of transitions to adulthood could lead to changes in consumption patterns among Italian youth in the near future and increase risky behaviours.     

Buried raised beaches on the northern side of the forth valley,central Scotland

In an area on the northern side of the River Forth, between the Menteith moraine and Kincardine‐on‐Forth, the stratigraphy of the carselands was investigated by hand‐boring, the results being augmented from commercial borehole records. The information obtained indicates that a series of raised beaches, composed of fine‐grained, marine‐estuarine sediments, is buried beneath the carse. Best developed between the Menteith moraine and Blairdrummond and between Abbey Craig and Menstrie, these buried beaches can be correlated with the buried raised beach sequence beneath the carselands south of the River Forth.     

乾陵东一翁仲裂隙调查及稳定性分析

乾陵东一翁仲病害众多,但裂隙是危及其安全的首要因素。通过现场调查确定了东一翁仲裂隙分布特征并对其稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:东一翁仲现存5条影响其稳定性的裂隙,其中3条贯通,2条局部贯通。裂隙将石刻分割为5个块体,中间块体上大下小且重心前偏,导致石刻整体前倾,为石刻失稳提供了动力来源,脚后跟块体是石刻稳定的关键块体。石刻目前处于欠稳定状态,当遇到关键块体上部破碎、钢箍断裂失效、地震荷载等任一情况时,石刻将处于失稳状态,有整体倒塌的危险。研究结果可为东一翁仲的保护工作提供科学依据。     

The far side of international business: local initiatives in the global workshop

This article presents a case study of the entry of two Norwegianlifeboat companies into the Chinese production system. Ratherthan merely studying the situation through the eyes of thesecompanies, it includes a perspective from the far side of internationalbusiness, i.e., the local competitors. The article argues thatto understand the dynamics and development of both internationalcompanies and localized production systems in a global economy,it is necessary to explore how international and local actorsreflexively evaluate and act upon each other. The article, thus,presents a model for studying the internationalization processand localized production systems.     

“中国”一名源河东的考古学考察

“中国”这一名称可谓源远流长,赋有民族、地理、政治、文化和经济等多种含义,也充分体现了中华民族的民族气质和民族精神。作为国家用名,在世界各国的国名中是极其罕见的。     

Study of Effects of Sediment-Damping,Impedance Contrast,and Size of Semi-Spherical Basin on the Focusing and Trapping of the Basin-Generated Surface Waves

This article presents the effects of sediment-damping, impedance-contrast (IC), and size of semi-spherical (SS) basin on the focusing and trapping of the basin-generated surface (BGS) waves and the spatial-variation of average-spectral-amplification (ASA), differential ground motion (DGM), and average-aggravation-factor (AAF). A frequency-dependent focusing of the BGS-wave is inferred. Increase of ASA, DGM, and AAF with increase of size of the SS-basin with a fixed-shape-ratio revealed that the BGS-wave focusing has counter-balanced the sediment-damping effects. It is concluded that the BGS-wave focusing and trapping in the SS-basin is more sensitive to change of IC as compared to the similar change of sediment-damping.     

Spacing Palestine through the home

This paper explores connections that can be made between houses, homes and violence in Palestine, and representational consequences of making such connections. Drawing on ethnographic field research in Birzeit, I put recent work on critical geographies of home into conversation with geographies and geopolitics of Palestine. I criticise the tendency to represent Palestinian geographies almost entirely through the lens of the Israeli Occupation. While such studies have a great deal of value both academically and politically, this paper augments such work by developing a different focus and a different representational approach. I use detailed ethnographic vignettes and interviews to engage with the domestic practices that make particular Birzeiti homes. These intimate domestic encounters underpin my argument that there is a need for more work that apprehends Palestinian geographies as complexities that bear a relation to, but are not fully determined by, the Israeli Occupation.     

穿越天山

天山是横贯亚洲中部的一条巨大山系,在中国新疆境内总长1 700多公里,以其雄伟高大的身姿引起万众瞩目,多样化的地形地貌和民族风情令中外旅游探险者趋之若鹜.屈曲盘旋的天山公路不仅是经济通道,生命通道,也是探究历史文化的时空隧道,是展示大美新疆的风景画廊. 今年6月,第37届世界遗产大会正式宣布中国"新疆天山"列入世界自然遗产名录,包括博格达、喀拉峻-库尔德宁、巴音布鲁克和托木尔4个遗产地,这些地区保存了完整的景观和生物进化过程,将炎热与寒冷、干旱与湿润、荒凉与秀美、壮观与精致等反差巨大的特质奇妙地汇集在一起,展现了天山独特的自然美,真实体现了"一山有四季,十里不同天"的意境.     

Studying islandness through the language of art

Phenomenology lends itself to the study of islandness, and because works by poets and painters are often rooted in place they are also highly amenable to phenomenological studies. In such studies, threads of similarity and connection in people’s experiences of living on islands are revealed in ways that are of interest to geographers as well as those in allied and complementary disciplines. This article describes research in Tasmania and Newfoundland by a poet and academic profoundly interested in place. Based in interpretive and qualitative research methodologies, the methods used in the study included participant-observation and semi-structured interviews with writers, artists, and musicians whose artistic practices were expressive of islandness and abductive analysis. In addition, poetic interpretations became part of an iterative process that enabled my engagement in phenomena shared with and by participants. Poetry became a way to creatively reimagine academic research and offered opportunities to deepen contextual understanding and insight into people’s understandings of islandness in ways not always possible through academic avenues.