Insect faunas associated with the Fossil remains of Pinus sylvestris L. in blanket peat from Northeast Scotland

Pine stumps have been found preserved in blanket peats at altitudes of up to 793 m OD in Scotland. Radiocarbon dating by other researchers has demonstrated that these sites were not all contemporary, but most fall within the mid‐Holocene period. Palynological, dendrochronological and stable isotope analyses have previously been carried out on these fossil pine stumps, but not palaeoentomological analysis. This paper reports on the results of an analysis of the fossil beetle remains from two of these sites in the Cairngorms, Monaltrie Moss and a moss on the Mar Lodge estate. The insect faunas indicate that acidic wetland was colonised by pine trees, which developed into mature woodland. The dominance of saproxylic (deadwood) faunas in comparison to those associated with healthier trees suggests that the woodland was always under stress. The pine fauna at Mar Lodge was replaced by montane wetland species once the pine trees died out.     

Boulder edge‐roundness as an indicator of relative age: A lochnagar case study

A method is presented for quantifying the degree of edge roundness of large crystalline boulders using a simple instrument. The method utilises the transition due to granular disintegration from sharp to rounded boulder edges, so that the degree of edge roundness is a function of time and can be used as a relative dating tool. Edge roundness can be precisely measured in the field if strict morphological criteria are adhered to when selecting boulders to measure. Roundness can be expressed as a length measurement between fixed points on adjacent facets, as a normalised index, or as a radius of curvature. Boulder edge‐roundness was employed to resolve uncertainty over the extent of the ‘Loch Lomond Stadial’ (LLS) glacier in the North‐east Corrie of Lochnagar. Small but significant differences in edge roundness between two sets of moraine ridges indicate that the LLS glacier was smaller than that mapped by Sissons & Grant (1972). The moraine they ascribed to the LLS relates to an earlier advance within Late Devensian time.     

城市快速轨道交通高架线对环境景观的影响研究——以广州市地铁二号线为例

城市快速轨道交通建设对任何一个城市来说都是巨大的经济负担,然而在适当的地段采用高架形式以节省资金,却常常不为人们所接受,主要在于其对城市环境、景观的影响方面。本文以广州市地铁二号线为例,对从快速轨道的高架线环境和景观影响因素进行分析,阐明了城市快速轨道采用高架线不仅仅是由于经济方面的原因,它对城市景观也是一种强化,它可以促进城市早日形成快轨交通网络系统,对解决城市交通、环境问题更加有利,而它的环境影响也可以控制在人们接受的水平等观点。并提出解决快轨交通高架线对城市环境和城市景观造成影响的方法和措施。     

Correspondence

EUROPE

The Scotland of Our Fathers. By Elizabeth S. Haldane. London : A. Maclehose and Co., 1933. Price 18s. 6d. net.

Fifty Tears and More of Sport in Scotland. By the Duke of Portland. London : Faber and Faber, 1933. Price 21s.

The Woodlands and Marshlands of England. By H. A. Wilcox. University Press of Liverpool; London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1933. Price 6s.

The Face of Scotland. By Harry Batsford and Charles Fry. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1933. Price 7s. 6d. net.

The Charm of Brittany. By R. A. J. Walling. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1933. Price 7s. 6d.

Poland. By Roman Dyboski. London : Ernest Benn Ltd, 1933. Price 21s.

Rumania : Its History, Politics and Economics. By George Glenton Logio Manchester : Sherratt and Hughes, 1932. Price 5s.

Belgium : The Land and its People. By Clive Holland. London : Herbert Jenkins Ltd., 1933. Price 5s.

Pavements and Peaks. By Anthony Bertram. London : Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1933. Price 7s. 6d.

AFRICA

My Farm in Lion Country. By Joyce Boyd. London : Hurst and Blackett Ltd., 1933. Price 12s. 6d.

AMERICA

The Explorers of North America, 1492–1806. By J. B. Brebner. London : A. and C. Black Ltd., 1933. Price 18s.

Land of Feast and Famine. By Helge Ingstad. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1933. Price 16s.

From Pacific to Atlantic: South American Studies. By Kenneth G. Grubb. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1933. Price 10s. 6d.

True North. By Elliott Merrick. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1933. Price 10s. 6d.

AUSTRALASIA

Gold Dust and Ashes. By Ion L. Idriess. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1933. Price 6s.

GENERAL

Light on the Dark Continent. By Garveth Wells. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1933. Price 16s.

The Horse and the Sword. By Harold Peake and H. J. Fleure. London : Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1933. Price 5s.

The Problem of Disarmament. Edited by R. Schmidt and A. Grabowsky. Berlin : Carl Heymanns Verlag, 1933. N.p.

Nansen of Norway. By C. Turley. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1933. Price 5s.

Voyage of the “ Parma.” By A. J. Villiers. London : Geoffrey Bles, 1933. Price 25s.

Come Easy, Go Easy. By Arthur Mason. London : Jonathan Cape, 1933. Price 7s. 6d.

Far Vistas. By Sir Percival Phillips. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1933. Price 12s. 6d.

Round the World to Freedom. By Major Paul Stoffa. London : John Lane (The Bodley Head) Ltd., 1933. Price 7s. 6d.

Seaplane Solo. By Francis C. Ghighester. London : Faber and Faber, 1933. Price 10s. 6d.

Thames to Tahiti. By Sidney Howard. London : George Bell and Sons Ltd., 1933. Price 10s. 6d.

Scamper Tour to Rhodesia and South Africa. By Mrs. Maude Speed. London : Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1933. Price 7s. 6d.

Trade Winds. By Louis Kornitzer. London : Geoffrey Bles, 1933. Price 10s. 6d.

Historical Geology. By Raymond C. Moore. New York : McGraw‐Hill Book Co. Inc., 1933. Price 24s.

A Political Geography of the British Empire. By C. B. Fawcett, B.Litt., D.Sc. London: University of London Press, 1933. Price 18s.

EDUCATIONAL

Economic and Social Geography. By Ellsworth Huntington, Frank E. Williams and Samuel van Valkenburg. New York and London : John Wiley and Sons, 1933. Price 23s.

The Story Atlas. Edited by John Stirling. London : Ivor Nicholson and Watson, n.d. Price 31s. 6d.

Our World To‐day. By W. R. Kermack. Edinburgh : W. and A. K. Johnston Ltd., 1933. Price 2s. 6d.

This Land of Ours. By Wm. Platt. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1933. Price 2s.     

19世纪英国铁路筑路工人工作与生活状况考察

19世纪英国铁路筑路工人是一个独特的工人群体。本文通过考察筑路工人在主要铁路修建体制分包制中的工作与生活状况,并对比工厂制中雇佣工人的相关情况,认为规训机制与信用体制的缺乏正是造成他们独特境遇和种种不幸的主要因素。在19世纪中期后,尽管对分包制进行了局部改革,但这些改革都未能从根本上改变分包制下筑路工人的不幸遭遇。     

跨域视角下的美国铁路华工研究述评

论文分别梳理了美国和中国关于铁路华工研究的学术史,并进行了比较与思考。认为美国横贯大陆铁路的通车,保障美国实现了真正的国家统一,开拓了美国的太平洋贸易时代。华工是铁路西段的建设主力,铸造了历史的丰碑。目前,对铁路华工的研究成果主要是"美国视角"下的学术实践:美国学界的研究起步早;研究资料主要来自美国;学术话题主要是美国学界在引领;中国的铁路华工研究仍处于边缘地位。这种状况既具有时代特点,也具有学术的时代局限。需要从地理和学术两个层面去突破"美国视角",深化铁路华工研究。     

The relationship between harris line formation and bone growth and development

The leg bones of 54 juveniles from the Romano-British cemetery at Poundbury, Dorset were examined radiographically for Harris lines. No correlation was found between presence/absence of Harris lines and femoral length, cortical index or total cortical thickness, although all three were significantly correlated with dental age for both groups. These results are compared with those of previous studies and differences are interpreted in terms of the nature of the environmental stress which gave rise to the Harris line. In the light of these findings a strategy is suggested which might be adopted for future research in this area.     

高速铁路城市联系职能研究——基于京广高铁调研数据的实证

审视与评估现实中高速铁路的城市联系职能,是研究高铁发展与城市发展之间相互作用关系的基础。基于对京广高速铁路沿线14个城市进行的实地调研和近3000份调查问卷,分析了高铁旅客在城市间的流动方向及特征,发现高铁主要承担着中心城市与普通城市之间、中心城市与中心城市之间的客流联系。通过对不同城市间客流强度影响因素的计量分析,发现高铁旅客在省内城市间的流动强度普遍高于省外流动强度,去往中心城市的客流强度也大于去往普通城市的,且两个城市间的高铁旅客数量与两个城市的经济水平正相关。高铁加强了中心城市与普通城市之间的客流联系,但会带来中心城市进一步的极化发展还是使中心城市更好地带动普通城市的发展,是值得进一步探讨的问题。     

青藏铁路全线运营对格尔木经济发展的影响

青藏铁路于2006年7月1日实现了全线试运营,使雪域高原告别了没有铁路的历史。对青藏铁路新线起点的格尔木市来说,青藏铁路的全线通车,对其资源开发、城市发展以及产业布局正在产生和将要产生重大影响,文章就此进行了研究。     

Diet and mobility in Middle Archaic Florida: stable isotopic and faunal evidence from the Harris Creek archaeological site (8Vo24), Tick Island

We explore diet and mobility in Middle Archaic Florida using human burials and faunal remains from the Harris Creek archaeological site (8Vo24) on Tick Island. We conducted stable carbon and oxygen isotopic (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O) analyses of 50 human enamel samples and strontium isotopic (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) analysis of a subset of 10. Most individuals (46/50) subsisted on local freshwater and terrestrial resources, with relatively depleted δ¹³C values (C₃) and δ¹⁸O values matching those of central and north Florida water resources within the St. Johns River valley. Eight of 10 burials have local, within valley ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values. Two human burials yield marine δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, which we interpret as evidence for across valley movement from the coast. Another two individuals show depleted δ¹⁸O values, likely obtained from northern rivers. We also identified potential food resources and non-local foods from the Harris Creek faunal assemblage. We found six species with estuarine and marine habitat preferences; two of which, whelk and quahog, indicate that people of Harris Creek traveled to or traded with coastal areas.     

日本国铁改革的过程及其发展现状

日本国铁改革之前,“公社”形态的国铁在经营上受到国会及政府的严格控制,加之全国一体化的经营,不能够针对某一地区的具体情况和需求采取相应的措施,经营情况逐年恶化。因此,日本政府在1987年对国铁进行了一次体制上的变革。此次国铁改革的基本思路是:为了克服“公社”制度带来的问题,必须进行民营化;为了克服全国一元化经营所带来的问题,必须将国铁进行分割。日本国铁改革总体上是成功的,但一些重大的问题还是没有得到很好地解决。     

联总援助与我国铁路交通善后

抗战期间及战后初期,我国内陆交通遭到严重破坏。根据《中国善后救济计划》,联合国救济善后总署（简称联总）无偿提供大批交通运输器材,帮助我国恢复残破不堪的水陆交通。出于控制华北的政治目的,国民党政府曾打算利用联总援 助的铁路器材优先修复津浦、平汉、平绥和胶济铁路;停战协定生效后,中共曾表示,在保留解放区境内铁路区段实际控制权的前提下,愿意协助修复华北铁路交通。由于国民党政府顽固坚持以武力解决国内政治争端的错误政策,致使全国内战爆发,铁路再度成为交战双方争夺的焦点而频遭破坏。交通部不得不改变初衷,转而将联总器材主要用于修复粤汉、浙赣、南洵铁路和改善华东地区的路况,并收到显著成效。     

1926年中东路危机后苏联在中东路问题上态度的变化及其实质

1926年1月中苏中东路危机后,苏联在中东路问题上的确就用人及利润分配等方面向中方作出了一些让步.但苏联的让步是在苏联主导下的有原则的让步,其实质是要保住中东路,维护在中东路的既得利益.     

对古城自然-文化生态环境空间结构特质的研究--以青海省同仁(国家级)历史文化名城保护规划为例

本文研究的目标是以整体的观念、环境的观念、综合及多视角的观念为理论基础,运用系统(层次)构成分析法对特殊自然环境与文化背景下同仁历史文化名城的自然—文化生态环境空间结构特质进行研究,为古城的保护规划奠定基础,通过保护规划使古城的自然—文化生态环境空间结构特质得以保护与传承。     

太中铁路的多方案比选与可行性论证

本首先对太(原)-中(卫)铁路项目的提出、工程线路方案及其替代方案的设计和多方案比选进行了分析探讨,然后从宏观与中观等角度简要阐述其战略意义,最后从资金、技术、认识、决策和协调等方面探讨其可行性。     

火车站及其周边地区空间结构国内外研究进展

工业化背景下,世界铁路运输发展迅速,各种大型火车站在城市迅速崛起,以火车站为中心的城市次中心区域逐渐形成,对火车站的区域影响研究日益引起国内外城市和交通学界的重视。文章首先总结了当前火车站与周边环境关系研究的主要方向和动向,并对国外学者关于火车站地区的土地利用和空间结构、火车站与地区经济发展以及火车站对周边地区的社会影响等研究的主要观点作了较详细的介绍和综述。接着概括和分析了国内学者在火车站与周边环境关系研究的主要方面和内容。最后,针对我国的火车站地区建设和发展提出一些思考和建议。