Mesolithic in South‐Eastern Norway

This article discusses the reliability of shore‐line displacement curves based on pollen analysis in the Oslo Fjord area. The conclusion is that only small parts of the curves ‐ in the late Atlantic period ‐ are fairly reliable for the purpose of dating Mesolithic coastal sites.

Twelve Mesolithic settlement sites from Østfold, south‐eastern Norway are classified morphologically. The author suggests a chronological lineal model with four succeeding phases: 1. The Fosna culture, 2. Late Boreal/early Atlantic group, 3. The N?stvet culture, 4. Late flint‐point using group. A connection between the Fosna culture and early Maglemose culture is claimed.

A study of the ecological adaptation in the four phases is based on topographical conditions, on the distribution and situation of settlement sites, and on animal bones from three Mesolithic sites in south‐eastern Norway. Hypotheses on seasonal migrations are suggested.     

Beach ridges and other shore deposits in south‐west Jura

EUROPE

Planning Research. Edited by W. Pearson. 9¾ × 7¼. Pp XVI + 158. London: The Town planning Institute, 1961. 18s. 6d.

Highland Folk Ways. By I. F. Grant. 8½ × 5½. Pp. XIII + 377. 77 figures. 3 maps. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1960. 40s.

British Landscapes Through Maps. Edited by K. C. Edwards. No. 1. The English Lake District. By F. J. Monkhouse. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 19. 18 plates. 3 figures. 1960. No. 2. The Yorkshire Dales. By C. A. M. King. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 24. 18 plates. 3 figures. 1960. No. 3. Guernsey. By H. J. Fleure. 9¾ × 7½. Pp. 20. 16 plates. 4 figures. 1961. Sheffield: The Geographical Association. 4s. 6d. each.

ASIA AND AFRICA

Nepal. By P. P. Karan. 10¾ × 13¾. Pp. 101. 60 illustrations. 35 maps. Folded map in two colours. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1960. $10.00.

Physical Geography of Asiatic Russia. By S. P. Suslov. Translated by N. D. Gershevsky. Edited by J. E. Williams. 10¼ × 7½. Pp. XIV + 594. 50 maps. 11 diagrams. 16 drawings. 1 end‐paper map. London: W. H. Freeman, 1961. 105s.

Transportation in Ghana. Northwestern University Studies in Geography No. 5. By P. R. Gould. 9 × 6. Pp. X + 163. 13 tables. 4 plates. 113 figures. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Department of Geography, 1960.

CLIMATOLOGY

Précis de Climatologie. By C. P. Peguy. 9¾ × 7¼. Pp. 347.097 diagrams and maps. 3 folding maps. Paris: Masson, 1961. N.F. 42.

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Photogrammetry. By F. H. Moffitt. 9¼ × 6¼. Pp. XI + 455. Numerous figures and tables. Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Co, 1959. $ 12.00.

Photogrammetry, Basic Principles and General Survey. By B. Hallert. 9¼ × 6¼. Pp. IX + 340. Numerous figures and tables. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Co, 1960. $ 12.00.

GENERAL

Britain and Beyond: People of the World. Book one. By R. W. Morris. 7¾ × 5½. Pp. 209. 129 photographs. 18 maps. 24 diagrams. Glasgow: Blackie &; Son Ltd., 1960. 8s. 6d.     

Shaping childhood risk in post‐conflict rural Northern Ireland

The realities of the ethno‐sectarian conflict have dominated the analysis of social problems within the context of Northern Ireland (NI). As a result of this, issues such as non‐conflict related childhood risk have received less attention than in the remainder of the UK. However, with the rapidly changing agenda of the Peace Process there is now the momentum to take a broader approach to examining Northern Irish society. This paper examines children's own experiences of growing up in rural NI and explores their own and adults' perceptions of the risks that they encounter and the resulting constraints placed on children's activity outside the home. It is evident that the legacy and reproduction of ethno‐sectarian conflict still influences notions of fear and mistrust of ‘an ethno‐sectarian other’. However, as shown within this paper these fears run in parallel with other fears that are constructed around concerns over ‘everyday’ risks that are evident in the range of outdoor play practices reported by the children involved in the study.     

Globalization and modes of interaction in two sub‐sectors in Ireland

This paper begins with a brief discussion of Ireland's recent economic success, focusing on aspects of industrial structure. A theoretical framework is then developed to facilitate comparisons between sub‐sectors. Globalization and localization, industries and markets, and interactions among firms are the three main constituents of this framework. Two particular sub‐sectors are chosen for examination: the wooden furniture industry in County Monaghan and the software manual printing industry in Dublin. We show that the first, as an industrial district, has both vertical and horizontal links among firms, is a local industry and has limited market internationalization; the second, based largely on preferred supplier relationships with subsidiaries of the software multinationals, is dominated by vertical relationships, is also in some respects a local industry, and its product reaches a much more global market.     

A past and a future for diversification on farms? Some evidence from large-scale,commercial farms in South East England

Diversification has been identified as a common response to the agricultural crisis of the 1980s and to the changing ethos of agricultural policy in the closing decade of the twentieth century. In particular, farmers operating large-scale farms have been prominent in adopting this approach, just as they were innovative across a range of farming practices in the expansion and modernisation of their agricultural production in earlier decades. Can we identify serial diversifiers within this sector of the farming community, who are disposed to react in an entrepreneurial fashion to the changing fortunes of agriculture? The paper draws on results from a survey of large-scale commercial farmers in South East England and, by examining the sequence in which various forms of diversification were adopted, identifies a temporal pattern as farmers responded to the fluctuating fortunes of the agricultural industry over the past thirty years. But has the potential for diversification been exhausted? The paper also considers future prospects for diversification within the large-scale, commercially oriented sector of the agricultural industry.     

Creative planning in Ireland: the role of culture‐led development in Irish planning

This paper attempts to close specific gaps in our understanding of practice and policy concerning culture, planning and development in Ireland. This is a nation in which the development and planning impacts of cultural policy are of increasing importance, yet the state of knowledge of policy and infrastructure remains underdeveloped. The paper begins by charting the evolution of culture‐led development in Western Europe over the last few decades, highlighting the emergence of culture as a central element in both economic and social development strategies. The paper then focuses upon Ireland, reviewing the nation's rich cultural and especially musical heritage, and the direct economic impacts of this. Detailing the successful mobilization of this heritage in search of tourism, the recent incorporation of culture into strategic planning and development initiatives, and the links between culture and development in Dublin, Cork and Galway, the paper concludes that Ireland is in a strong position to avail itself of the positive social and economic impacts of planning for culture and creativity.