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C. W. Campbell 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2013,129(11):579-591
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W.L. Calderwood 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2013,129(4):228-235
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政协青海省委员会原副主席松布,因病医治无效,于2005年4月5日4时43分在西宁逝世,享年83岁。松布同志1921年11月出生于青海省互助土族自治县加定乡庄浪滩村一个农民家庭。1925年认定为互助县佑宁寺第六世松布活佛,1945年任佑宁寺法台。1950年10月参加工作。1950年10月至1955年9月任青海省人民政府监察委员会委员、副主任;1955年9月至1965年11月任青海省民委副主任; 相似文献
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《荆楚岁时记》是中国民俗学发展史上的一部重要民俗志著作,是中国第一部地方岁时民俗的专门记录。本文试图从多种角度对这部重要文献所蕴含的学术文化意义进行较深入的探讨,对其目前研究状况予以评述,并提出有关本课题的研究方法与设想。 相似文献
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RAYMOND SUTTNER 《International affairs》2012,88(4):719-738
The African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa was formed under difficult conditions, facing a Union government bent on extending racist laws and an unsympathetic British government to whom repeated petitions were addressed without success. By the 1930s petitioning had run its course and the organization collapsed. In the 1940s, however, structures were established which laid the basis for mass activities in the following decade. In the 1950s a range of campaigns of resistance gave rise to a large ANC constituency. It also elaborated an alternative democratic vision through adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955, after a process of lengthy consultation. The document became a rallying point for a range of democratic organizations. After the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 the ANC was banned, but continued to operate illegally. It embarked on short‐lived armed activities, leading to the arrest and exile of its leading figures. The years that followed saw further setbacks as the organization sought to establish itself outside, and in small underground units inside, the country. After the Soweto uprising of 1976, many young people joined the ANC's armed wing and carried out attacks on apartheid installations. Significantly, this period also saw the revival of mass public political activities on an unprecedented scale. A combination of internal and external pressures against apartheid paved the way for negotiations, resulting in democratic elections in 1994. The ANC now governs, having fundamentally, albeit unevenly, transformed the lives of many—but continued poverty, unemployment, extensive corruption and criminality risk leading to a deep systemic crisis affecting governance as a whole. 相似文献