先秦文献所见古姓考

保存到中国先秦时代的古姓并不多,然而这原本为数不多的古姓却出于字音的讹误和字形的变迁等原因而使前人对它们的统计多有误差,本旨在借助先秦献和古字材料,对先秦古姓的概貌进行廓清,以期对先秦姓氏制度研究有所裨益。     

从走马楼吴简看孙吴时期长沙郡吏民的联姻

对于走马楼吴简的研究统计,可以反映出孙吴时期长沙郡吏民有将两姓合并表示婚姻的取名风俗。这种风俗一方面透视出土民与移民之间的联姻关系,另一方面也反映出在江南农业开发过程中土民与移民之间的融合特征。     

日本夫妇的不同姓问题

20世纪80年代,日本社会掀起了要求夫妇不同姓的运动,这是对已有百年历史的夫妇同姓制度的挑战。就夫妇姓氏问题,日本内阁府先后进行了多次舆论调查。整体上看,赞成自由选择夫妇“同姓”或“不同姓”者逐渐增多。但目前,“夫妇不同姓”仍未得到法律的认可,“夫妇同姓”依然是取得合法婚姻的必要条件。本文在阐述日本夫妇姓氏历史变迁过程的基础上,分析了日本夫妇不同姓问题提出的背景、实现的阻力及意义。     

中古北族复姓折娄氏之新史料——耀州新出土隋开皇三年《折娄罴墓志》疏证

新出隋开皇三年(583)《折娄罴墓志》是一方值得引起重视的中古胡族姓氏新史料,结合之前同地所出土唐永隆元年(680)《折娄惠墓志》,展现出史籍不存的折娄氏一族在中古时期的社会地位与生活辙迹,为研讨中古民族融合与姓族迁变提供了珍贵信息。     

近代苏南渔民贫困原因探究

随着苏南社会近代化进程的加快,苏南渔民生活水平却并未有任何提高,甚至比封建社会时期还要贫困。造成这种状况的原因有很多,其中,渔民渔业权的丧失,封建势力的盘剥,外来势力的掠夺和进行水产品倾销以及市场失灵等是主要原因。探究近代苏南渔民贫困的社会根源,对于如何改善弱势群体的民生或有一些启发。     

The Retirement Village as a Residential Environment for the Third Age – The Example of Firhall,Scotland

Abstract

Retirement villages represent a recent addition to the range of residential options for older people in the UK. Research has focused on the development and nature of retirement housing in the public and voluntary sectors in England. Limited attention has been directed to the private retirement communities and, in particular, to the lived experience of residents in private sector retirement villages. This research, which is the first study of a private retirement village in Scotland, overcomes this information deficit by identifying the nature and growth of private retirement villages in the UK and exploring the lived experience of residents of the private retirement village of Firhall. The discussion is organised into four main parts. Part I examines the concept of the retirement village. Part II explains the growth and geography of retirement villages in the UK. Part III comprises the empirical analysis of the case study retirement village. The research identifies the social, economic and demographic characteristics of the village population and provides insight into lived experience of the residents in the study village. Finally, in part IV, the discussion identifies a number of key issues for further research, and the potential contribution of retirement villages for meeting the needs and preferences of the growing third age population of the UK.     

The role of labrid fish in prehistoric economics in New Zealand

Labrids are one of the most common types of fish to occur in inshore rocky marine habitats in New Zealand. There are major discontinuities in their relative abundance in archaeological sites from different regions of New Zealand, and these are difficult to reconcile with known distributional patterns. A number of possible explanations are examined such as changes in fishing technology and various ecological factors. It is concluded that the reasons for these observed fluctuations may vary considerably from one case to another, but where large numbers were caught by prehistoric people who had access to alternative fish resources, unreliability of some major aspect of the economy may be inferred. A combination of poor sea conditions and marginal horticulture is likely to increase the importance of labrid fish.     

The maritime landscape of Kilwa Kisiwani and its region,Tanzania, 11th to 15th century AD

East African coastal archaeological research has traditionally concentrated on the stone towns. In contrast, this study adopts a maritime cultural landscape approach by examining one of those towns, Kilwa, in its wider setting towards the peak of its economic success. Using archaeological evidence derived from coastal and inter-tidal survey and excavation, it identifies the environmental advantages of Kilwa′s estuarine location and resources that are exploited by a series of settlements providing marine produce and construction materials. The maritime approaches to the town also provide the context for a cultural display of religious allegiance and power through the symbolism of conspicuously sited mosques and a more perplexing series of causeways. Knowledge of the wider integrated coastal environment is seen as key to understanding the culture and economy of the region.     

散村的形成及其演变——以江汉平原腹地的乡村聚落形态及其演变为中心

传统时代江汉平原腹地的乡村聚落,主要选择地势稍高的自然墩台、长冈或建造人工墩台,以躲避洪水的侵袭;很多台墩依堤而建或与堤相联,但台墩之间并不相连,从而形成以散居为主导的乡村聚落形态。江汉平原腹地以散居为主导的乡村聚落形态之形成,有其根深蒂固的地理基础与社会经济根源。环境与资源条件的限制、传统的经济生活方式,乃是散村形成并长期延续下来的根本原因。     

日本农协金融的早期发展概况及启示

日本农协金融作为合作金融的典型代表,是比较成功的农村金融服务体系．章简要地介绍了战后恢复时期日本农协金融的发展概况,介绍了日本政府为解决农民资金短缺而采取的支持和辅助农协金融发展的措施．日本农协金融对我国发展农村合作金融的启示：一是要加强农村金融立法,尽快出台《合作金融法》：二是要加大对农村金融的扶持力度,建议通过立法将农信社定位为国家扶植农业的工具,将农业发展银行的县级支行合并列农信社;三是祛除农信社的官办色彩,把农信社真正办成农民自己的合作金融组织,农民才是农信社的“主人”,信用社是为农民服务的“仆人”．     

Early agriculture and sedentism in the American Southwest: Evidence and interpretations

Recent archaeological research in the American Southwest is rapidly altering long-held perspectives on early agricultural adaptations. The adoption of maize and squash is now reliably dated to ca. 1200 B.C., rather than 4000–2000 B.C. as previously thought, and new sites have been found in a variety of unexpected ecological settings. These emerging spatiotemporal patterns suggest that the development of sedentary communities after A.D. 500 may have been the result of changing systems of foraging, instead of simply a greater dependence on agricultural production.     

广东澄海侨情变化与思考

澄海市是广东省重点侨乡 ,在潮汕侨乡中具有相当的代表性。改革开放后 ,澄海凭借其海外关系众多的优势 ,大力推展侨务工作 ,动员海外华侨华人和港澳同胞支援家乡的经济建设和社会发展 ,取得了明显的成效。但近年来 ,澄海侨情却发生悄然的变化 ,华侨捐资锐减 ,投资不旺 ,显露出该传统侨乡盛极而衰的种种症兆。究竟是什么因素削弱、制约了澄海侨务工作的优势及其发挥 ?该市的侨情变化 ,是否反映了在潮汕地区这样的中国传统侨乡 ,其“侨”的优势正逐渐丧失 ,侨乡特质行将淡化 ?本文就此进行了探讨     

地貌与村落扩展:1753-1982年河北南部村落研究

本文采用历史文献、地名考证、GIS空间定位等方法,复原了河北南部四十余县清前期村落分布状况,并结合现代资料,探讨了200多年来该地区村落扩展的空间特征。研究发现河北南部地区的村落,在过去二百多年间,不论从数量上还是分布上都有很大的变化。而且这种变化存在明显的区域差异。作者认为地貌形态是造成这种区域差异的重要原因,是控制长时间大尺度村落发展非常重要的影响因素。     

The comfort of the river: understanding the affective geographies of angling waterscapes in young people’s coping practices

ABSTRACT

This paper draws on ethnographic research with angling intervention programmes working with ‘disaffected’ young people in the UK to demonstrate how young people use the affective geographies of waterscapes to regulate their feelings and escape stressful lives. But rather than interpret the restorative or therapeutic quality of waterscapes as the consequence of (passive) immersion into green/blue spaces, we argue that ‘comfort’ is derived from an ongoing, active engagement with(in) the world. Drawing on works influenced by phenomenological theories and relational understandings of the more-than-human world, we illustrate how the affectual qualities of waterscapes are continually ‘woven’ into being through the material and embodied practices of young anglers. However, understanding why waterscapes ‘matter’ to young people also requires accounting for those assemblages originating in the past that shape these co-experienced worlds.     

Neolithic fish remains from the freshwater shell midden Riņņukalns in northern Latvia

The Neolithic site Ri??ukalns in the Lake Burtnieks/River Salaca area in northern Latvia is the only freshwater shell midden in the eastern Baltic Sea area. An excavation carried out in 2011 revealed an intact stratigraphy with alternating layers of unburnt and burnt mussel shells and yielded various kinds of archaeological finds, among them several thousand fish remains. To gain an understanding of the fish species and specimens caught by the Neolithic settlers, and to discern any temporal development in the fish species composition, we analysed fish remains from different sections and layers. Results from both the archaeozoological and stable isotope data, give evidence for a change in the relevance of fish species during the period of use, and they also provide information for reconstructing the former river and lake hydrology in the vicinity of the midden. The Stone Age landscape seems to have been very similar to the present situation, so that the study area has been an extraordinarily stable ecosystem for more than 5000 years. Comparisons with the results of recent monitoring programmes, long-term changes since Medieval times, and written sources from the 18th century, show that the fish species community is almost unchanged since the Stone Age. This underlines the importance of the region in nature conservation.     

Prehistoric dietary adaptations among hunter-fisher-gatherers from the Little Sea of Lake Baikal,Siberia, Russian Federation

Dietary adaptations of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cemeteries in the Little Sea region of Cis-Baikal (the region to the west and north of Lake Baikal) are explored using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Stable isotope data, including stable carbon isotopes from bone carbonate, are presented for 22 individuals from the site of Kurma XI, dated to approximately 6500 B.P. to 4000 B.P. Data are compared to previously analyzed individuals from the larger Early Bronze Age cemetery, Khuzhir-Nuge XIV (Katzenberg et al., 2009 JAS) and to smaller sites located along the shore of the Little Sea, including sites on Olkhon Island. An extensive collection of fauna, both prehistoric and modern, from the Little Sea and neighboring regions is also analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Clear distinctions are found in modern fish recovered from the Little Sea, in contrast to those from the open waters of the lake and from the neighboring Angara and Lena rivers. Considerable variation is seen in stable carbon isotope ratios from fish while stable nitrogen isotope ratios are not as variable, regardless of habitat. Isotope source modeling is used to assist in reconstructing past dietary adaptations. While there is ample evidence from other studies for cultural change over this temporal span, diet appears to have been relatively stable.