非言语交际语用失误与外语教学

近年来国内外研究者对语用失误作了大量的研究,但是只是针对言语行为,而忽略了非言语交际中的语用失误。本文描述和分析了跨文化非言语交际中的语用失误以及其对外语教学和非言语交际教学的启示。     

语用预设的交际功能

预设是一种普遍的语言现象,是语用学和哲学研究的重要课题之一,在言语交际中扮演着重要的交际角色。对预设的研究已经成为语言学界的焦点之一,其研究价值也日益凸显,然而,由于语用学是一个新兴的研究领域,对预设的研究更多的是停留在语义层面,即使是对其应用的研究也仅仅局限于书面语的运用上,很少涉及预设在口语交际中的运用。本文将在前人研究的基础上,从语用学的角度,分析语用预设的基本特点,并在此基础上进一步深入地研究预设在语用层面的作用,尤其是在口语交际中的功能。研究语用预设在言语交际中的功能,有助于加深我们对于预设的认识,更好地运用语用预设来增强话语的表现力,从而达到我们预期的交际目的。     

不同社会文化背景对言语交际语用原则取舍的影响及例案分析

语用学主要研究由社会文化背景决定的人类交际时语言的使用。语用学指出在人类进行言语交际时遵循诸如:交际原则,合作原则及礼貌原则等。并且,不同的社会文化背景对人们语用原则的取舍具有影响。本文通过论述不同社会文化背景下语言使用的例案分析,说明其对语用原则取舍的影响。     

《周易》的言语观及其影响

语言学史对《周易》等典籍的研究未能具体深入。本文认为,《周易》的言语意识十分丰富。它重视言语操作,主张言语谨慎、镇定、沉着,推崇言语交际的和谐、诚信,涉及到言语心态素质、言语交际的双向性及其方式与效果、言语表达的动机与效果和语义与所指的一致性、言语主观语境因素与客观语境因素等方面。其所提出的“言有序”主张,涉及语法上的词序,也涉及修辞上的词序．是一种从语境出发、以语法为基础、以美学追求为旨趣的修辞学观点,是迄今所知的中国最早、最明确的修辞学观点。其言语意识的价值取向兼有功利顾忌、人伦关怀与审美追求。它窥破汉语重词序的特征,强调言语对语境的适应,提出修辞语序问题,深刻影响着汉语语法、修辞研究．而且它还覆盖着现代语用学的许多重要原则。它也有助于丰富我们对中外语言学史的认识。     

试论语言学中语言非规范性特征在手机短信交际中的应用

本文的研究对象具体为高校的58名大学生手机的600条短信所构成的语料样本。通过分析手机短信语言的语言学特征及手机短信交际的会话结构特征,本文找出了短信交际会话结构的基本单位,并从社会语言学及语用学角度对其形成原因作了分析     

跨文化交际中礼貌原则分析与礼貌意识培养

本文从跨文化交际的角度分析了Leech的礼貌原则、顾曰国的礼貌原则,指出跨文化交际中言语行为的礼貌本质和及其合适性,并分析礼貌原则背后的语境因素,探讨致力于培养学习者跨文化言语交际中的礼貌意识的外语课堂教学策略。     

基于社会语言学的大学英语教学研究

社会语言学的大学英语教学,由于其自身的研究范围广泛、方法种类多样,使得言语交际、社会改革的研究,对于大学英语教学的目标和教学内容,乃至课堂上老师和学生之间的互动关系以及对非言语交际的认知都有着非常重要的启发作用。大学英语教学的改革,不但是针对学生提出了要求,也是对教师提出了更高的要求。     

大学英语翻译教学中英汉对比法的应用策略探究

近些年,我国不断加强对语用学、对比语言学、跨文化交际学等方面的探讨,从宏观、微观等多个方面对英汉对比问题进行了研究,通过研究取得了非常丰硕的成果,而在大学英语课堂中,进行翻译教学时,许多教师还是将讲授翻译技巧和理论作为基础,并没有在培养学生对异域文化的了解方面下功夫。所以,把英汉翻译对比法应用在英语的教学课堂中,成为了一个重点也变成翻译教学中的一个难点。只有非常了解两种语言的特点,才能使学生的翻译水平和学习能力得到提高。     

关于接受及谢绝的过渡语语用失误剖析

近年来,随着语际语用学（interlanguage pragmatics）的兴起,语言迁移问题备受人们的关注,其中母语的负迁移更是跨文化和二语习得领域内学者们关注的一个重点问题,本文拟从语用迁移中的语用语言迁移和社交语用迁移的两个层面,以跨文化交际中的实例来探讨母语语用负迁移对跨文化交际中的语用失误的影响作用。     

公示语英译失误问题的教学成因及对策研究

本文指出了我国公示语英译问题的现状,探讨了公示语英译失误问题在教学中的成因,并在此基础上,尝试从理论和实践教学两个角度,结合文化语言学、跨文化交际学及社会语用学、母语迁移理论,找寻英汉翻译教学中关于公示语翻译教学的对策,以期为我国当前的英语翻译教学改革提供可行的建议。     

Indigenous Research: Whose Priority? Journeys and Possibilities of Cross‐Cultural Research in Geography

Decolonising research in geography is part of a broader ‘reflexive’ process which continues to question the positivist status of ‘researcher as observer’. This paper contributes to this reflexive turn, drawing on the particular experiences of a cross‐cultural Honours thesis. The paper is pursued through a parallel journey involving a non‐Indigenous researcher (and author of the cross‐cultural Honours thesis) engaging Indigenous research 1 with interpretative insight from an Indigenous adviser or ‘on‐looker’. The methodological difficulties revealed by the parallel journey are emphasised to highlight both the complexities and reflexive possibilities of cross‐cultural research but also to consider potential institutional and pedagogic implications that stem from the experience. One of the substantial findings of the paper is that, by linking Indigenous community priorities to research and coursework, conventional (and often unequal) research relations are minimised and colonising tendencies reduced. By challenging the conventional way that cross‐cultural research is conceived, and the way that institutional practices and research frameworks are implemented, geographers can continue their prolonged and complex efforts at decolonisation of the field and their own practices.     

Assembling attachments to homes under bushfire risk

This research, conducted in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia, explores attachment to the home in the context of bushfire risk. The paper builds on existing research that has focused both on the home and on emplaced and mobile methods therein and seeks to understand the range of human and non‐human attachments. We situate our examination of attachment in the context of a bushfire‐prone suburban area to consider whether attachments to home may be influenced by an external risk. We use a mix of verbal, visual, and sensory methods (walking and image‐led interviews) to examine both verbal and sensorial articulations in place and in the home. We report on a stepwise analysis of place attachments, home, and bushfire risk. First and while interviewing, we moved with the participants inside and outside of their homes to understand how attachment to those sites was constructed and maintained. Second, we considered those encounters as assemblages of attachments to place. Finally, we studied those assemblages of home‐bound attachments in the context of the risk of bushfire in proximate suburbs.     

What is ‘needed’ to keep remembering? War‐specific communication,parental exemplar behaviour and participation in national commemorations

Given the abundance of literature on collective memory practices, there is relatively little empirical research on the socialization processes explaining the transmission of such practices. This article examines to what extent war‐specific communication and parental exemplar behaviour function as a link between the collected memories of individuals and society's collective memory. Utilizing data from an online survey conducted in 2014, we focus on participation in the activities organized on Remembrance Day and Liberation Day in the Netherlands in remembrance of the Second World War. We distinguish between public and private practices. Our findings highlight that different forms of socialization substitute for one another. Whereas communication with non‐relatives is particularly relevant for those communicating less frequently with parents about past war experiences, parental exemplar behaviour, such as participating in the two‐minute silence on Remembrance Day, plays a bigger role amongst those with lower levels of communication with either relatives or non‐relatives.     

探索非公有制企业党建工作的新路子——对互助县非公有制企业党建工作的调查与思考

随着市场经济的不断发展,非公有制经济已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,其地位和作用越来越重要。搞好非公有制企业党建工作,事关党的路线方针政策在非公有制企业的贯彻落实。党的组织机构应针对新时期非公有制企业党建工作的特点,不断探索研究非公有制企业党建工作的新路子。     

Forum: Cultural Geography and Cultural Studies

This forum discusses linkages between cultural geography and allied ‘cultural’ disciplines. A symposium on this topic – held at the 2005 conference of the Institute of Australian Geographers in Armidale – was triggered by the targeted inclusion of geography in a cross‐disciplinary network funded by the Australian Research Council. Although non‐geographers in the network have articulated strong interest in and an enthusiasm for geography, their knowledge of, and everyday participation in its disciplinary travails have been limited. Given this, the papers in the forum review geography's long and dynamic consideration of the relations between place and culture, and raise a set of key issues for geographers to consider: how we might interact with other disciplinary debates about the ‘cultural’, retain distinctiveness as the home of intellectual inquiry around issues of space and place, and leverage opportunities to forge more permanent connections to geographers working not in our traditional institutional settings, but in a range of research centres, schools and disciplinary homes.     

跨文化交际中体态语礼仪功能之文化差异

在跨文化交际中,生活在不同文化背景中的人们因各自特有的礼俗文化和礼貌原则,在交往中往往会产生各种障碍和困难,这方面除语言因素外,还有非语言因素。了解和掌握非语言交际形式之一的体态语在不同文化中的礼仪功能,对不同文化背景中的人们相互沟通、理解与和睦相处具有重要的意义。     

光导纤维反射光谱法及其在文物保护中的应用

光导纤维反射光谱法是一种无损检测方法,其基本原理遵循库贝尔卡·芒克(Ｋｕｂｅｌｋａ－Ｍｕｎｋ)方程式,现已广泛应用于纸张、金属、陶瓷、织物等的直接分析,也适用于文物的无损分析研究,此方法在文物保护工作中的应用虽刚刚起步,但前景广阔。     

《历史研究》的中国文明观与中国文明起源研究

中国明是汤因比研究比较的非西方明中的重要明形态,他在《历史研究》中多次涉及并作了较为深入的比较研究,提出了自己的看法。汤氏重视研究非西方明重要价值,也有其历史局限。     

Fucking geographers! Or the epistemological consequences of neglecting the lusty researcher’s body

This article investigates the dichotomy within research on sexuality between the desiring body of the informant on the one hand and the non-desiring body of the researcher on the other. Despite earlier calls to acknowledge and include the eroticisms of the researcher, accounts where the desiring researcher’s body is a central focus remain exceptions to the rule. The main goal of this intervention is to investigate why the absence of the lusty researcher’s body seems to endure. I will first explore some of the reasons researchers might feel inhibited to self-disclose their desires, to continue with uncovering some of the techniques used to sustain the cover of the asexual, disembodied researcher. Afterwards, I will discuss my own experiences as a (junior) researcher in the field, mainly my own discomfort and embarrassment to be perceived as a desiring woman-researcher, and trace how this has informed my own research trajectory. I conclude by suggesting that writing down our negotiations between the validity of our research versus how much we are willing to self-disclose might be a first step towards an improved inclusion of lust and desire in sex research.     

究竟应当以怎样的历史观指导我们的研究——兼与蒋大椿教授讨论

以真理性的历史观念指导我们的研究,是一个极其重要的问题;而且,由于长期以来教条主义统治了我们的历史研究,因此,一个真实而且正确的历史观乃是非常必要的.本文认为:马克思主义的历史观即"唯物史观",不仅可以质疑而且可以批评.但是,这种质疑和批评必须是建立在理解乃至超越的基础之上的,否则,所有相关的讨论也就可能只是在前马克思的水平之下进行的.