Ionospheric disturbances over Japan due to the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption at 1532 UT on 18 May 1980 on the ionosphere over Japan are examined using data on total electron content obtained at three closely-spaced stations and HF (5 and 8 MHz) Doppler recordings together with microbarograph data for the surface pressure perturbation. The results strongly suggest that ionospheric perturbations having a predominant period of about 9 min propagated from north to south approximately along the great circle path with a horizontal velocity of about 300 m s⁻¹. The observed time variations of perturbations can be well explained in terms of Lamb waves propagating through the atmospheric sound channel while launching up-going waves to produce the ionospheric oscillations.     

Mount Shamrock: A Symbiosis of Mine and Settlement

Mount Shamrock township was one of the earliest gold mining towns in the Upper Burnett district of Queensland, Australia. A study of the township and associated industrial area demonstrates the integration of town and mine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper examines the relative permanence of the mining settlement and reveals a multifaceted landscape influenced not only by miners but by the women, children and other non-mining residents operating within distinct social and administrative frameworks.     

从巴德伊舍到圣沃尔夫冈

<正>在奥地利,早上我们告别哈尔施塔特,乘坐渡轮,驶过湖面,对岸的山坡上有个小小的火车站,或许是我见过的最小的火车站:只有一条铁路线,一侧靠着山壁,不容人站立,另一侧的站台也不过四五米,临着哈尔施塔特湖,中间窄窄地挤出了一间工作室,同时也是售票室和候车室。这里终日不见铁路公司的工作人员,却收拾得很是整洁,一部自动售票机提供全部服务,室外还开着一丛鲜艳的花。     

俄罗斯英雄城市 圣彼得堡

正圣彼得堡是俄罗斯的第二大城市,位于波罗的海芬兰湾东岸,跨涅瓦河口三角洲,有100多个岛屿组成,人口495万。96条河道,342座桥梁纵横交错,还有21座开合桥闸,方便船只通过主要航道。是西北联邦区驻地,列宁格勒州首府。彼得堡罗要塞修建于1703年5月在涅瓦河口的兔儿岛上,并将要塞及其周围未来的城区命名为"圣彼得堡"。1924年改名为列宁格勒,1992年恢复现名。     

Johann Gaspar Spurzheim: The St. Paul of phrenology

ABSTRACT

Franz Joseph Gall’s wayward discipline Johann Gaspar Spurzheim greatly modified Gall’s original system and introduced it to the English-speaking world. Through an active program of itinerant lecturing, publishing and converting disciplines, Spurzheim made phrenology. He also developed a philosophy of following the laws of nature that was adopted and further promoted by his disciple, George Combe. Combe’s book The Constitution of Man (1828) became one of the best-selling works of its genre in the nineteenth century. Thus Spurzheim, never particularly original, exercised an enormous influence on nineteenth-century culture.