Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday Life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760-1860

Following the 1745 rebellion, agrarian capitalism rapidly transformed subsistence practices in the Outer Hebrides. Landowners increased rents, enclosed common lands, and replaced crofters and cattle with sheep-ranges. Population growth, the demise of the kelp industry, and crop failures compounded the problems of the peasantry. Widespread emigration commenced in the 1770s and peaked in the 1850s, when entire communities were exiled to British North America—the so-called Highland Clearances. This article traces the development of agrarian capitalism on the Isle of South Uist, explores the agricultural improvements undertaken by successive landlords, and considers modes of resistance adopted by the island's population.     

Resisting Traditions: Ceramics, Identity, and Consumer Choice in the Outer Hebrides from 1800 to the Present

On a number of levels, peripheral status has been imposed on the Outer Hebrides (Scotland) since the Jacobite Rebellion in 1745. Drawing on a series of interviews with Hebridean families, this paper explores the changing meanings of ceramics imported into the islands from the early nineteenth century and displayed on wooden dressers. It is argued that in renegotiating their identity in the face of a series of externally generated economic changes, rural communities in the Hebrides have acted as thoughtful consumers, appropriating mainland material culture to their own ends. Throughout this process, imports have behaved ambiguously. This ambiguity is crucial to our understanding of the relationship—here characterized not as resistance but as resistant adaptation—between the Hebrides and the mainland.     

南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究

社区服务设施的空间可达性事关城市公共资源分配的社会公平与公正,是反映城市居民生活质量的重要标志。以南京市居住用地作为基本分析单元,对南京市的教育、医疗、商业和公园绿地四大类社区服务设施的空间可达性进行分析;并通过对相关低收入社区的实地调研,研究城市边缘区低收入群体的服务设施空间剥夺问题。研究表明：南京市四类服务设施的可达性水平均呈现出由城市中心区向郊区衰减的空间分异格局;较低的社区服务设施可达性不仅直接造成低收入社区居民对社区服务设施较低的满意度,导致其空间剥夺感的产生,还极大地阻碍着社区归属感的形成,导致社区居民强烈的迁居欲望,在他们较低的支付能力下进一步加剧其空间剥夺感。政府未来在规划面向低收入群体的保障性社区时,更应注重相关服务配套设施建设,做到社会与空间的公正性。     

基于弱势群体需求的北京服务设施可达性集成研究

关注人群属性和需求,探讨服务设施供给的社会公平是新时代服务设施研究的重要议题,对于人口总量巨大、社会构成多元、社会空间分异凸显的大城市尤其如此。尽管研究某一弱势群体对单项服务设施需求的文献不断涌现,但是结合居民主观的服务设施需求偏好的可达性集成研究尚不多见。本文以北京作为案例城市,首先采用居民主观调查数据分析四类弱势群体对于公共服务设施的需求结构,然后基于POI数据,借助GIS分析这四类弱势群体服务设施需求偏好下的北京市公共服务设施综合可达性情况,且对综合可达性较差的区域进行了空间识别。本研究综合定性与定量方法,探讨主观与客观数据相匹配的可达性集成方法,可以为今后的相关研究提供借鉴,并能够对北京建设国际一流和谐宜居之都提供理论支撑。     

乡村社区可持续性研究进展与展望

伴随着全球气候变化和粮食危机出现,乡村地区成为可持续性转型研究的新焦点。乡村社区可持续性是可持续发展研究的重要领域,对促进我国乡村振兴、城乡融合和可持续发展具有重大意义。根据世界可持续发展历程,结合国内外研究文献分析,乡村社区可持续研究可以划分为起步、拓展和逐步深化三大阶段。可持续性、脆弱性、韧性是可持续发展理念下演变的不同研究主题,是当前城乡发展研究的三大热点议题。乡村发展多功能、多维度、多主体等趋势下,乡村社区可持续性包含社区生态、社区产业、社区空间、社区规划、社区治理等多维度实施路径。未来的乡村社区可持续性研究,要重视多维度综合的乡村社区可持续性评定、乡村社区风险识别与监测、乡村社区可持续性转型、乡村社区生活质量与乡村吸引力提升和现代化治理等问题的深入探讨。实现中国乡村社区可持续性,应综合考虑较优越的政治背景、较大的地域环境差异等基本特征与现实问题。     

宁夏南部回族社区人地关系及可持续发展研究

本文运用区域可持续发展基本理论,全面分析了宁夏南部回族社区人地关系由掠夺式向互为报复式演进的过程、原由及危害,剖析了回族社区可持续发展的四大制约因子,即:生活贫困及生产方式的落后性,人类自身生产及人口素质的低层次性,区域文化的封闭性,生态环境的逆展性。并针对上述因子,提出了改善人地关系,实现可持续发展的举措是:加快区域经济建设,深化生态环境建设,加强地域文化建设,积极进行社区建设。     

The causes and impact of changes in fish stocks in the waters around Fair Isle during the twentieth century

Drawing considerably from records of fish catches made by the fishermen of Fair Isle during the 20th century, this article highlights the dramatic decline in fish stocks in the waters around the Isle. It argues that the major cause has been the continuous intensification of the commercial fishing industry outside Fair Isle. Assessment is also made of the socio‐economic and cultural impact on the community of Fair Isle, and means are proposed to retain and regain links with the sea.     

基于出行调查和GIS分析的县域公共服务设施配置评价研究——以德兴市医疗设施为例

针对传统的县域公共服务设施布局分析主要考虑空间可达性的问题,提出一套更全面和贴近实际的公共服务设施配置评价方法体系。公共服务设施配置评价应能反映服务设施的空间可达性、服务质量、居民的需求与选择三方面内容,为此应综合采用GIS、问卷调查、出行路线图分析等多种技术。在具体操作上,提出\"建立县域公共服务设施等级体系--基于时间距离的设施可达性计算--考虑个体行为选择的服务区划分--基于服务区的设施使用状况评价\"的\"四步法\"。主要有两个创新点:①引入了基于出行调查的服务区分析,反映了设施的异质性带来的居民的自主选择和跨区域流动情况;②对设施服务质量的考虑更全面,不仅限于传统的设施规模,还考虑了医生水平、硬件设备、科室设置等因素。     

完善社区医疗保障进一步推进社区养老

文章分析了福利机构养老的利与弊,提出：如果自己有居家养老的可能性,那就依托社区,居家养老;如果愿意选择集体养老,那就进入养老机构养老。当然,居家养老的前提是要有相对比较成熟的社区照顾。同时,文章分析了老年人社区照顾的重点——社区卫生保健服务。文章最后论述了在推进居家养老与社区照顾上国家和政府应做之事。     

制度是发展城市社区服务业的保障

目前我国社区服务业还存在很多问题。这些问题归根结底是由于制度不完善造成的。只有建立和完善各项规章制度,才能进一步提高社区服务业的水平。     

Sustaining popular music’s material culture in community archives and museums

This article examines the challenges of sustainability faced by community archives and museums that are concerned with the preservation and display of the material culture of popular music’s recent past. The sustainability of grassroots sites of popular music heritage is of great concern due to their role in making accessible cultural artefacts that have limited representation in the collections of more prestigious institutions. Drawing on three sites that have ceased operation – Jazz Museum Bix Eiben Hamburg, Mutant Sounds and Holy Warbles – the article highlights difficulties faced by the founders and volunteers of physical and online archives in sustaining their ‘do-it-yourself’ heritage practices in the medium- to long-term.     

Improbable Art: The Creative Economy and Sustainable Cluster Development in a Hong Kong Industrial District

A noted Singapore-based cultural geographer and specialist on Asia analyzes the emergence and functioning of a unique artistic cluster in Hong Kong's Fotan light industrial district. The objective of the research is to understand how artistic work in the cluster, despite some challenges, has thus far proven sustainable in cultural, social, and economic terms. The findings of this case study permit further clarification of several dimensions of an emerging theory of cultural/creative clusters, which should be considered as distinct from business and industrial clusters. Selective comparisons between the Fotan cluster and the Moganshan Lu cluster in Shanghai demonstrate that cultural/creative clusters do not face uniform challenges in striking a balance between economic and cultural sustainability.     

分级诊疗能否促进空间平等？——基于上海市公共医疗服务可达性的情景分析

转型期中国城市社会空间经历剧烈重塑,不平衡不充分发展也体现在城市内部空间。充分的实证研究有助于理解抽象的城市内部空间平等议题,为决策提供科学参考。本研究从空间平等视角出发,以上海市为案例,结合分级诊疗情景模式,在人口、医疗设施信息、POI等数据基础上,借助两步移动搜索法评估以医疗资源为代表的公共服务可达性状况;并采用多种不平等指数测算不同城市居民面临的可达性差异。研究表明,分级诊疗模式可显著提高上海市医疗资源在全域覆盖的程度,缓解了中心城区和郊区之间的空间不平等状况。然而,这种“政策的红利”往往被优势群体所吸纳,而以移民、低学历者、工人以及租房居民为代表的弱势群体,他们的可达性却无显著改善。